• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 1997

Several studies have evaluated the effects of types of relative frequency and delay interval of knowledge of results(KR) on motor skill learning independently. The purpose of this study was to determine more effective types of KR relative frequency and KR delay interval for motor learning. Forty-six healthy subjects (15 female, 31 male) with no previous experience with this experiment participated. The subjects ranged in age from 20 to 29 years (mean=23.9, SD=0.474). All subjects were assigned to one of four groups: a high-instant group, a high-delay group, a low-instant group, and a low-delay group. During the acquisition phase, subjects practiced movements to a target (400 mm) with either a high (83%) or low (33%) KR relative frequency, and with either an instantaneous or delayed (after 8s) KR. Four groups were evaluated on retention (after 3min and 24hr) and transfer (450 mm) tests. The major findings were as follows: (1) there were no between-group differences in acquisition and short-term retention (p>0.05, (2) a low (33%) KR relative frequency during practice was as effective for learning as measured by both long-tenn retention and transfer tests, compared with high (83%) KR practice conditions (p<0.05), (3) delayed (8s) KR enhanced learning as measured by both long-term retention and transfer tests, compared with instantaneous KR practice conditions (p<0.05), and (4) there were no interactions between KR relative frequency and KR delay interval during acquisition, retention, and transfer phases. The results suggest that relatively less frequent and delayed KR are more effective types for motor learning than more frequent and instantaneous KR.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1989

This study was conducted to gather the baseline data on realities of experimental-practice and opinions toward spot-practice, and to examine how to cope with the problems raised at the Department of Food and Nutrition of Junior Technical College in Korea. Questionnaires were gathered from 42 chairmans of the Department of Food and Nutrition and 140 Present dieticians worked in Seoul, Bucheon am Seongnam area. The results are as follows, First, as a whole, each college had 2~3 experimental laboratory (Lab), in which Cooking Science Lab. Chemistry Lab and Microbiology Lab were occurred at higher frequency as Lab's name. Second, the numbers per experimental-practice class were more than 40 at most colleges. 85% of Present dieticians have answered to feel too much numbers per the class during their college days, whereas professors' opinions toward the numbers per class were suitable at 20~30 persons per class. Third, professors' opinion toward the adquate ratio of the theory subject classes to experimental subject classes was suitable at 60 : 40. Dieticians answered to take the theory subject classes partly or mostly on behalf of the experimental-practice classes. Fourth, the main reasons which inhibited normal experimental-practice class were the class for emphasis on examination, the shortage of experiment budget, the excess of class members, the shortage of experimental Lab Also, this results showed same propensity to present dieticians' opinion toward the same question above. Fifth, among the experimenta1-practice subjects established at the Department of Food and Nutrition, Diet Therapy Lab was highest frequency class emphasized on theory followed by Nutrition Counselling Lab, Food Processing and Storage Lab, Food Hygiene Lab and Food Microbiology Lab in that order. Here, Basic Chemistry Lab, Biochemistry Lab, Food Microbiology Lab were pointed as subjects far from the present task of dieticians. Sixth, Department of Food and Nutrition, as a whole, has conferred with spot-practice arrangement About 50% (all who want to join spot-practice) of second year students took part in spot-practice. In the other way, all colleges except for 2 colleges didn't give the credit for the spot-practice system. Seventh, according to the on analysis on spot-practice places, manufacturing company was at highest frequcney followed by hospitals, elementary school having group feeding system in that order. Especially, 16.7% (5 colleges) of the total colleges sent the students to the research institute related to food industry for spot-practice experience. Eighth, Professors' opinions toward the spot-practice time and period were preferable on summer vacation of second year and for 1~2 weeks, respectively. On the contrary, 74 dieticians answered to the adquate period as for 4 weeks. Ninth, 86 dieticians of the total 140 answered to complete the spot-practice during their college days, which helps the present task of them. Lacks of spot-practice program, Lacks of comprehension of upper personals and lacks of group feeding equipments ranks higher as difficulties in spot-practice management.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2002

Purpose: This descriptive study was done to evaluate the attitude and practice of hand-washing by student nurses. Method: The subjects of the study were 463 senior and junior undergraduate student nurses and RN-BSN students. The questionnaire was developed by the researchers Data were collected from Oct. 16 to Dec. 20. 2001. and analysed by SPSS/WIN. General characteristics. attitude and practice were analyzed by frequency and percentage and differences in attitude and practice according to grade and practice setting were analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test or ANOVA. Result: 1) The mean frequency of hand-washing was 6.63. Senior students washed more frequently than junior students. 2) The reasons for non-compliance were 'not being accustomed', 'forgetting', and 'not accessible'. 3) The mean time for hand-washing was 23.79 sec., less than the stated appropriate time of 42 18 sec. 4) 90% of the students washed their hands 'after contacting excretions and contaminated items' and few washed 'before giving care to the client'. 5) Most students washed hands rotationally rubbing with soap and water. 6) While washing, they removed their rings more often than their watches. 7) Soap bar (52.8%) and paper towel (69.6%) were most frequently used as decontaminating agent and drying method, but detergent solution (74.2%) and paper towels (60%) were considered as the most appropriate agent and method. 8) Hand-washing was perceived important generally 'to protect from cross-infection'. 'to protect one-self' and 'the most cost effective'. 9) All students responded nurses should practice 'hand-washing.'

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of open laboratory self-directed practice in improving nursing skill competency. Method: This study was a one group posttest only design that examined the competency in basic nursing skills after traditional education and open laboratory self-directed practice. Students participated in traditional education and open laboratory practice through self-study. Whenever practice was done, the item of practice and time were measured and documented. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentages, averages and standard deviations, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Result: 1 The average number of students who participated in the open lab self-directed practice was 53.9 (64.2%) and the total number of hours of participation was 1567.5 minutes per year. Each student participated for an average of 29.1 minutes per year. 2. Analysis showed a statistically positive correlation between practical skill and open laboratory self-study (r=0.252, p=0.048).

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was performed to compare and analyze practice self-efficacy, paramedics image, and major satisfaction according to paramedic students practice experience. Methods: The subjects of this study were 224 paramedic students from universities across the country. The analysis methods were completed using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program as the frequency percentage, mean±standard deviation, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results: It was found that students who experienced practical training had higher levels of practical self-efficacy compared to students who did not (adj OR=3.947, 95% CI=1.932-8.061). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is thought that educational strategies and measures in the absence of practice in the paramedic students.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate attitudes and preventive practice of pressure ulcer among hospital nurses and identify factors affecting their preventive practice of pressure ulcer. Methods: Data were collected at April, 2011 in a university hospital in Korea. A total of 140 hospital nurses completed a questionnaire including attitudes and preventive practice of pressure ulcer. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Spearmans rho, and stepwise multiple regression via SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: Levels of attitudes and preventive practice of pressure ulcer were average 3.65 out of 5 and 2.19 out of 3 respectively. There was significant difference in preventive practice of pressure ulcer by area of practice ($x^2$= 43.35, p<.001), frequency of pressure ulcer care ($x^2$=10.72, p=.013), and experience of wound care education (Ζ=4.73, p=.030). The attitudes toward pressure ulcer prevention were positive correlated to preventive practice among nurses (rho=.190, p=.049). Area of practice, attitude toward pressure ulcer prevention and experience of wound care education explained 48% of variance in preventive practice of pressure ulcer. Conclusion: For improving quality of care, it is important to provide educations to change nurses attitudes toward preventive practice of pressure ulcer.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2022

This study analyzes research trends by systematically examining research about domestic emergency medical services' clinical practice, and it is aimed to present the basic data needs in development plan in clinical practice education in the future. The thesis was searched through the electronic data research (Science Direct, PubMed, Medline, and 55 academic DB interworking) from the library of Konyang University from 2010 to 2021. The main keywords were "Emergency Medical Technician(EMT) Student" and "Clinical Practice," and 6 pieces of researches were selected, finally. As the result of analyzing the qualitative level of selected research, all the 6 pieces of research subjects(100.0%) were pertinent to level IV(survey research) which is low-qualitative level. As the principal subjects, "Clinical practice experience" got the highest frequency as 6(100%), "Satisfaction of clinical practice" was 3(50%), "Self-efficient, Major satisfaction" and "Stress, Depression, Coping" showed 2 (33.3%), and "Change after clinical practice", "Clinical practice improvement plan" was 1(16.7%) each. From this time on, it is confirmed that the quantitative and qualitative growth in domestic emergency medical clinical practice is necessary. This is expected to contribute to establishing a practical and systematic development plan of clinical practice education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.532-543
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• 1999

This study was conducted to provide the basic data necessary for the improvement of the teaching method for basic nursing practice as well as the effectiveness of the practice by examining the students' competency in cleansing enema after doing the self study instead of the traditional education. To examine the competency in cleansing enema after the self study, this study is an one group pretest-posttest design that subjects did the enema practice through the self study. The subjects were 89 sophomore students at Y University. College of Nursing. In basic nursing lab practice class, cleansing enema self study module was given to the students which was developed by the researcher based on the literature review and asked them to finish doing the pre study and checking the self study evaluation criteria after reading the goal, learning activities and theoretical guideline. After watching the video tape, students practiced the process in the module by themselves. For the competency in cleansing enema. repeated autonomous practices were done during the open lab other than the regular class. Whenever the practice was done, the frequency and time were measure and documented. When the student felt confident through repeated practices, the competency was evaluated by the researcher and two assistants based on the evaluation criteria. And the process was repeated till the student could perform all the items on evaluation criteria completely. The data were collected for 42 days from Oct. 15 to Nov. 26 in 1996. Collected data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, Pearson correlation coefficient and variance analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. 43.2% of the students were favorable to nursing and 63.6% like lecture, but 71.6% like practice. So they were more interested in practice than in lecture. 2. 62.3% of the students scored high in written test, 97.8% scored high in practice. So the practice score was better. 3. The frequency of repeated practice to pass the test ranged from 1 to 4 and the average is 2.2. 4. The average time needed in preparation and the performance was nearly the same regardless of the frequency. It took 5 to 38 minutes for those who passed the test after practicing once and the average was 16 minutes. 5 to 60 minutes were taken for those who practiced twice to pass the test and the average was 21 minutes. Those who passed the test after three practices needed 8 to 30 minutes and the average was 15 minutes, which was similar to the time that the students who passed the test for the first trial. Only one student passed the test after 4 practices and it took 10 minutes. 5. 64% of the students agreed that the context and the content of the module were appropriate for the self study and 68.2% were satisfied. And 71.9% said that the module helped them to practice the enema self study 6. Though only 42% of the students were satisfied with the video. 50.6% said that it was helpful for the self study. 7. 52.3% of the students were satisfied with the self study method, and 86.6% obtained self-confidence when performing the enema. 8. The lower the student's practice score was, the more practices were needed for them to pass the test(r=-.213, P<.05). As a result, for performing the enema practice competently, two or more practice opportunities were needed to be given. And it is possible to obtain the less complex nursing skills through the self study, when enough learning resources and assistance such as learning guidance or video tapes are provided. Based on this study. I want to suggest that. 1. There must be college policy that can support the new method instead of the traditional learning method for the students to attain the proficiency in basic nursing skills. 2. The assistant materials should be developed as soon as possible to promote the self study of basic nursing skills.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

Object: To analyze the effect of a media-campaign for "walking exercise participation improvement", which impacted walking-related awareness and behavior change of residents in Seoul. Method: This study used three campaign media including printing information, walking exercise indication board and a public advertisement of cable TV to lead a walking-related awareness change and practice frequency(number of days per week walking) and time(minutes per day walking) of walking exercise. To evaluate the exposure and message-recall levels of a campaign and effects of awareness change and walking practice, this study used a questionnaire survey(N=377). Result: 1) Group of exposure to campaign more participate and had the higher frequency(p=.015) and time(p=.023) in walking exercise and in comparison with group of nonexposure. 2) Group of changed awareness to campaign more participate and had the higher frequency and time in walking exercise and in comparison with group of no changed perception(p <.05). 3) Level of message recall of ${\ulcorner}$printing information${\lrcorner}$ was associated with number of days per week walking, and level of message recall of ${\ulcorner}$public advertisement of cable TV${\lrcorner}$ was associated with minutes per day walking at a statistically significant level(p <.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that media campaign can enhance the success of community-based efforts to promote awareness change and walking practice.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.827-833
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between self-leadership in clinical practice and stress in dental hygiene majoring students. Methods : Subjects were 250 dental hygiene majoring students in J area from March 20 to April 20, 2012. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS WIN 12.0 for frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression. Results : There were significant differences between Satisfaction and clinical practice, practice and major stress factors(p<0.01). There were significant differences between practices, satisfaction, and self-expectations(p<0.001). The explanatory power of the model was 9%(p<0.05). The combination of self-leadership, activity, interpersonal factors were very important factors and the explanatory power of the model was 8%(p<0.001). Conclusions : Self-leadership is able to decrease stress. Self-leadership is very important in clinical practice in dental hygiene majoring students.