• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2007

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2002

The present studies were carried out to examine the effects of exogenous oxytocin(OT) on plasma, uterine and placenta of estradiol-17$\beta$, progesterone, prostaglandin F$_2$$_{\alpha}$ (PGF$_2$$_{\alpha}$), Prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) and OT receptor concentrations in pregnant rats. Pregnant rats received an injection of exogenous OT on days 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 of pregnancy and day 1 of postpartum. Concentrations of plasma estradiol-17 $\beta$ after OT injection started to increase after day 18 and peaked on day 22 of pregnancy but decreased on day 1 of postpartum. Plasma progesterone concentrations declined gradually from day 18 of pregnancy and decreased more rapidly until postpartum 1 day. Concentrations of estradiol-17$\beta$in uterine tissues after OT injection were sharply increased from day 20 to 22 of pregnancy and progestrone concentrations were peaked on day 16 and decreased rapidly from day 16 to 20 and maintained the same level until day 1 of postpartum. Uterine concentrations of PGF$_2$$_{\alpha}$ and PGE$_2$increased gradually until day 20 and peaked on day 22 of pregnancy but showed a marked decrease on day 1 of postpartum. Concentrations of PGF$_2$$_{\alpha}$ in placental tissues increased rapidly from day 14 of pregnancy and decreased sharply on day 1 of postpartum. Concentrations of PGE$_2$increased gradually after day 14 and peaked on day 20 of pregnancy. The concentration of OT receptor in uterus was significantly elevated from day 20 and rose to maximum on day 22 of pregnancy. These findings show that OT suppress the concentration of progestrone and stimulate productions of estradiol-17 $\beta$, PGF$_2$$_{\alpha}$, PGE$_2$ and oxytocin receptor concentrations in pregnant rats.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.538-549
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• 2002

This study was designed to test the effects of a full body massage on uterine contraction, length of labor, type of delivery, and drug intervention for primipara during labor. Data were collected using a quasi-experiment method (nonequivalent control group, pre-post test design) from November 1, 2001 to July 31, 2002. The subjects of this experiment consisted of 28 women in the experimental group and 29 in the control group, out of 57 primipara hospitalized at the U OB & GYN hospital in Inchon. The experimental group was given a 20 minute full body massage for each of the three delivery phases (latent, active, and transition). The control group was given conventional delivery care. Three (3) parameters were analyzed in this experiment. (1) The interval, duration, and strength of uterine contraction, using an electric tocodynamometer (2) The elapsed time for stage 1 and stage 2 labor. (3) The types of deliveries and drug interventions, using postpartum medical records The data collected were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and $x^2$ test of the SPSS program. The results of the experiment are as follows: 1) Uterine contraction interval was significantly reduced (F=3.210, p=.050). Duration of uterine contraction showed significant increase only during the transition phase (t=-2.319, p=.023). Strength of uterine contraction showed no significant difference. 2) Total length of labor was significantly shortened (t=-5.245, p=.000). The length of 1st stage labor was significantly shortened (t=-5.164, p=.000), with latent phase showing (t=-4.709, p=.000), active phase (t=-2.973, p=.005), and transition phase (t=-2.031, p=.047). The length of 2nd stage labor showed no significant difference. 3) The number of natural deliveries were significantly increased ($x^2$=13.127, p=.004). 4) The number of drug interventions were significantly fewer ($x^2$= 4.493, p=.034). In conclusion, this study shows that a full body massage has a significantly positive effect on uterine contraction interval, length of labor, type of delivery, and drug intervention. Therefore, this study suggests that a full body massage be used clinically to help primipara during labor.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.79-96
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was to investigate clinical usage of Guibi-tang based on actual application in obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: This study investigated the number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang-gami-bang and what herbal medicines were adjusted according to their chief complaint from January 1st, 2007 to August 31th, 2008. Results: The number of patients who were prescribed Guibi-tang for obstetrics and gynecological diseases at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology was 721. Guibi-tang has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, postpartum general weakness, postpartum pantalgia, perimenopausal symptoms and postmenopausal syndrome most frequently. And Guibi-tang has been widely used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases such as general weakness after abortion or gynecological surgery, pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, uterine myoma, endometriosis, infertility, premenstrual syndrome, urinary incontinence and breast disease. Conclusions: Guibi-tang can be used in obstetric and gynecologic diseases as described in classical oriental medicine literatures, and it is necessary to research clinical usage of Guibi-tang through randomized controlled trial.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.426-432
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• 2015

This study compared blood metabolites during peri- and postpartum periods among cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis and cows without endometritis. Blood samples from 207 Holstein dairy cows were collected at 4 weeks prepartum, just after calving, and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postpartum to measure serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), total cholesterol, albumin, urea nitrogen, ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase, glucose, and phosphorus. Clinical endometritis was diagnosed by the observation of vaginal discharge (> 50% pus) and subclinical endometritis was diagnosed by the evaluation of uterine cytology (> 18% neutrophils) at 4 weeks postpartum. Cows were divided into three groups based on the presence or absence of clinical or subclinical endometritis: the control group (n = 104), the clinical endometritis group (n = 66), and the subclinical endometritis group (n = 37). Calcium and magnesium concentrations were lower in the clinical endometritis group than in the control and subclinical endometritis groups throughout the study period (p < 0.05 to 0.0001), whereas the NEFAs concentration was higher in the clinical endometritis group than in the control group throughout the study period (p < 0.01). The total cholesterol concentration was lower in the clinical endometritis group than in the control and subclinical endometritis groups throughout the pre- and postpartum periods (p < 0.05 to 0.001). The albumin concentration was lower in the clinical endometritis group than in the control and subclinical endometritis groups during the postpartum period (p < 0.05 to 0.001). The urea nitrogen concentration was lower in the clinical endometritis group than in the control and subclinical endometritis groups at 4 and 6 weeks postpartum (p < 0.01). At 1 week postpartum, the BHBA concentration was higher in the clinical endometritis group than in the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the AST concentration was higher in the clinical endometritis and subclinical endometritis groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, lower serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, total cholesterol, albumin, and urea nitrogen, but higher concentrations of NEFAs, BHBA, and AST during the postpartum period were associated with the incidence of clinical endometritis, indicating the importance of balanced nutrition during the transition period.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.173-183
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to examine current status of women's health nursing practicum and identify necessary core nursing skills in this practicum area. Moreover, one syllabus and evaluation sheets for women's health nursing clinical practicum at one university were reviewed. Methods: A survey design was used with 81 educators who were teaching maternity or women's health nursing and its practicum. Results: Most clinical sites for practicum were university hospitals (43.0%), women's hospitals (32.7%), or general hospitals (17.3%); but the majority (77.8%) of educators expressed difficulty in finding appropriate practicum places. Common teaching and learning methods were clinical guides for practicum (44.6%), e-learning content (30.2%), and simulation (23.6%). Core nursing skills for this practicum included assessment of stages of labor, preparation of uterine-fetal monitoring devices and interpretation of results, monitoring uterus and fetal activity, and performing Leopold's maneuver. For postpartum care, the following were included; postpartum fundal massage, assessment of breast engorgement, fundus height, and episiotomy sites, inserting urinary catheter, and teaching the use of patient-controlled analgesia. Conclusion: To improve the quality of clinical practicum, development of a clear course syllabus, standardized clinical guidebook, and core nursing skills is required and should be shared with all relevant nurse educators.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.369-375
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• 2003

The ultrasonography was performed in 77,924 subestrous dairy cows from 680 dairy farms at 57 districts. The cows were examined for confirmation of resumption of ovaries and uterus after 30 days postpartum, for early pregnancy diagnosis after 30 days post-insemination, confirmation of pregnancy at 8 month post-insemination, and for diagnosis of reproductive dysfunctions, respectively. The results of reproductive examination by ultrasonography in 77,924 dairy cows were ovarian disorders 35,452 (46.8%), uterine disorders 10,721 (13.8%), pregnancy and pregnant failure 24,044 (30.8%), adhesion of reproductive tracts 167 (0.2%), freematins 13 (0.01%) and others 6,527 (8.4%) cows, respectively. The 13,732 (49.6%) cows out of 27,694 cows were treated for silent heat or error of estrus detection, 3,473 (12.5%) cows for follicular cysts, 815 (3.0%) cows for luteal cysts, 606 (2.2%) cows for inactive ovaries, 4 (0.01%) cows for granulosa cell tumors, and 6,455 (23.3%) cows for endometritis, respectively. The indices of reproductive efficiencies before (2001-08-10) and after (2003-07-20) periodical examination of reproductive status were as follows; the mean intercalving interval were shortened from 471 days to 383 days, the mean interval calving to conception were shortened from 187 days to 99 days, the mean interval calving to first service were shortened from 105 days to 67 days, the mean cows showing heat by 60 days postpartum were increased from 33% to 89%, the mean conception rate to first service were increased from 43% to 68%, and the mean service per conception were shortened from 2.6 times to 1.8 times, respectively. These results suggest that periodical examination of reproductive status would be useful for the improvement of the reproductive performance in dairy cows.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.305-309
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• 2013

Pyometra is a diestrual, chronic disease process with acute manifestations in the adult, ovary-intact bitch. Serosal inclusion cysts develop during postpartum involution as mesothelium becomes trapped during rapid uterine contraction. A 10-year-old golden retriever bitch presented with lethargy, anorexia, tachypnea, abdominal distention, and abnormal vaginal discharge. Radiographic, ultrasound, and laboratory examinations were performed. On ultrasound examination, the uterus was distended by fluid containing echogenic "snow storm" particles; cystic structures containing anechoic fluid were found adjacent to the body of the uterus. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and anemia were diagnosed by a complete blood cell count. The initial diagnosis was pyometra, and an ovariohysterectomy was performed. Macroscopically, the uterine body and horns were expanded and partially adhered to the abdominal wall; numerous cysts containing clear fluid protruded over the entire surface of the uterus. Escherichia coli that was sensitive to enrofloxacin, was cultured from the lumen of the uterus. Histopathological assessment confirmed a final diagnosis of pyometra and serosal inclusion cysts of the uterus.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect intra-uterine infusion of lipopolysaccharides(LPS) on the reproductive performance of dairy cows with retained placenta, The LPS isolated from Bacteroids helcogenes and Fusobacterium varium was injected at the rate of 100 ${\mu}g$ with 30 ml of phospahte buffer saline in each cow(n=33) at day 20 postpartum. Twelve cows with retained placenta were not heated with LPS and served as a control. Conception rate after first service was 0% and 33,3% for control and LPS groups, respectively. Service period was $149.6{\pm}34.3\;and\;53.0{\pm}12.5$ days for control and LPS groups, respectively(p<0.05). Services per conception was $3.6{\pm}0.8\;and\;2.1{\pm}0.3$ for control and LPS groups, respectively(p<0.05). In conclusion, intra-uterine infusion of LPS in cows with retained placenta can reduce the service period and services per conception. Reduced service period can improve the dairy farm profitability by decreasing cost un feeding and management of cows.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.127-142
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends using manual therapy in obstetrics and gynecological diseases. Methods: We searched for studies that performed manual therapy on diseases related to obstetrics and gynecology. All relevant papers were selected and extracted to be analyzed. Results: 12 Randomized controlled trials, 8 cases, 3 pilot studies, 3 non-comparative studies, and 1 before-after comparative study were collected. The study subjects, results, techniques of manual therapy used were analyzed. There were studies related to pregnancy-related symptoms, postpartum pain, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, sexual dysfunction, and childbirth. Conclusions: It has been found that various manual therapies can be used for obstetrics and gynecological diseases.