• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.404-411
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of freeze-dried cranberry powder on anti-inflammation and lipid profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats fed an atherogenic diet for 6 weeks. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats (6-weeks-old) were equally divided into the following five groups: 1) normal diet group+saline (NC); 2) atherogenic diet+saline (HFC); 3) atherogenic diet+LPS (HL); 4) atherogenic diet with 5% cranberry power+LPS (C5); 5) atherogenic diet with 10% cranberry power+LPS (C10). LPS (0.5 mg/kg) was injected into the abdominal cavities of rats 18 hours prior to sacrifice. At the end of the experimental period, we measured serum lipid profiles as well as levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. The mean serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level in C5 rats was significantly higher than that in NC and HL rats (P<0.05). The mean serum levels of CRP and IL-1${\beta}$ were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the cranberry powder groups compared to those in HL rats. Additionally, mean serum IL-6 levels tended to be lower in the cranberry groups than that in the HL group, whereas serum IL-10 and NO showed 29% and 88% higher mean values in the C5 group and 49% and 24% higher in the C10 group than those in the HL group, respectively. These results suggest that freeze-dried cranberry powder may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases by modifying serum lipids and the early inflammatory response.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.357-362
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• 2015

A novel $TiO_2$-Coconut Shell Powder Composite (TCSPS), prepared by the controlled sol-gel method with subsequent heat treatment, was evaluated as an innovative photocatalytic absorbent for the removal of methylene blue. Optimal preparation conditions of TCSPC were obtained by a response surface methodology and a central composite design model. As compared with the results obtained from one-factor-at-a-time experiments, the values were approximated to the nearest condition of these values and the following experimental parameters were set as the optimum : $600^{\circ}C$ calcination temperature and 20 g of coconut shell powder loading amount.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.32-37
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• 2008

A series of UV-curable powder coatings with different contents of photoinitiator (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%) were formulated and measured gel content, tensile strength of cured film. Heat-sensitive substrates such as MDF, plywood and PVC were coated UV-curable powder and cured coatings were measured physical properties by pendulum hardness tester, glossmeter, pull-off adhesion tester. With increasing photoinitiator content, adhesion force between coating and substrate decreased because of crosslinking density increasing. The results of pendulum hardness was not significantly changed but gloss was changed according to different substrates. Adhesion of UV-curable coatings was enough to apply for heat-sensitive substrates. From these results, we concluded that contents of photoinitiator was a effective factor in UV-curable powder coatings. UV-curable coatings was a portential candidate for heat-sensitive substrates.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.148-155
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acorn powder and starch on the blood parameters of mice fed a high-fat diet. The moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat contents of acorns were $37.99{\pm}0.37%$, $1.61{\pm}0.06%$, $4.36{\pm}0.18%$ and $3.22{\pm}0.15%$, respectively. Acorn powder and starch contains antioxidant minerals such as selenium and zinc. The iron content was significantly higher in acorn powder than in acorn starch (p<0.05). The total cholesterol concentration was $148.50{\pm}29.72mg/dL$ in the high-fat starch diet (HFS) group, while in the high-fat diet (HF) group it was $201.50{\pm}39.15mg/dL$ (p<0.05). Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the HFS group ($50.50{\pm}10.79mg/dL$) than in the HF group ($62.00{\pm}20.85mg/dL$; p<0.05). The serum $IL-1{\beta}$ levels in mice were not significantly different between the groups. IL-10 levels were higher in the HFP group than other groups. There is a need for strong recognition that acorns are good ingredients worldwide. It is required to develop various products using acorn powder and starch powder. There is also a need for a strategy to globalize food using acorns.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.803-811
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• 2002

In this study the wear behavior of ultra high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) filled with kaolin particles by different methods was investigated. UHMWPE/kaolin composites were prepared by two different methods: polymerization-filling and powder mixing. Particularly in a powder mixing method. Particle dispersion and wear property according to powder mining method were examined. It was found from wear test that filling of inorganic filler into UHMWPE by polymerization filling was more effective way than by powder mixing method in improving Wear resistance of UHMWPE. It was also confirmed that abrasive wear was dominant wear mechanism and particle dispersion in the composite as well as interface property was an important factor in controlling the wear behavior of the resulting composites.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.366-370
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• 1996

Gamma irradiation was applied to red ginseng powder for improving its hygienic quality 7.5 kGy of gamma irradiation completely eliminated the microorganisms contaminated in red ginseng powder. And there was no growth of microorganisms after six months of storage at room temperature. The molds isolated from red ginseng powder were identified as Pen. commune, Asp. niger, Asp. versicolor and Asp. Unguis, the conidia of which showed the decimal reduction dose ($D_{10}$ value) of 0.37-0.50 kGy, 0.24-0.31 kGy, 0.25-0.36 kGy and 0.28-0.41 kGy and inactivation factor of 5.0-6.5, 7.4-9.3, 6.5-9.1 and 6.1-8.4, respectively The radiosensitivity of identified molds' conidia decreased in medium containing red ginseng extract.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2016

Characteristics of self-propagating reaction for the preparation of ZnO powder from precursors composed of nitrate and citrate compounds were examined. The ratio of C/N was maintained in range of 0.7~0.8 to initiate the self-propagating reaction between the reducing citrate and oxidizing nitrate groups. The samples were decomposed thermally by using TGA. The sudden decomposition occurred in the range of X > 0.5 in a very short time with a very sharp decrease of mass, indicating that the self-propagating reaction would occur. Friedman, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall and Vyazovkin methods were employed to predict the activation energy, reaction order and frequency factor of the reaction rate in the rate determining step of X < 0.5 range. The activation energy increased with increasing fractional conversion in the range of 46~130 (kJ/min). The reaction order decreased in the range of 2.9~0.9, while the frequency factor increased in the range of 85~278 ($min^{-1}$), respectively, with increasing the rate of temperature increase.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2007

The most common technique to fabricate $MgB_2$ superconducting wire is by powder-in-tube (PIT) technique. Therefore, the starting powder for the processing of $MgB_2$ superconductors is an important factor influencing the superconducting properties and performance of the conductors. In this study, the influence of magnesium precursor powders and annealing temperatures on the transition temperatures ($T_c$) and critical current densities ($J_c$) of $MgB_2/Fe$ wires was investigated. All the $MgB_2/Fe$ wires were fabricated by in situ PIT process. It was found that higher $J_c$ was obtained for $MgB_2$ wires with smaller particle size of magnesium precursor powders. The $J_c$ also increases with decreasing annealing temperatures.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.254-261
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the unit process parameters in spherical $UO_2$ kernel preparation. Nearly perfect spherical $UO_3$ microspheres were obtained from the 0.6M of U-concentration in the broth solution, and the microstructure of the $UO_2$ kernel appeared the good results in the calcining, reducing, and sintering processes. For good sphericity, high density, suitable microstructure, and no-crack final $UO_2$ microspheres, the temperature control range in calcination process was $300{\sim}450^{\circ}C$, and the microstructure, the pore structure, and the density of $UO_2$ kernel could be controlled in this temperature range. Also, the concentration changes of the ageing solution in aging step were not effective factor in the gelation of the liquid droplets, but the temperature change of the ageing solution was very sensitive for the final ADU gel particles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.54-62
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• 2013

In this study, a mock powder room was installed with variable LED lighting environments in order to conduct the experiments. The experimental conditions include luminaire type, illuminance ratio, vertical illuminance and color temperatures. The evaluation methods used were the Semantic Differential Method and a subjective evaluation on activities through observation. The SD evaluation result factor analysis categorizes ideas into three factors: brightness, emotion, and glare. The vertical bracket or the combined luminaire (luminous panel+ Vertical bracket) has better brightness than luminous panel. A vertical illuminance of 500lx is not significantly difference as compared to 600lx, allowing 500lx to be considered standard. The emotional atmosphere is evaluated as being better at lower color temperature. The luminous panel is the best for reducing glare while the vertical bracket is the worst. The best conditions differ according to the illuminance ratio of the luminous panel and vertical bracket. In the subjective evaluation (satisfaction with lighting environment, suitability to activity) the combined luminaire and 4000K received the best evaluation.