• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2006

Purpose: With accumulated necessity to develop Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) in Korea, various types of Nurse Practitioner (NP) programs have been recently developed. Unlike the origin of the NP programs in the U.S., in which the lack of primary health care provider preceded the creation of NP education, NP programs in Korea are currently in an early stage in which the scope of practice and educational boundaries are still evolving. Just imitating American models may result in culturally inappropriate and practically non-feasible APN programs in Korea. This article was aimed to evaluate the top-ranked Oncology NP (ONP) programs in U.S. with those in Korea. Method: Using the Donabedian paradigm, the educational structure, process, and outcome were compared and contrasted between two countries. Results: The findings of this paper demonstrated that many aspects of structure of the Korean program are similar to those of the Americans with minor differences. Three strategies for future development of ONP program in Korea are suggested. Conclusion: Practical and feasible scope of practice for ONP in Korea should be determined. It needs to embrace every aspects of cancer experience. Also, nursing-oriented and culturally competent practice needs to be identified and incorporated into the ONP practice.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.4_spc
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• pp.415-429
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• 2014

With the advent of smart devices, users are able to connect to each other through the Internet without the constraints of time and space. Because the Internet has become increasingly important to users in their everyday lives, reliance on it has grown. As a result, the number of web sites constantly increases and the competition between these sites becomes more intense. Even those sites that operate successfully struggle to establish new strategies for customer retention and customer development in order to survive. Many companies use various customer information in order to establish marketing strategies based on customer group segmentation A method commonly used to determine the customer groups of individual sites is to infer customer characteristics based on the customers' demographic information. However, such information cannot sufficiently represent the real characteristics of customers. For example, users who have similar demographic characteristics could nonetheless have different interests and, therefore, different buying needs. Hence, in this study, customers' interests are first identified through an analysis of their Internet news inquiry records. This information is then integrated in order to identify each web category. The study then analyzes the possibilities for the practical use of the proposed methodology through its application to actual Internet news inquiry records and web site browsing histories.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2011

Automotive engines require strategies to fulfill the emission regulations in terms of NOx and PM. A dramatic reduction in NOx and PM emissions could be achieved with high pressure injection, innovative combustion strategies and EGR. Recently, Lean NOx Trap (LNT) and Urea-SCR are considered as more practical strategy to suppress the engine-out emissions substantially for copying with severe regulation. These systems need to reduce the reducing agent injection system which has a huge impact on NOx purification efficiency. In this paper, different three injectors have been used to investigate spray characteristics and engine emission test was conducted to clarify the effect of these injectors on the NOx reduction.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.583-600
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• 2014

Social media is considered a valuable platform for gathering and analyzing the collective and subconscious opinions of people in Internet and mobile environments, where they express, explicitly and implicitly, their daily preferences for brands and products. Extracting and tracking the various attitudes and concerns that people express through social media could enable us to categorize brands and decipher individuals' cognitive decision-making structure in their choice of brands. We investigate the cognitive network structure of consumers by building an inter-category map through the mining of big data. In so doing, we create an improved online recommendation model. Building on economic sociology theory, we suggest a framework for revealing collective preference by analyzing the patterns of brand names that users frequently mention in the online public sphere. We expect that our study will be useful for those conducting theoretical research on digital marketing strategies and doing practical work on branding strategies.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.119-139
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• 2011

Free-talking in Korea has recently been emphasized as a way of improving students' speaking ability outside of the classroom. The purpose of this study is to examine perceptions of free-talking, to understand what type of roles were played by or allotted between Korean students and international professors (IPs) and to look for effective speaking strategies for utilizing free-talking. Participants of this study were 68 university students and 23 IPs. The data collected through a survey type of questionnaire were analyzed by this researcher and the main findings indicate that students and IPs have somewhat different viewpoints about their concepts of free-talking. Students expressed varying viewpoints depending on their experience and class (year). In terms of the benefits, usefulness, and satisfaction of free-talking, students and IPs seem to be in more agreement with each other although the two groups have conflicting perceptions in the particular operation of free-talking, especially in terms of preparation and feedback. Students stated that they feel anxious, nervous, and that they struggle with peer pressure while free-talking. However, they feel that through free-talking they build up confidence and increase their speaking ability. Regarding roles, most professors play a helpful role as a guide or facilitator while students want professors to provide more suitable materials and to tutor them by means of appropriate feedback and strategies as well-prepared teachers like a prompter, participant or tutor in the timely manner. Finally, this paper proffers a few practical suggestions for activating free-talking and a discussion of the pedagogical implications.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.133-156
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• 2007

Although the understanding of English tense system is a crucial factor for communicative English learning and teaching for EFL students, it has been neglected over the years. As with other areas of the grammar, difficulties may arise from the nature of the system itself or from differences between time, tense and aspect. Consequently, many learners face a considerable difficulty with the English tense system as they are more often unable to grasp the basic conceptual differences of present/present continuous, past/present perfect, will/be going to along with many others. More concerning fact is that lots of instructors or so-called native English teachers seem not to be aware of the importance of teaching English tense system. The purpose of this study is to review and examine various theories and practical usages of tense in order to establish and/or present better methods for teaching tenses. This paper is focused on comparatively exact distinction of time, physical notion from tense, grammatical category as well as sequences of tenses in view of school grammar and communicative function. At the end or middle of each chapter, efficient teaching and learning techniques or strategies on tenses are suggested to help instructors or learners who relentlessly face confusions in understanding tense and its usage for communicative English learning and teaching. This study attempts to influence learners' ability to recognize and write tense in authentic contexts not to mention spoken English.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

Purpose - Because it is not possible to assess the quality of service products before experiencing them, one feature of a service product is quality uncertainty; hence consumers may react sensitively to pricing. It is necessary to investigate how different pricing strategies affect consumer purchase intention depending on the level of service quality uncertainty. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors have investigated the potential impact of the level of service quality uncertainty, price discount rate and presentation method on consumer purchase intention. A play was selected as an experimental stimulus, and Vietnamese consumers were surveyed to verify the hypotheses. Results - When uncertainty regarding service quality is low, consumer purchase intention is higher when the price discount rate is high or when the price is low. When uncertainty regarding service quality is high, if the normal price, discount rate, and discounted price are presented simultaneously, consumer purchase intention is higher when the price discount rate is low, but when only the discounted price is presented, purchase intention is higher when the price discount rate is high. Conclusions - The results of this study can provide valuable practical implications for pricing for service products with quality uncertainty.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.327-337
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• 2019

The aim of this research is to contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of automotive parts suppliers while departing from the dependent relationship structure, by developing and interpreting factors that affect sale, which are financial achievements, in a practical way. The research data covered 200 companies from 2013-2017. The study hypothesis was verified by dividing the hypothesis into Model1 with control variables only and Model2 with control variables in independent variables. As a result of hypothesis testing, regarding sales, only capital size showed to have an effect in Model1, while in Model2, asset size, number of employees and joint ventures with foreign companies did but the other remaining factors did not. In particular, the results showed that an increase in financial performance required 'Economies of scale', and that companies that concentrated on a small number of items, diversified products into four or more items, or owned two to four suppliers, reaped positive results in financial performance. Therefore, in addition to the selection and concentration of corporate management for production items and account management, applying strategies, like the inter-company M&A, consortiums and co-branded strategies to achieve 'Economy of scale', would highly enhance the financial performance of automotive parts suppliers.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.437-443
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• 2018

Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and to a lesser extent, the error-free pathway known as homology-directed repair (HDR) are cellular mechanisms for recovery from double-strand DNA breaks (DSB) induced by RNA-guided programmable nuclease CRISPR/Cas. Since NHEJ is equivalent to using a duck tape to stick two pieces of metals together, the outcome of this repair mechanism is prone to error. Any out-of-frame mutations or premature stop codons resulting from NHEJ repair mechanism are extremely handy for loss-of-function studies. Substitution of a mutation on the genome with the correct exogenous repair DNA requires coordination via an error-free HDR, for targeted transgenesis. However, several practical limitations exist in harnessing the potential of HDR to replace a faulty mutation for therapeutic purposes in all cell types and more so in somatic cells. In germ cells after the DSB, copying occurs from the homologous chromosome, which increases the chances of incorporation of exogenous DNA with some degree of homology into the genome compared with somatic cells where copying from the identical sister chromatid is always preferred. This review summarizes several strategies that have been implemented to increase the frequency of HDR with a focus on somatic cells. It also highlights the limitations of this technology in gene therapy and suggests specific solutions to circumvent those barriers.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Chemoprevention refers to the use of non-toxic chemical agents to prevent the neoplastic development by inhibiting, delaying, or reversing a multi-stage carcinogenesis. The primary goal of chemoprevention research is to identify or produce effective agents and strategies for clinical trials for applications to normal or high risk human populations. A large number of compounds have been tested for their possible chemopreventive activities, and it is of interest to note that many of them are naturally occurring substances. Thus, a variety of plant and vegetable constituents, particularly those included in our daily diet, have been found to possess substantial protective properties against experimental carcinogenesis. These substances, collectively known as dietary phytochemicals, exert their chemopreventive effects by influencing specific step(s) of multi-stage carcinogenesis: some inhibit metabolic activation or enhance detoxification of carcinogens, others interfere with covalent interactions between ultimate eloctrophilic carcinogens and the target cell DNA and still others may exert anti-promoting or anti-progressing effects. Mechanism-based interventions by use of safe dietary phytochemicals may provide one of the most practical and promising cancer chemopreventive strategies.