• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.291-304
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing family caregivers' reaction of persons with cancer. The study participants were 130 cancer patients and their family caregivers. Data on participant characteristics, caregiver reaction, perceived social support, and cancer related health literacy were collected from July 17 to November 7, 2018 using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program for descriptive statistics, using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient and enter multiple regression analysis. The determining factors affecting caregivers' reaction were in case of spouse of patient(${\beta}=.252$, p=.002), subjective health status(${\beta}=-.207$ p=.012), and health literacy (self-care, patient's needs and preference) (${\beta}=-.411$, p<.001; ${\beta}=.247$, p=.037 respectively), and their explanation power was about 37.9%. This finding underscores the need for developing and application of the individualized education program with health literacy improvement strategies for family caregivers of cancer patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.1104-1116
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the potential of using sediment bioelectrochemical systems (SBESs) for in situ treatment of the water and sediment in brackish aquaculture ponds polluted with uneaten feed. An SBES integrated into a laboratory-scale tank simulating a brackish aquaculture pond was established. This test tank and the control (not containing the SBES) were fed with shrimp feed in a scheme that mimics a situation where 50% of feed is uneaten. After the SBES was inoculated with microbial sources from actual shrimp pond sediments, electricity generation was well observed from the first experimental week, indicating successful enrichment of electrochemically active bacteria in the test tank sediment. The electricity generation became steady after 3 weeks of operation, with an average current density of $2.3mA/m^2$ anode surface and an average power density of $0.05mW/m^2$ anode surface. The SBES removed 20-30% more COD of the tank water, compared to the control. After 1 year, the SBES also reduced the amount of sediment in the tank by 40% and thus could remove approximately 40% more COD and approximately 52% more nitrogen from the sediment, compared to the control. Insignificant amounts of nitrite and nitrate were detected, suggesting complete removal of nitrogen by the system. PCR-DGGE-based analyses revealed the dominant presence of Methylophilus rhizosphaerae, Desulfatitalea tepidiphila and Thiothrix eikelboomii, which have not been found in bioelectrochemical systems before, in the bacterial community in the sediment of the SBES-containing tank. The results of this research demonstrate the potential application of SBESs in helping to reduce water pollution threats, fish and shrimp disease risks, and thus farmers' losses.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2019

Objectives : Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser, a high power laser has been used for pain management, dermatology, and surgery and laser acupuncture and moxibustion as well, since it had been oscillated in 1964 at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the US. The purpose of this study is to investigate the history of $CO_2$ laser acupuncture through reviewing studies published in early stage of laser medicine. Methods : To investigate the early history of $CO_2$ laser acupuncture, studies were searched in the electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, CNKI, Wanfang, J-STAGE, CiNii, KTNP, and OASIS, since 1964. Articles in English, Chinese, Japanese and Korean were included, and there were no limitations in literature types such as reviews, essays, clinical trials, animal experiments and veterinary research. Results : We found that the first $CO_2$ laser application to acupoints was done by a research team in Shanghai in 1976. They used $CO_2$ laser for acupuncture treatment and it was also the first laser acupuncture treatment in China. Since the first case report of $CO_2$ laser for leukopenia, it has been applied to various diseases in China, Korea, Japan and other western countries. It has been widely applied in the fields of dentistry and veterinary medicine, as well as clinical applications. Conclusions : Not only $CO_2$ laser can be used as laser acupuncture by stimulating the acupoints and meridians, but also can produce moxibustion effect by using heat stimulus. Therefore, it is expected that it will be used in various clinical fields in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.80-87
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• 2018

Safety issues in Li-ion battery system have been prime concerns, as demands for power supply device applicable to wearable device, electrical vehicles and energy storage system have increased. To solve safety problems, promising strategy is to replace organic liquid electrolyte with non-flammable solid electrolyte, leading to the development of all-solid-state battery. However, relative low conductivity and high resistance from rigid solid-solid interface hinder a wide application of solid electrolyte. Composite electrolytes composed of organic and inorganic parts could be alternative solution, which in turn bring about the increase of conductivity and conformal contact at physically rough interfaces. In our study, composite electrolytes were prepared by combining poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) and $Li_7La_3Zr_2O_{12}$ (LLZO). The crystallinity, morphology and electrochemical performances were investigated with the control of LLZO contents from 0 wt% to 50 wt%. From the results, it is concluded that optimum content and uniform dispersion of LLZO in polymer matrix are significant to improve overall conductivity of composite electrolyte.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.158-174
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• 2018

The leaf area index (LAI) is a major factor explaining the photosynthesis of vegetation, evapotranspiration, and energy exchange between the earth surface and atmosphere, and there have been studies on accurate and applicable LAI estimation methods. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the actual LAI data, UAV image-based vegetation index, canopy height and satellite image (Sentinel-2) LAI and to present an effective LAI estimation method using UAV. As a result, among the six vegetation indices in this study, NDRE ($R^2=0.496$) and CIRE ($R^2=0.443$), which contained red-edge band, showed a high correlation. The application of the canopy height model data to the vegetation index improved the explanatory power of the LAI. In addition, in the case of NDVI, the saturation problem caused by the linear relationship with LAI was addressed. In this study, it was possible to estimate high resolution LAI using UAV images. It is expected that the applicability of such data will be improved if calibration and correction steps are carried out for various vegetation and seasonal images.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.517-524
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• 2019

The overdrive hub clutch is attached to a 6-speed automatic transmission to reduce fuel consumption by using the additional power of the engine. This paper proposes a means to minimize the load and roll-over ratio on the punch during the piercing process for the overdrive hub clutch product. Die clearance, shear angle, and friction coefficient, which can affect the load and roll-over ratio of the punch during processing, were set as the design variables. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to determine the influence of each design variable on the punch load and roll-over ratio. As a result, shear angle, friction coefficient and die clearance were found to be sensitive to load and roll-over ratio. The punch load and roll-over ratio were set as the objective function and the equation of each design variable and objective function was derives using the Response Surface Method. Finally, the optimal value of the design variables was derived using the Response Surface Method. Application of this model to finite element analysis resulted in 22.14% improvement in the roll-over ratio of the punch load and material.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

This study examined the change in the attention of University students after being given Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). The participants were divided randomly into two group (tDCS vs. Control). tDCS was applied to 37 university students ($23.08{\pm}3.33years$). The tDCS group was applied 2 mA, for 13 minutes twice over a 26 minute period ($n_1=19$). The control ($n_2=18$) was not applied after padding and was applied twice for 13 minutes over a 26 minute period. This study was conducted from September 3 to 28, 2018 and three times a week for a total of four weeks. The electroencephalogram was confirmed to affect attention. tDCS showed significant improvement in the results in the sensory motor rhythm wave (p<0.01, 95% CI: -1.955, -0.459), middle beta wave (p<0.05; 95% CI: 0.027, 0.943), and power ratio (p<0.01, 95% CI: -1.764, -0.315). The results showed that tDCS application increased the attention ability significantly. These results can be applied to attention deficit disorder (ADHD) patients and college students.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.179-201
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• 2019

Portable low-cost magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems have the potential to enable "point-of-care" and timely MRI diagnosis, and to make this imaging modality available to routine scans and to people in underdeveloped countries and areas. With simplicity, no maintenance, no power consumption, and low cost, permanent magnets/magnet arrays/magnet assemblies are attractive to be used as a source of static magnetic field to realize the portability and to lower the cost for an MRI scanner. However, when taking the canonical Fourier imaging approach and using linear gradient fields, homogeneous fields are required in a scanner, resulting in the facts that either a bulky magnet/magnet array is needed, or the imaging volume is too small to image an organ if the magnet/magnet array is scaled down to a portable size. Recently, with the progress on image reconstruction based on non-linear gradient field, static field patterns without spatial linearity can be used as spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) to encode MRI signals for imaging. As a result, the requirements for the homogeneity of the static field can be relaxed, which allows permanent magnets/magnet arrays with reduced sizes, reduced weight to image a bigger volume covering organs such as a head. It offers opportunities of constructing a truly portable low-cost MRI scanner. For this exciting potential application, permanent magnets/magnet arrays have attracted increased attention recently. A magnet/magnet array is strongly associated with the imaging volume of an MRI scanner, image reconstruction methods, and RF excitation and RF coils, etc. through field patterns and field homogeneity. This paper offers a review of permanent magnets and magnet arrays of different kinds, especially those that can be used for spatial encoding towards the development of a portable and low-cost MRI system. It is aimed to familiarize the readers with relevant knowledge, literature, and the latest updates of the development on permanent magnets and magnet arrays for MRI. Perspectives on and challenges of using a permanent magnet/magnet array to supply a patterned static magnetic field, which does not have spatial linearity nor high field homogeneity, for image reconstruction in a portable setup are discussed.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.83-101
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• 2019

Blockchain is considered as an innovative technology along with Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, and Internet of Things. However, since the inception of the genesis of blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency Bitcoin, the technology is not utilized widely, not let alone disruptive applications. Most of the blockchain research deals with the cryptocurrency, general descriptions of the technology such as trend, outlook of the technology, explanation of component technology, and so on. There are no killer applications like Facebook or Google, of course. Reflecting on the slow adoption by businesses, we wanted know about the current status of the research on blockchain in Korea. The main purpose of this paper is to help business practitioners to identify the application of blockchain to enhance the competitiveness of their organization. To do that, we first use the framework by Iansiti et al (2017) and categorize the blockchain related articles published in Korea according to the framework. This is to provide a benchmark or cases of other organizations' adoption of blockchain technology. Second, based on the value proposition of blockchain applications, we suggest evolutionary paths for adopting them. Third, from the demand pull perspective of technology adoption for innovation, we propose applicable areas where blockchain applications can be introduced. Fourth, we use the value chain model to find out the appropriate domains of blockchain applications in the corporate value chains. And the five competitive forces models is adopted to find ways of lowering the power of forces by incorporating blockchain technology.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.136-156
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• 2019

This study examined the effects of STEAM program on preservice science teachers' communication competency and further explored their experiences of and reflection on STEAM program. The study design is one group pretest-posttest with mixed methodology using both quantitative and qualitative data. The STEAM program consists of three stages: introduction of STEAM, participation in STEAM activities, and reflection on the STEAM program. The preservice science teachers improved their communication competency after the STEAM program (p < .01). The preservice science teachers represented statistically higher scores on the three subscales of communication competency: Interpretation ability, self-presenting ability, and understanding others' viewpoints. In addition, the preservice science teachers reflected on their STEAM experiences. During the first stage of 'Presentation of the Problem Situation,' the preservice science teachers mentioned that they roused their curiosity due to everyday experience-related, social issues or present issues. In the stage of 'Creative Design,' the preservice science teachers mentioned that they selected the final idea through mutual consent of the members, the practical possibility of everyday life, the previous experience-based decisions, or persuasive power. Further, about 87.5% of preservice science teachers mentioned that they were fully engaged in the 'Emotional Learning' stages due to the application of integrated thinking, everyday related issues, and communication among group members. About 85% of the preservice science teachers mentioned that they could challenge new problems in future situations.