• 제목/요약/키워드: power usage

검색결과 929건 처리시간 0.031초

가정용 연료전지 시스템의 열관리 해석 (Thermal Management Study of PEMFC for Residential Power Generation)

  • 유상석;이영덕;안국영
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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    • pp.2839-2844
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    • 2008
  • A PEMFC(proton exchange membrane fuel cell) is a good candidate for residential power generation to be cope with the shortage of fossil fuel and green house gas emission. The attractive benefit of the PEMFC is to produce electric power as well as hot water for home usage. Typically, thermal management of vehicular PEMFC is to reject the heat from the PEMFC to the ambient air. Different from that, the thermal management of PEMFC for RPG is to utilize the heat of PEMFC so that the PEMFC can be operated at its optimal efficiency. In this study, dynamic thermal management system is modeled to understand the response of the thermal management system during dynamic operation. The thermal management system of PEMFC for RPGFC is composed of two cooling circuits, one for controling the fuel cell temperature and the other for heating up the water for home usage. Dynamic responses and operating strategies of the PEMFC system are investigated during load changes.

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농업용 지하수의 실제 이용량 특성 (Characteristics of the Actual use of Agricultural Groundwater)

  • 송성호;명우호;이규상
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2017
  • Accurate assessment of agricultural groundwater usage is an essential task to cope with drought that occurs irregularly in time and location. In this study, the agricultural groundwater usage was calculated in nationwide public wells (1,386 bedrock wells) during 5-year period (2010-2014) by using electric power consumption and well specification data. National average of agricultural groundwater usage per each well was estimated as $66.2m^3/day$, corresponding to 21.6% of total permitted volume of groundwater in each well. Chungcheong Nam-do had the highest usage with 38-55.6%. The value increased to 58.1% when the total permitted volume was based upon the supply standard against drought, and the value reached 100% in Chungcheong Nam-do. In Ganghwa distirct that suffered from severe drought in recent years, the average groundwater usage was 61.4%. In 2014, when the drought was the most severe with 45% precipitation of the average annual rainfall, the nationwide usage was turned out to be 25.6%, indicating about 4% higher than average agricultural groundwater usage 21.6%. Therefore, the quantitative assessment of groundwater usage in this study signifies that adequate use of groundwater is crucial to cope with agricultural drought.

정보시스템의 실제 이용에 대한 연구: 모바일 서비스 시스템 품질을 중심으로 (A Study on Actual Usage of Information Systems: Focusing on System Quality of Mobile Service)

  • 조우철;김기민;양성병
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.611-635
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    • 2014
  • Information systems (IS) have become ubiquitous and changed every aspect of how people live their lives. While some IS have been successfully adopted and widely used, others have failed to be adopted and crowded out in spite of remarkable progress in technologies. Both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the IS Success Model (ISSM), among many others, have contributed to explain the reasons of success as well as failure in IS adoption and usage. While the TAM suggests that intention to use and perceived usefulness lead to actual IS usage, the ISSM indicates that information quality, system quality, and service quality affect IS usage and user satisfaction. Upon literature review, however, we found a significant void in theoretical development and its applications that employ either of the two models, and we raise research questions. First of all, in spite of the causal relationship between intention to use and actual usage, in most previous studies, only intention to use was employed as a dependent variable without overt explaining its relationship with actual usage. Moreover, even in a few studies that employed actual IS usage as a dependent variable, the degree of actual usage was measured based on users' perceptual responses to survey questionnaires. However, the measurement of actual usage based on survey responses might not be 'actual' usage in a strict sense that responders' perception may be distorted due to their selective perceptions or stereotypes. By the same token, the degree of system quality that IS users perceive might not be 'real' quality as well. This study seeks to fill this void by measuring the variables of actual usage and system quality using 'fact' data such as system logs and specifications of users' information and communications technology (ICT) devices. More specifically, we propose an integrated research model that bring together the TAM and the ISSM. The integrated model is composed of both the variables that are to be measured using fact as well as survey data. By employing the integrated model, we expect to reveal the difference between real and perceived degree of system quality, and to investigate the relationship between the perception-based measure of intention to use and the fact-based measure of actual usage. Furthermore, we also aim to add empirical findings on the general research question: what factors influence actual IS usage and how? In order to address the research question and to examine the research model, we selected a mobile campus application (MCA). We collected both fact data and survey data. For fact data, we retrieved them from the system logs such information as menu usage counts, user's device performance, display size, and operating system revision version number. At the same time, we conducted a survey among university students who use an MCA, and collected 180 valid responses. A partial least square (PLS) method was employed to validate our research model. Among nine hypotheses developed, we found five were supported while four were not. In detail, the relationships between (1) perceived system quality and perceived usefulness, (2) perceived system quality and perceived intention to use, (3) perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use, (4) quality of device platform and actual IS usage, and (5) perceived intention to use and actual IS usage were found to be significant. In comparison, the relationships between (1) quality of device platform and perceived system quality, (2) quality of device platform and perceived usefulness, (3) quality of device platform and perceived intention to use, and (4) perceived system quality and actual IS usage were not significant. The results of the study reveal notable differences from those of previous studies. First, although perceived intention to use shows a positive effect on actual IS usage, its explanatory power is very weak ($R^2$=0.064). Second, fact-based system quality (quality of user's device platform) shows a direct impact on actual IS usage without the mediating role of intention to use. Lastly, the relationships between perceived system quality (perception-based system quality) and other constructs show completely different results from those between quality of device platform (fact-based system quality) and other constructs. In the post-hoc analysis, IS users' past behavior was additionally included in the research model to further investigate the cause of such a low explanatory power of actual IS usage. The results show that past IS usage has a strong positive effect on current IS usage while intention to use does not have, implying that IS usage has already become a habitual behavior. This study provides the following several implications. First, we verify that fact-based data (i.e., system logs of real usage records) are more likely to reflect IS users' actual usage than perception-based data. In addition, by identifying the direct impact of quality of device platform on actual IS usage (without any mediating roles of attitude or intention), this study triggers further research on other potential factors that may directly influence actual IS usage. Furthermore, the results of the study provide practical strategic implications that organizations equipped with high-quality systems may directly expect high level of system usage.

Dynamic Simulation of Pump-Storage Power Plants with different variable speed configurations using the Simsen Tool

  • Kruger, Klaus;Koutnik, Jiri
    • International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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    • 제2권4호
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    • pp.334-345
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    • 2009
  • Pumped storage power plants are playing a significant role in the contribution to the stabilization of an electrical grid, above all by stable operation and fast reaction to sudden load respectively frequency changes. Optimized efficiency and smooth running characteristics both in pump and turbine operation, improved stability for synchronization in turbine mode, load control in pump mode operation and also short reaction times may be achieved using adjustable speed power units. Such variable speed power plants are applicable for high variations of head (e.g. important for low head pump-turbine projects). Due to the rapid development of power semiconductors and frequency converter technology, feasible solutions can be provided even for large hydro power units. Suitable control strategies as well as clear design criteria contribute significantly to the optimal usage of the pump turbine and motor-generators. The SIMSEN tool for dynamic simulations has been used for comparative investigations of different configurations regarding the power converter topology, types of semiconductors and types of motor-generators including the coupling to the hydraulic system. A brief overview of the advantages & disadvantages of the different solutions can also be found in this paper. Using this approach, a customized solution minimizing cost and exploiting the maximum usage of the pump-turbine unit can be developed in the planning stage of new and modernization pump storage projects.

연료전지 하이브리드 차량의 연비향상을 위한 배터리 동력분배 최적화 (Optimization of Battery Power Distribution to Improve Fuel Consumption of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle)

  • 이동섭
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.397-403
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    • 2013
  • 친환경 및 연비에 대한 요구와 제한은 하이브리드 차량과 같은 친환경 고연비 차량기술을 발전시켜왔다. 하이브리드 차량의 연비는 시스템의 특성으로 인해 주행 후 배터리 충전량의 변화를 연비에 반영시키는 등가연료사용량이 연료소비량에 추가되므로 제어전략에서 배터리 사용영역 증가만으로 연비를 향상시킬 수 없었다. 본 논문은 연료전지 하이브리드 차량을 matlab simulink상에서 모델링하고 기존제어전략에서 연료전지의 사용구간을 분석하여 연료전지 주 사용영역에서의 배터리와 연료전지 간 동력분배를 연비향상을 목표로 최적화하여 등가연료사용량을 포함한 총연비의 향상을 시도하였다.

난방방식별 에너지사용 특성 실증 분석 I: 실증 시스템 구축 (Experimental Investigation for the Characteristics of Energy-Usage of Heating Systems in Apartment Complex Part I: Experiment System Implementation)

  • 임용훈;최규성;김혁주
    • 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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    • pp.480-487
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    • 2007
  • The experimental implementation for different heating systems, district heating and separate heating and power, is discussed in the analysis of the characteristics of energy-usage in apartment complex. Total 20 families are chosen for the experiment, 10 for the district heating and the others for separate heating and power. Among the 10 families, the operating temperature was forced to be controled within certain range of temperatures for 5 ones, and it was left as usual for the other ones. The configuration and general features of each facilities and data acquisition systems are mentioned in brief and the technical specifications for it are also described. The analysis for the experiment results of this investigation is going to be carried out and published in a subsequent paper.

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보일러 고온요소의 수명 감시시스템 소프트웨어 개발 (Development of On-line Life Monitoring System Software for High-temperature Components of Power Boilers)

  • 윤필기;정동관;윤기봉
    • 한국에너지공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국에너지공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.171-176
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    • 1999
  • Nondestructive inspection and accompanying life analysis based on fracture mechanics were the major conventional methods for evaluating remaining life of critical high temperature components in power plants. By using these conventional methods, it has been difficult to perform in-service inspection for life prediction. Also, quantitative damage evaluation due to unexpected abrupt changes in operating temperature was almost impossible. Thus, many efforts have been made for evaluating remaining life during operation of the plants and predicting real-time life usage values based on the shape of structures, operating history, and material properties. In this study, a core software for on-line life monitoring system which carries out real-time life evaluation of a critical component in power boiler(high temperature steam headers) is developed. The software is capable of evaluating creep and fatigue life usage from the real-time stress data calculated by using temperature/stress transfer Green functions derived for the specific headers and by counting transient cycles. The major benefits of the developed software lie in determining future operating schedule, inspection interval, and replacement plan by monitoring real-time life usage based on prior operating history.

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송전망 이용요금 산정을 위한 교육용 시뮬레이터 개발 (A Windows-based Software for Education and Training of Transmission Network Charge)

  • 김현홍;조기선;정윤원;박종배;신중린
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제56권8호
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    • pp.1373-1381
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    • 2007
  • This paper presents a graphical windows-based software for the education and training of transmission network charge. The motivation for the development of the simulator is to provide students with a simple and useable tool for gaining an intuitive feel for transmission network charge. The developed simulator consists of the main module (MMI, GUI), the power flow module (PF), the power flow tracing module (PFT), and usage cost DB module (UCD). Each module has a separate graphical and interactive interfacing window. The developed simulator provides with two power system analysis methods (i.e., DC-PF and Modified DC-PF) and supports the PSS/E input data format to load input data of power system. Also, power flow tracing can be calculate using four methods such as "Felix Wu", "Modified Felix Wu", "DCLF ICRP", and "Reverse MW mile". Results of calculation for transmission usage cost are displayed and compared on the window through the table and/or chart. Therefore, the developed simulator can be utilize as a useful tool for effective education and training of transmission network charge.

Spectrum Usage Forecasting Model for Cognitive Radio Networks

  • Yang, Wei;Jing, Xiaojun;Huang, Hai
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.1489-1503
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    • 2018
  • Spectrum reuse has attracted much concern of researchers and scientists, however, the dynamic spectrum access is challenging, since an individual secondary user usually just has limited sensing abilities. One key insight is that spectrum usage forecasting among secondary users, this inspiration enables users to obtain more informed spectrum opportunities. Therefore, spectrum usage forecasting is vital to cognitive radio networks (CRNs). With this insight, a spectrum usage forecasting model for the occurrence of primary users prediction is derived in this paper. The proposed model is based on auto regressive enhanced primary user emergence reasoning (AR-PUER), which combines linear prediction and primary user emergence reasoning. Historical samples are selected to train the spectrum usage forecasting model in order to capture the current distinction pattern of primary users. The proposed scheme does not require the knowledge of signal or of noise power. To verify the performance of proposed spectrum usage forecasting model, we apply it to the data during the past two months, and then compare it with some other sensing techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the spectrum usage forecasting model is effective and generates the most accurate prediction of primary users occasion in several cases.

송전망 이용요금산정을 위한 교육용 시뮬레이터 개발 (Educational Simulator for Transmission Network Use of System Charge)

  • 김현홍;송형용;이찬주;박종배;신중린
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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    • pp.201-203
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    • 2006
  • This paper presents a graphical windows-based software for the education and training of the transmission network use of system charge. The developed simulator consist of the main module(MMI,GUI), the power flow module(PF), the power flow tracing module(PFT) and management of usage cost DB module(UCD). Each module has a separate graphical and interactive interfacing window. To have effective education for transmission network use of system charge, the developed simulator are provided with two power system analysis methods. Input data of power system can use the format of PSS/E input data. Also calculation of power flow tracing are provided with four methods such as "Felix Wu","Modified Felix Wu", "DCLF ICRP" and "Reverse MW mile". Results of calculation for usage cost are shown on the window through the table or chart. Therefore user can confirm the detailed differences of results from each calculation method.

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