• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.471-475
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• 2004

Tamsulosin has been frequently used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. To avoid dose-dependent side effects of tamsulosin upon oral administration, the development of sustained-release delivery system is required, that can maintain therapeutic drug levels for a longer period of time. The aim of this study was therefore to formulate sustained-release tamsulosin matrix tablets and assess their formulation variables. We designed enteric coated sustained-release tamsulosin matrices to fulfill above statement. Aqueous microchannels in the enteric film need to be formed in order to obtain tamsulosin release even in an acidic environment such as gastric region. In the sustained-release tamsulosin matrix, low viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose was used as a rate controller. Povidone K30 was also added to the matrices to facilitate water uptake so that a decrease in the release rate of tamsulosin as time elapses was prevented, possibly leading to pseudo zero-order release of the drug. The matrices were enteric-coated with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), along with povidone K30 as an aqueous microchannel former. With the aqueous microchannels formed within the enteric film, tamsulosin could be released in an acidic condition. The release of tamsulosin decreased with increasing thickness of HPMCP membrane while the release rates of tamsulosin from those having different HPMCP thickness in pH 7.2 aqueous media were not considerably different, indicating that the enteric film was promptly dissolved at pH 7.2. These results clearly suggest that the sustained-release oral delivery system for tamsulosin could be designed with satisfying drug release profile approved by the KFDA.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

To increase the solubility of quercetin, which is a practically insoluble flavonoid of Ginkgo biloba leaf, the effects of nonaqueous vehicles. Their cosolvents, water-sol uble polymers and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) were observed. Polyethylene glycols, diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, and their cosolvents with water showed a good solvency toward quercetin. Also the aqueous solutions of povidone, copolyvidone and Cremophor RH 40 was effective in solubilizing quercetin. Complex formation of quercetin with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD), dimethyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextiin (DMCD), 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (SBCD) in water was investigated by solubility method at $37^{\circ}C$. The addition of CDs in water markedly increased the solubility of quercetin with increasing the concentration. AL type phase solubility diagrams were obtained with CDs studied. Solubilizaton efficiency by CDs was in the order of SBCD >> DMCD > HPCD > ${\beta}$-CD. The dissolution rates of quercetin from solid dispersions with copolyvidone, povidone and HPCD were much faster than those of drug alone and corresponding physical mixtures, and exceeded the equilibrium solubility (3.03${\pm}1.72{\mu}$g/ml). The permeation of quercetin through duodenal mucosa did not occur even in the presence of enhancers such as bile salts, but the permeation was observed when the mucus layer was scraped off. This was due to the fact that quercetin had a strong binding to mucin ($58.5{\mu}$g/mg mucin). However rutin was permeable to the duodenal mucosa. The addition of enhancer significantly increased the permeation of rutin in the order of sodium glycocholate.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2010

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of mechanical irrigation in combination with mouthwash of antimicrobial agents on salivary bacterial counts. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with a randomized study employing a panel of 40 healthy volunteers (20 males and 20 females) between the age of 26 and 32 years. Volunteers were randomly put in one of four treatment groups. In the first group, 0.2 mL of non-stimulatory saliva was collected from every subjective person. Then, saliva was collected after rinsing with chlorhexidine (CHX) for 1 minute. In the second group, non-stimulatory saliva was collected, and then saliva was collected after rinsing with CHX and irrigation with saline. In the third and fourth groups, the same procedures as the first and second groups were performed with povidone iodine (PVI) instead of CHX. All of these samples were cultured for 48 hours aerobically. The reduction rates of colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated for each group. The reduction rate between each group was tested statistically using student t-test. Results: Using CHX in combination with saline irrigation showed a significant decrease of the salivary bacterial CFU when compared with only using CHX.(P<0.01) And using PVI with saline irrigation showed a little decrease of the CFU when compared with only using PVI, but there was no statistical significance.(P>0.01) Conclusion: It was concluded that the CHX or PVI used with saline irrigation made the salivary bacterial counts reduced more than when CHX or PVI was used alone as an oral antiseptic agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.124-130
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• 2001

The in vitro activities of 2,2'-dipyridyl, an iron-chelator, against clinical isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Gardnerella vaginalis was evaluated and compared with those of four other vaginal suppositories, ornidazole, clotrimazole, povidone-iodine, and $Cenacert^{\circledR}$ (Methylbezethonium Chloride mixed with 9-aminoacrydine undecylenate and hydrochloric acid N-myristyl-3-hydroxy butyl amine). The 2,2'-dipyridyl killed T. vaginalis and G. vaginalis at concentrations of $410\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $205\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, however, ths agent was less active against C. albicans (80% of which was inhiited at $410\;{\mu}g/ml$). The inhibition of these three pathogens by 2,2'-dipyridyl was similar to clotrimazole. In addition, the effect of 2,2'-dipyridyl on the ultrastructure of T. vaginalis, C. albicans, an G. vaginalis was examined. Transmission electron microscopy indicated that 2,2'-dipyridyl induced modifications of the cellular contents and cell envolope concumitant with the degradation of the three pathogens. These results suggest that 2,2'-dipyridyl has an inhibitory effect on C. albicans and G. vaginalis, as well as T. vaginalis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.473-475
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• 2007

A 11-year-old gelding Thoroughbred horse was presented with a history of unilateral nasal discharge of right side. The horse was diagnosed as maxillary sinusitis based on blood examination and radiography. The horse was treated with bone flap of right maxillary sinuses. Abscess of maxillary sinus was drained and irrigated with antibiotic-saline and povidone iodine solution. After surgical procedure, nebulization and medication applied by the result of antibiotic sensitivity test. After treatment for two weeks, the patient was recovered completely.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.358-363
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• 2019

An 11-year-old, female Miniature Schnauzer dog was presented with recurrent skin ulcer of the second metatarsal region in the right hindlimb following metatarsal resection. Physical examination revealed an ulcerated and bleeding lesion of the second metatarsal region in the right hindlimb. Impression smears of the ulcerative lesion confirmed numerous degenerated neutrophils and mixed bacterial infection. Initially, the dog was treated with antibiotics and povidone-iodine flushing for the control of deep pyoderma. Because the skin lesion had been deteriorated over time despite of topical and systemic treatments, skin biopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination indicated squamous cell carcinoma based on the features of multiple nests of squamous neoplastic cells and mitotic figures. Although amputation of the right hindlimb was performed, the dog was expired five months later because of tumor metastasis to the lung and the popliteal lymph node. This is the first case report describes malignant digital squamous cell carcinoma in Korea.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1546-1552
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• 2018

The polymer nanocomposite as a gate dielectric film was prepared via sol-gel method. The formation of crosslinked structure among nanofillers and polymer matrix was proved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) results showed significant increase in the thermal stability of the nanocomposite with respect to that of pure polymer. The nanocomposite films deposited on the p- and n-type Si substrates formed very smooth surface with rms roughness of 0.045 and 0.058 nm respectively. Deconvoluted $Si_{2s}$ spectra revealed the domination of the Si-OH hydrogen bonds and Si-O-Si covalence bonds in the structure of the nanocomposite film deposited on the p- and n-type Si semiconductor layers respectively. The fabricated n-channel field-effect-transistor (FET) showed the low threshold voltage and leakage currents because of the stronger connection between the nanocomposite and n-type Si substrate. Whereas, dominated hydroxyl groups in the nanocomposite dielectric film deposited on the p-type Si substrate increased trap states in the interface, led to the drop of FET operation.

• Advances in materials Research
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.183-197
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• 2014

Copolymers of gelatin and poly (vinyl alcohol), (PVA) grafted by acrylic acid (AAc) with excellent water absorption and retention abilities under neutral conditions were successfully synthesized using $^{60}Co$ gamma radiations in presence of ammonium persulphate (APS), as water soluble initiator and sodium bicarbonate ($NaHCO_3$) as foaming agent. The optimum synthesis conditions pertaining to maximum swelling percentage were evaluated as a function of gelatin/PVA ratio, amount of water, concentration of APS, $NaHCO_3$, monomer concentration and total irradiation dose. Maximum percent swelling (1694.59%) of the copolymer, gelatin-co-PVA, was obtained at optimum $[APS]=2.92{\times}10^{-1}mol/L$, $[NaHCO_3]=7.94{\times}10^{-2}mol/L$ and 1.5 mL of water at total dose of 31.104 kGy while in case of grafted copolymer, (gelatin-co-PVA)-g-poly(AAc), maximum percent swelling (560.86%) was obtained using $8.014{\times}10^{-1}mol/L$ of AAc in 9 mL water with 31.104 kGy preirradiation dose. The pristine and grafted copolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The copolymers loaded with an antiseptic, Povidone, were used as wound dressing materials for wounded gastrocnemius muscle of mice and the results exhibit that (gelatin-co-PVA)-g-poly (AAc) copolymer is a potent wound dressing material as compared to the copolymer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.272-278
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• 2006

This study was carried out to determine therapeutic the effect of ozonated water therapy on bovine pododermatitis. In addition, bactericidal effect of ozonated water on etiological agent of bovine pododermatitis was examined. The pathohistological examination for the pododermatitis, according to application with ozonated water and ozone ointment was investigated. Thirty healthy cattle were divided two groups(each of 15) : control group(povidone group), treatment group(ozone solution group). Various parameters were evaluated in terms of the lameness score, swelling score, lesion score, WBC count, neutrophil count, pathohistological finding, and antimicrobial action. The decrease of lameness and lesion score were shown in hoof lesions on 14 days after application of ozonated water. Significant decrease of swelling was shown in hoof lesions on 14 days 1Corresponding author after application of ozonated water(p<0.01). In hematological findings, WBC count revealed values within normal range. The number of neutrophils was slightly higher than that of normal, however, this was improved on 14 days after application of ozonated water. In pathohistological findings, recovery was rapid macroscopically and microscopically in the treatment with ozonated water on the hoof lesions and ozonated water was effective. In antimicobial action, bactericidal effect was observed in treatment with ozonated water on the hoof lesions and ozonated water was effective.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.473-475
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• 2015

A 12-year-old intact male, Alaskan Malamute dog, which lives in the countryside, was presented with inflammation and pain around perineal areas. Thorough examination revealed maggots and punched-out round holes lesion around the perineal region. Complete blood counts (CBC) and serum biochemical examinations showed no remarkable findings except mild anemia and mild thrombocytosis. The diagnosis was easily done, based on clinical signs and maggots identification. Cleaning with chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine lavage and hair clipping away from the lesions were performed soon after presentation. SNAP 4Dx Test (IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME, USA) was performed to rule out other vector-borne diseases since the ticks were found on the clipped area and vector-borne pathogens. The test result was negative. The dog in this case was treated with ivermectin (300 mcg/kg SC) one time. Also, treatments with amoxicillin clavulanate (20 mg/kg PO, BID) was established to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Then, myiasis resolved with 2 weeks and the affected area was healed.