• Title/Summary/Keyword: potassium nitrate

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THE CLINICAL EVALUATION OF POTASSIUM NITRATE DENTIFRICE FOR DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY (상아질 지각과민증에 대한 Potassium Nitrate 치약의 임상적 평가)

  • Han, Soo-Boo;Park, Sang-Hyun;Moon, Hyock-Soo
    • Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.196-204
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    • 1994
  • The purpose of this clinical trial was to study the effectiveness of 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice as a daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Thirty subjects with dentinal hypersensitivity were included in a 4-week, double-blind, parallel, comparative study. Stimuli used included mechanical, cold water and compressed air blasts. A subjective assessment of the degree of hypersensitivity for each stimulus was recorded. The results indicated that 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice, in comparision with a conventional fluoride dentifrice, reduced dentinal hypersensitivity to a significant degree. The therapeutic response to potassium nitrate was apparent within 2 weeks and increased continuously for the length of the study period. We conclude that 5% potassium nitrate dentifrice is an effective agent for the daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

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Sensing Nitrate and Potassium Ions in Soil Extracts Using Ion-Selective Electrodes (이온선택성 전극을 이용한 토양추출물의 질산 및 칼륨이온 측정)

  • Kim, H.J.;Sudduth Kenneth A.;Hummel John W.
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.31 no.6 s.119
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    • pp.463-473
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    • 2006
  • Automated sensing of soil macronutrients would allow more efficient mapping of soil nutrient spatial variability for variable-rate nutrient management. The capabilities of ion-selective electrodes for sensing macronutrients in soil extracts can be affected by the presence of other ions in the soil itself as well as by high concentrations of ions in soil extractants. Adoption of automated, on-the-go sensing of soil nutrients would be enhanced if a single extracting solution could be used for the concurrent extraction of multiple soil macronutrients. This paper reports on the ability of the Kelowna extractant to extract macronutrients (N, P, and K) from US Corn Belt soils and whether previously developed PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes could determine the nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil extracts obtained using the Kelowna extractant. The extraction efficiencies of nitrate-N and phosphorus obtained with the Kelowna solution for seven US Corn Belt soils were comparable to those obtained with IM KCI and Mehlich III solutions when measured with automated ion and ICP analyzers, respectively. However, the potassium levels extracted with the Kelowna extractant were, on average, 42% less than those obtained with the Mehlich III solution. Nevertheless, it was expected that Kelowna could extract proportional amounts of potassium ion due to a strong linear relationship ($r^2$ = 0.96). Use of the PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes proved to be feasible in measuring nitrate-N and potassium ions in Kelowna - soil extracts with almost 1 : 1 relationships and high coefficients of determination ($r^2$ > 0.9) between the levels of nitrate-N and potassium obtained with the ion-selective electrodes and standard analytical instruments.

Conversion of Potassium Chloride to Potassium Nitrate by the Reaction of Nitrogen Dioxide (Potassium Chloride로부터 Nitrogen Dioxide 반응에 의한 Potassium Nitrate로의 전환)

  • Yim, Going
    • The Journal of Natural Sciences
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 1996
  • The direct conversion of solid potassium chloride to solid potassium nitrate by the reaction of the chloride with gaseous nitrogen dioxide is suggested for the preparation of potassium nitrate. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the free energy change is favorable at ordinary temperatures and that the reaction is exothermic. Experiments are described in which it was found that the reaction takes place at ordinary temperatures in the presence of a small amount of water with good yield. Nitrosyl chloride is produced simultaneously.

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Effect of Exogenous Potassium on the Reduction in Tar, Nicotine and Carbon Monoxide Deliveries in the Mainstream smoke of Cigarettes (가리염 첨가가 궐련 주류연중 타르, 니코틴, 일산화탄소 이행량에 미치는 영향)

  • 안기영;김천석
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.62-67
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    • 1995
  • Deliveries of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide in mainstream smoke decreased with increment of exogenous potassium content of tobacco. Potassium malate was more effective than potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium citrate and potassium oxalate for the reduction of carbon monoxide, but potassium nitrate was more effective than potassium palate, potassium carbonat, potassium citrate and potassium oxalate for the reduction of carbon in the case of nicotine. Puff count and burning rate were slightly changed with added potassium salts.

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Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Sources on the Growth and Quality of Zoysia japonica Steud. (질소 및 가리 급원이 들잔디(Zoysia japonica Steud.)의 생육 및 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 황규성;이용범;한동욱
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1991
  • The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate) and potassium sources (potassium chloride, potassium sulphate) on the growth and quality of Zoysia japonica Steud. This experiment was conducted at Seoul City University turf field from 1988 to 1989. The results of this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. Urea and Ammonium sulphate resulted in superior clipping yield compared to ammonium nitrate. The growth of rhizome and stolon increased significantly with urea forms, but ammonium sulphate treated plots exhibited the highest the growth rate of root. 2. Ammonium sulphate showed best turf color rating while ammonium nitrate resulted in the poorest. Prolongation of the green period showed longer in ammonium sulphate and urea treated plots than ammoium nitrate. 3. Urea and ammonium sulphate exhibited superior visible quality and shoot density compared to ammonium nitrate. 4. The uptake of mineral nutrient showed the highest concentration with urea plots. Surface soil pH was allowed to become slightly acid with the ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate treatments, while the application of N and K sources did not cause significant differences in mineral element content in soil.

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Application of Ion-Selective Electrodes to Measure Ionic Concentrations of Macronutrients in Hydroponics (수경재배 시 다량 이온 농도 측정을 위한 이온 선택성 전극의 응용)

  • Kim, Min-Su;Park, Tu-San;Cho, Seong-In
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • v.32 no.1 s.120
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    • pp.37-43
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to investigate the applicability of PVC membrane-based ion-selective electrodes for macronutrients (K, Ca, and N) by measuring of potassium, calcium, nitrate ions in hydroponic nutrient solution. The capabilities of two ion-selective membranes with varying chemical compositions for each ion were evaluated in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and lifetime to choose sensing elements suitable for measuring typical ranges of nutrient concentrations in hydroponic solutions. The selected calcium and nitrate ion-selective membranes showed effectively sensitive responses to calcium and nitrate ions with lifetimes of 25 and 15 days, respectively. The addition of a cation additive to the potassium membrane cocktail allowed its sensitivity to be increased whereas its lifetime was reduced from 30 days to 10 days.

Changes in the Nitrate Assimilation and Ascorbic Acid Content of Spinach Plants Treatmented with Nutrient Solutions Containing High Nitrogen and Low Potassium (고질소 및 저 칼륨 양액처리시 시금치내의 비타민C및 질소 대사의 변화)

  • Park, Yang-Ho;Seo, Beom-Seok
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.301-306
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    • 2009
  • This study was conducted to determine the physiological differences betweenhealthy and wilted plants with respect to nitrate assimilation and ascorbic acid content. Wilting was artificially induced in spinach plants by treating the seeds with nutrient solution containing high nitrogen and low potassium. The plants were cultured in different plots 4 types of media: 1N-1P-1K (control), 6N-1P-0K (0K), 6N-1P-0.5K (0.5K), and 6N-1P-2K (2K). The rate of wilting among the plants was as follows: control, 0%; 2K, 10%; 0.5K, 40%; and 0K, 70%. This shows that under high nitrogen conditions, the lower the amount of potassium provided, higher was the rate of wilting. There were no differences in plant growth among the plants treated with different levels of potassium under high nitrogen conditions.The nitrate content in both the leaves and the roots was higher in plants grown under high nitrogen media than those in the control. Furthermore, the nitrate level decreased with increasing potassium concentration. The ascorbic acid content of spinach under high nitrogen conditions was lower than those of the control.

Effects of Urea, Ammonium Nitrate and Calcium Silicate on the Absorption, Translocation of Potassium and Yield of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Perkinnensis, Var. Samjin) (요소, 질산암모늄 및 규회석분말이 칼리의 흡수 및 배추의 수량에 미친 영향)

  • Oh, Wang-Keun;Kim, Jae-Young;Kim, Sung-Bae
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.337-340
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    • 1987
  • This experiment was conducted on relatively acid sandy loam soil at Choong-ju campus, Kon-kuk University aimed at clarifying the influence of urea and ammonium nitrate on the effect of potassium to Chinese cabbage in soils either limed or unlimed with calcium silicate. The results are summarized as follows: a. Calcium silicate application enhanced cabbage growth and under this condition, the difference in effect of urea and ammonium nitrate can hardly be observed. b. Without calcium silicate application, the response of Chinese cabbage to ammonium nitrate was more distinctive than that to urea. This was partially attributable to the greater use of soil born potassium at ammonium nitrate treatment. c. Added potassium was not only affective in increasing cabbage yield but also contributed in improving quality of cabbage by producing greater edible portion of the cabbage. Such K effect was particularly pronounced on the acid soil where calcium silicate application was neglected. d. Potassium was easily translocated from outer leaves to inner leaves and thus, the concentration of K content in outer leaves played as a limiting factor of cabbage yield. Less than 20 me/100gr of K content in harvested dried outer leaves resulted in a linear reduction of cabbage yield.

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Study on Manufacturing Process of Potassium Nitrate using the Natural Materials in Joseon Dynasty (천연물을 이용한 조선시대의 염초 제조공정에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jun-Soo;Kim, Ji-Hun;Jang, Mi-Kyeng
    • Explosives and Blasting
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2015
  • This study was performed to investigate the manufacturing process of the Yeomcho(potassium nitrate), a necessary raw material for making gunpowder using soils and ashes by our ancestor. 10 types of soils including underfloor soil and 6 kinds of ashes including mugwort ash were collected, referencing the historical record. The ionic components extracted from the soils and ashes were analyzed by ICP(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer) and IC(ion chromatograph). Nitrate ions and potassium ions were dominantly contained in soils and ashes, respectively. In particular, nitrate ions were found in the highest lebels in underfloor soil which often has much exposure to human living environments and accumulated fine organic matter. Potassium ions contained in ash was affected significantly by the type of plant and the growth environments and the measured levels were the highest in mugwort ashes. Yeomcho of 68% purity was obtained from the soil and ash mixture of 1:1 and thid purity was improved by about 14% by fractional crystallization method.

Effect of Potassium Nitrate on the Biochemical Parameters of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

  • Goudar, K.S.;Kaliwal, B.B.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.93-96
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    • 2001
  • The effect of supplementation with potassium nitrate on biochemical constituents was analyzed following treatment of last larval stadium. The fat body glycogen and haemolymph trehalosre significantly increased in all the treated groups. The fat body and haemolymph protein also increased significantly in all the treated groups except 500 ${\mu}g$/ml where increased fat body protein and decreased haemolymph protein were not significant. The total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids of the fat body increased significantly in all the groups except 50 and 300 ${\mu}g$/ml where the fat body phospholipids increased but the increase was not significant. However the total lipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids are significantly decreased in 500 ${\mu}g$/ml treated group when compared with that of the carrier control.

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