• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we propose a novel global navigation satellite system (GNSS) spoofing detection technique through an array antenna-based direction of arrival (DoA) estimation of satellite and spoofer. Specifically, we consider a sophisticated GNSS spoofing attack scenario where the spoofer can accurately mimic the multiple pseudo-random number (PRN) signals since the spoofer has its own GNSS receiver and knows the location of the target receiver in advance. The target GNSS receiver precisely estimates the DoA of all PRN signals using compressed sensing-based orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) even with a small number of samples, and it performs spoofing detection from the DoA estimation results of all PRN signals. In addition, considering the initial situation of a sophisticated spoofing attack scenario, we designed the algorithm to have high spoofing detection performance regardless of the relative spoofing signal power. Therefore, we do not consider the assumption in which the power of the spoofing signal is about 3 dB greater than that of the authentic signal. Then, we introduce design parameters to get high true detection probability and low false alarm probability in tandem by considering the condition for the presence of signal sources and the proximity of the DoA between authentic signals. Through computer simulations, we compare the DoA estimation performance between the conventional signal direction estimation method and the OMP algorithm in few samples. Finally, we show in the sophisticated spoofing attack scenario that the proposed spoofing detection technique using OMP-based estimated DoA of all PRN signals outperforms the conventional spoofing detection scheme in terms of true detection and false alarm probability.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.29-34
• /
• 2021

For the purpose of Application to the small radar sensor, the MMIC Chips, which are the core component of the W-band, was designed in Korea according to the characteristics of the transceiver and manufactured by 60nm GaN and 0.1㎛ GaAs pHEMT process. The output power of PA is 28 dBm at center frequency of W-band and Noise figure is 6.7 dB of switch and LNA MMIC. Output power and Noise figure of MMIC chips developed in domestic was applied to the transmitter and receiver module through W-band waveguide low loss transition structure design and impedance matching to verify the performance after the fabrication are 26.1~27.7 dBm and 7.85~10.57 dB including thermal testing, and which are close to the analysis result. As a result, these are judged that the PA and Switch and LNA MMICs can be applied to the small radar sensor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.175-181
• /
• 2024

In electrical power substations, bulky iron-core potential transformers (PTs) are installed in a tank of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) to measure system voltages. This paper proposed a low-power voltage transformer (LPVT) that can replace the conventional iron-core PTs in response to the demand for the digitalization of substations. The prototype LPVT consists of a capacitive voltage divider (CVD) which is embedded in a spacer and an impedance matching circuit using passive components. The CVD was fabricated with a flexible PCB to acquire enough insulation performance and withstand vibration and shock during operation. The performance of the LPVT was evaluated at 80%, 100%, and 120% of the rated voltage (38.1 kV) according to IEC 61869-11. An accuracy correction algorithm based on LabVIEW was applied to correct the voltage ratio and phase error. The corrected voltage ratio and phase error were +0.134% and +0.079 min., respectively, which satisfies the accuracy CL 0.2. In addition, the voltage ratio of LPVT was analyzed in ranges of -40~+40℃, and a temperature correction coefficient was applied to maintain the accuracy CL 0.2. By applying the LPVT proposed in this paper to the same rating GIS, it can be reduced the length per GIS bay by 11%, and the amount of SF6 by 5~7%.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.86-90
• /
• 2003

A flat conversion loss in microwave mixer is hard to achieve if integrating with an image rejection filter(IRF). This is due to the change of termination condition with respect to the LO and IF frequency at RF port where the filter has 50 ohm termination property only in the RF band. This paper describes a flatness maintenance in the down mixer concerning a diode matching condition as well as an electrical length of embedding line at RF port. The implemented single balance diode mixer is suitable for a 23 ㎓ European Terrestrial Radio. RF, LO and fixed IF frequency chosen in this paper are 21.2∼22.4 ㎓, 22.4∼23.6 ㎓ and 1.2 ㎓, respectively. The measured results show a conversion loss of 8.5 ㏈, flatness of 1.2 ㏈ p-p, input P1㏈ of 7㏈m, IIP3 of 15.42 ㏈m with nominal LO power level of 10㏈m. The return loss of RF and LO port are less than - 15 ㏈ and - 12 ㏈, respectively and IF port is less than - 6 ㏈. LO/RF and LO/IF isolation are 18 ㏈ and 50 ㏈, respectively. This approach would be a helpful reference for designing up/down converter possessing a filtering element.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we designed a multiband monopole antenna for next-generation WLAN system. In conventional WLAN system, UWB antennas were used together, and, because the radiation occurs in different parts depending on the antenna structure, it has the disadvantage of having an unstable impulse response characteristic due to dispersion characteristics. Although a UWB antenna that has suitable radiation pattern for WLAN band, it does not have good impedance matching and has severe echo. Therefore, in this paper, a monopole antenna was designed by using CPW power feed so that various impedances can be easily implemented when designing an antenna and more parameters can be derived that can be used for design for optimal performance.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.348-358
• /
• 2015

Mobile devices have been widespread and become very popular with connectivity to the Internet, and a lot of desktop PC applications are now aggressively ported to them. Unfortunately, mobile devices are often vulnerable to malicious attacks due to their common usage and connectivity to the Internet. Therefore, the demands on the development of mobile security systems increase in accordance with advances in mobile computing. However, it is very hard to run a security program on a mobile device all of the time due the device's limited computational power and battery life. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel mobile security scheme that migrates heavy computations on mobile devices to cloud servers. An efficient data transmission scheme for reducing data traffic between devices and servers over networks is introduced. We have evaluated the proposed scheme with a mobile device in a cloud environment, whereby it achieved a maximum speedup of 13.4 compared to a traditional algorithm.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.728-741
• /
• 2015

Stereo vision has become an important technical issue in the field of 3D imaging, machine vision, robotics, image analysis, and so on. The depth map extraction from stereo video is a key technology of stereoscopic 3D video requiring stereo correspondence algorithms. This is the matching process of the similarity measure for each disparity value, followed by an aggregation and optimization step. Since it requires a lot of computational power, there are significant speed-performance advantages when exploiting parallel processing available on processors. In this situation, multi-core CPU may allow many parallel programming technologies to be realized in users computing devices. This paper proposes parallel implementations for calculating disparity map using a shared memory programming and exploiting the streaming SIMD extension technology. By doing so, we can take advantage both of the hardware and software features of multi-core processor. For the performance evaluation, we implemented a parallel SAD algorithm with OpenMP and SSE2. Their processing speeds are compared with non parallel version on stereoscopic streaming video. The experimental results show that both technologies have a significant effect on the performance and achieve great improvements on processing speed.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.43 no.7 s.349
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2006

A 5Gb/s cross coupled transimpedance amplifier (TIA) & limiting amp(LA), regulated cascode(RGC) is realized in a 0.18$\mu$m CMOS technology for optical printed circuit board applications. The optical receiver demonstrates $92.8db{\Omega}$ transimpedance and limiting amplifier gain, 5Gb/s bandwidth for 0.5pF photodiode capacitance, and 9.74mW power dissipation from 1.8V, 2.4V supply. Input stage impedance is $50{\Omega}$. The circuit was implemented on an optical PCB, and the 5Gb/s data output signal was measured with a good data eye opening.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.393-396
• /
• 2018

Herein, a 94-GHz low-noise amplifier (LNA) using the 65-nm CMOS process is presented. The LNA is composed of a four-stage differential common-source amplifier and impedance matching is accomplished with transformers. The fabricated LNA chip shows a peak gain of 25 dB at 94 GHz and has a 3-dB bandwidth at 5.5 GHz. The chip consumes 46 mW of DC power from a 1.2-V supply, and the total chip area, including the pads, is $0.3mm^2$.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2016

SRM is designed to meet operating standards such as low cost, simple magnetic structure, a desired operating speed range, high efficiency, high performance, and good matching for DC power. The magnetic flux of SRM is independent of its direction to develop a torque and it allows the flexible characteristics of the magnetic structure for SRM. In this paper, SRM can widely classify two types, Radial-Flux SRM and Axial-Flux SRM, according to the flux direction. Radial-Flux SRM includes Conventional, Segmented stator and rotor, and Double stator SRM, etc. and Axial-Flux SRM includes C-core stator and the Axial-airgap SRM. This paper is subjected the basic characteristics to select the best of the magnetic structure of SRM in the appropriate application by the classification of SRM.