• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2002

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) characterized the cancer hazard of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) as a B2 group (probable human carcinogen) and proposed "Guide-lines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment". This guidelines proposed alternative methods for analyzing carcinogen dose-response data and for extrapolating the effects of observed at high dose to predict that might occur at lower doses relevant to human exposure. This proposed guidelines state that "If in a particular case, the evidence indicated a threshold, as in the case of carcinogenicity being secondary to another toxicity that has a threshold, the margin of exposure analysis for toxicity is the same as is done for a non-cancer endpoint". DEHP is excellent candidate for reconideration under the new guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment (John Doull et al., 1998). This study is conducted about risk assessment for infant exposure on DEHP in powdered milk wing methodology in EPA's new guideline on carcinogenic risk assessment. Estimated cancer risk of DEHP in powdered milk and cow milk is 2.83$\times$$10^5$ (using cancer potency: 1.4$\times$$10^2$/ (mg/kg/day)) as mean and MOE is 12075 (using selected NOEL 20 mg/kg/day) as mean. mg/kg/day) as mean.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.676-681
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• 2010

멜라민을 첨가하는 제품들에 대한 기존의 분석법의 한계를 극복하고자 전자코를 이용하여 멜라민 첨가 진위 여부와 첨가 함량의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과 멜라민을 분유와 커피 크림에 농도별로 첨가하였을 때 차이가 뚜렷이 구분되었으며 이를 통해 얻은 멜라민 농도와 DF1간의 상관관계식(분유: DF1= -0.006x(멜라민 농도)+0.327, 커피 크림: DF1= -0.006x+0.316)을 바탕으로 멜라민 함량을 적은 오차 범위 내에서 예측 가능하였다. 또한 멜라민을 urea로부터 합성하는 과정에서 생성되는 부산물인 cyanuric acid는 멜라민과 유사하여 기존의 분석방법으로는 쉽게 구분되지 않지만 전자코를 통하여 확연히 구분되었다. 멜라민을 분유나 커피 크림에 첨가하였을 경우에는 농도별로 차이를 보였으며 urea 혹은 cyanuric acid 첨가 유무에 따라서는 미세한 차이는 보였지만 첨가양에 따른 일정한 경향을 나타나지 않은 것으로 보아 유사물질의 영향을 거의 받지 않으면서 멜라민 자체만의 분석이 가능한 것으로 보인다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 향후 미지의 멜라민 함량이 첨가된 1차 가공품에 대한 함유량을 분석하는 것이 가능하며 제품의 품질관리시 활용할 수 있는 대안을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.518-522
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• 2005

Yogurt containing high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was developed using lactic acid bacteria and germinated brown rice. Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, and L. brevis OPY-1 strains were inoculated into Lactobacillus MRS broth for use as yogurt starter. After treatment with 5% monosodium glutamate in MRS broth, L. brevis OPY-1 strain isolated from Kimchi produced GABA concentration of 8,003.28 nmol/mL. Starter was inoculated into fermentation substrate mixture containing germinated brown rice extract and blend of powdered whole milk and skim milk. Samples were incubated, and viable cell colonies were counted. Highest number of lactic acid bacteria was reached between 16 and 20 hr. Concentrated rice milk fermented with high GABA-producing strain contained GABA concentrations of $137.17\;{\mu}g/g$ D.W., whereas concentrated fermented milk prepared by conventional method contained GABA of $1.29\;{\mu}g/g$ D.W. Sensory evaluation panelists gave favorable ratings to fermented rice milk containing high GABA concentration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.364-368
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• 2007

Enterobacter sakazakii may be related to outbreaks of meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis, mainly in neonates. To reduce the risk of E. sakazakii in baby foods, thermal characteristics for Korean E. sakazakii isolates were determined at 52, 56, and $60^{\circ}C$ in saline solution, rehydrated powdered infant formula, and dried baby food. In saline solution, their D-values were 12-16, 3-5, and 0.9-1 min for each temperature. D-values increased to 16-20, 4-5, and 2-4 min in rehydrated infant formula and 14-17, 5-6, and 2-3 min in dried baby food. The overall calculated z-value was 6-8 for saline, 8-10 for powdered infant formula, and 9-11 for dried baby food. Thermal inactivation of E. sakazakii during rehydration of powdered infant formula was investigated by viable counts. Inactivation of cultured E. sakazakii in infant formula milk did not occur for 20 min at room temperature after rehydration with the water at $50^{\circ}C$ and their counts were reduced by about 1-2 log CFU/g at $60^{\circ}C$ and 4-6 log CFU/ml with the water at 65 and $70^{\circ}C$. However, the thermo stability of adapted E. sakazakii to the powdered infant formula increased more than two times. Considering that the levels of E. sakzakii observed in powdered infant formula have generally been 1 CFU/100 g of dry formula or less, contamination with E. sakazakii can be reduced or eliminated by rehydrating water with at least $10^{\circ}C$ higher temperature than the manufacturer-recommended $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2007

In this study, the microwave free-space transmission technique was used to measure the dielectric property of powdered food at microwave frequencies. The sample holder was designed and fabricated to transmit the microwave signals ranging from 1 to 15GHz. From the microwave propagation theory the equation expressing the dielectric property of powdered food was derived and validated by standard dielectrics. The dielectric property of powdered food such as wheat flour, coffee powder and milk powder was measured and analyzed. In the uniform range of bulk density of material, the real parts of permittivity of the food samples increased with the increase of moisture content, bulk density and temperature of the samples. The propagation properties such as attenuation and phase shift increased linearly as the moisture density of the food samples increased. As a measuring frequency of the moisture content, the X-band was recommended.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effect of Kami-chungsimyeunjatang on atopic dermatitis and to survey the general characteristics in children with atopic dermatitis. Methods 30 patients suffering from atopic dermatitis were treated with water extract of Kami-chungsimyeunjatang and the clinical evaluation were made by SCORAD index system before and after treatment. We also investigated some characteristics of improvements by using questionnaire. Results 1. Among 30 patients diagnosed as atopic dermatitis, 18 of the people were male(60%) and 12 of the people were female(40%). 2. Among 30 patients diagnosed as atopic dermatitis, 24 of them have family history of allergic disease(80%) and 18 of them have past history of allergic disease(60%). 3. The distribution of nursing method, 13 of them (44%) had powdered milk, 10(33%) of them had both breast milk and powdered milk, 7 of them (23%) had only breast milk. 4. 20 patients(67%) who have atopic dermatitis were less than 1 year old and 6 of them (20%) were between 1 or 2 years old. The initial lesion of 22(74%) of the patients were face and neck. 5. 9 patients(30%) of them answered that the symptoms are getting worse especially during the winter while 8 patients(25%)of them said summer. 6. The mean period of treatment value was $4.6{\pm}2.20$ months. 7. After treatment, there was statistically significant decrease(p<0.05) of extent, intensity, subjective symptoms and total SCORAD index score(p=0.001). 8. After treatment, 28(93%) of the patients were improved. Conclusions Considering the above results, we speculate that Kami-chungsimyeunjatang is effective in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, and further studies are needed with more clinical cases of hematological evaluation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1197-1204
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and sensory properties of milk with added powdered peanut sprout extract microcapsules (PPSEM) during the storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 16 d. The size of PPSEM varies from 3 to $10{\mu}m$ as observed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pH values of all samples ranged from 6.8 to 6.6 during the storage. Release of resveratrol for 0.5 and 1% PPSEM addition was about $0.89{\mu}l/ml$ and TBARS value found to lower during storage of 16 d. The $a^*$ and $b^*$ color values of high concentrations (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0%) of PPSEM-added milk samples were significantly increased during the storage (p<0.05). The sensory test revealed that the overall acceptability of PPSEM (0.5 and 1%) added milk sample were quite similar to that of control. Based on the data, it was concluded that the low concentrations of the microcapsules (0.5 and 1.0%, w/v) could be suitable to produce the microcapsule-supplemented milk without significant adverse effects on the physicochemical and sensory properties of milk.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권10호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2021

Vietnam has become one of the largest markets in Southeast Asia, with huge demand for many kinds of consumer goods, including dairy products. Although the domestic industry of producing and distributing milk has flourished dramatically in recent years, Vietnam still heavily hinges on dairy imports. The total value of milk products in 2020 exceeded 1 billion USD, leading to Vietnam being one of the 20 biggest importers of dairy milk globally. To explore this potential industry, we applied a multivariate linear regression model to investigate the milk consumption behaviors of Vietnamese adults. 2000 participants took part in our survey in which the products evaluated were Dielac Alpha - the most famous national powdered milk introduced in 2007 by Vinamilk. This product was designed for all ages, from children aged 0-6 to pregnant women or adults. The results indicate that the decision to purchase milk could be attributed to a host of factors. While price represents the most strongly influential factor, there might be variations according to consumer characteristics, namely age, marriage status, gender, and particular shopping behavior. From these findings, we propose some managerial implications for regulatory bodies and relevant enterprises to prepare appropriate policies and strategies for their business development.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.167.2-168
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• 2001

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권9호
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• pp.2787-2794
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• 2013

Cholesterol and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) may accumulate in foods of animal origin during processing or storage. An effective and sensitive analytical method was developed by increasing the UV absorption of compounds through derivatization by attaching a chromophore to the functional groups of cholesterols (cholesterol, 20-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol, cholestane-$3{\beta}$-$5{\alpha}$-$6{\beta}$-triol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and $5,6{\alpha}$-epoxycholesterol). The influences of the reaction time, volume of reaction solvent, amounts of derivatizing reagent, and extraction solvents were investigated, as they may influence the reaction and extraction yield. The derivatized COPs were analyzed simultaneously on a C18 column (2.1 mm i.d. ${\times}$ 100 mm length, $3.5{\mu}m$ particle size) using a gradient elution with water and acetonitrile. The derivatized COPs showed increased sensitivity and selectivity in HPLC/UV-Vis. The LOD and LOQ were in the concentration ranges of 0.018-0.55 mg/kg and 0.059-1.84 mg/kg from the powdered milk. And the accuracy and precision were 78.1-116.7% and 1.1-9.9%, respectively.