• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.380-383
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• 2009

Osteoma is a slow growing benign osteogenic lesion characterized by proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. Osteomas may be classified as peripheral, central, or extraskeletal. Central osteoma arise from the endosteum, pheripheral osteoma from the periosteum, and extraskeletal soft tissue osteoma within a muscle. Peripheral osteoma of the mandible is uncommon. They manifest as asymptomatic, fixed tumors of bony-hard consistency that may be sessile or pedunculated. Radiographically, a well circumscribed round or oval radiopaque mass is seen. Here, we report a case of a huge solitary peripheral osteoma of the buccal posterior mandible in a 40-year-old woman who was otherwise in good health. The patient visited at the dental clinic because the lesion makes esthetic problem. Treatment was performed by surgical esthetic recontouring and histological examination. The patient remains free of recurrence after surgical esthetic recontouring operation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association for Survey Research Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.131-159
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• 2006

This paper consider multinomial group testing which is concerned with classification each of N given units into one of k disjoint categories. In this paper, we propose exact Bayesian, approximate Bayesian, bootstrap methods for estimating individual category proportions using the multinomial group testing model proposed by Bar-Lev et al (2005). By the comparison of Mcan Squre Error (MSE), it is shown that the exact Bayesian method has a bettor efficiency and consistency than maximum likelihood method. We suggest an approximate Bayesian approach using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for posterior computation. We derive exact credible intervals based on the exact Bayesian estimators and present confidence intervals using the bootstrap and MCMC. These intervals arc shown to often have better coverage properties and similar mean lengths to maximum likelihood method already available. Furthermore the proposed models are illustrated using data from a HIV blooding test study throughout California, 2000.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

The main purpose of this study was to speculate how psychological state of adolescent students has changed their school uniform style. For the study, the distinctive characteristics during adolescence stage were theoretically examined. Through the examination, this study found four interests in fashions and school uniforms. For the purpose, this study conducted interviews with grade 2 students in a total of six coeducation secondary schools in Seoul, Gyeongki and Gwangju using a questionnaire. The survey period ranged from December 15 2008 to December 24 2008 and a total of 1196 were used for a final analysis. This study extracted factors as Principal Components Analysis and used Varimax for orthogonal rotation analysis. To measure confidence, it used Cronbach's a test to item internal consistency. For data analysis, it used SPSS WIN 12.0 and for hypothesis analysis, frequency analysis, cross analysis, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA were conducted. For posterior analysis, it used Sheffe test. The results are as follows: First, the interests in fashion and school uniforms differed depending on their own tastes, but these interests were more influenced by environment around school. Secondly, the boy subjects were more aggressive towards repairs their uniforms than the girls, which suggested that boys had stronger desire to show themselves to others and more satisfaction from repairs their uniforms than the girls. Based on the results, this study concluded as follows: We should pay attention to preventing deformation in original design of school uniforms while expanding options to have variable designs or to change detailed part of design. So, there will be no additional uniform mending expense and financial loss to parents, and students will be more satisfied with their school uniforms.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.504-512
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• 2020

Objective : An important factor during pituitary adenoma surgery is to preserve pituitary stalk (PS) as this plays a role in reduction of the risk of postoperative diabetes insipidus. The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract (HHT) projects through the PS to the posterior pituitary gland. To reconstruct white matter fiber pathways, methods like diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography have been widely used. In this report we attempted to predict the position of PS using DTI tractography and to assess its intraoperative correlation during surgery of pituitary adenomas. Methods : DTI tractography was used to tract the HHT in nine patients before craniotomy for pituitary adenomas. The DTI location of the HHT was compared with the PS position identified at the time of surgery. DTI fiber tracking was carried out in nine patients prior to the planned craniotomy for pituitary adenomas. In one patient, the PS could not be identified during the surgery. In the other eight patients, a comparison was made between the location of the HHT identified by DTI and the position of the PS visualized at the time of surgery. Results : The position of the HHT identified by DTI showed consistency with the intraoperative position of the PS in seven patients (88.9% concordance). Conclusion : This study shows that DTI can identify the position of the HHT and thus the position of the PS with a high degree of reliability.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.249-252
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• 1985

Polyps of the male urethra are relatively uncommon lesions. They usually arise from the prostatic urethra mostly verumontanum or Just lateral to the verumontanum. Posterior urethral polyp often presents with hematuria, hemospermia and sometimes lower urinary tract obstruction. We recently experienced a pedunculated prostatic urethral polyp in a 63-year-old man who complained of gross total hematuria and difficult micturition for several years. On rectal examination the prostate was slightly enlarged with normal consistency. Excretory urogram showed a round filling defect in the right side of the bladder neck measuring about $2{\times}2cm.$ in size. Cystourethroscopy revealed trabeculation of the vesical wall, mild bilateral prostatic hypertrophy and a round cystic mass with a long stalk arising from the prostatic floor 1 cm. Proximal to the verumontanum which caused ball-valve obstruction in the bladder neck. This pedunculated polypoid mass was then resected at its base with resectoscope and was removed transurethrally using Lowsley's grasping forceps. The specimen was proved as fibrous polyp histologically.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.151-165
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• 2008

Objectives : To evaluate the effects of Head Acupuncture versus Upper and Lower Limbs Acupuncture on signal activation of Blood Oxygen Level Dependent(BOLD) fMRI on the Brain and Somatosensory Cortex. Subjects and Methods : 10 healthy normal right-handed female volunteer were recruited. The average age of the 10 subjects was 30 years old. The BOLD functional MRI(fMRI) signal characteristics were determined during tactile stimulation was conducted by rubbing 4 acu-points in the right upper and lower limbs($LI_1$, $LI_{10}$, $LV_3$, $ST_{36}$). After stimulation of Head Acupuncture in Sishencong($HN_1$), $GB_{18}$, $GB_9$, $TH_{20}$ of Left versus Upper and Lower Limbs Acupuncture($LI_1$, $LI_{10}$, $LV_3$, $ST_{36}$ of Right) and took off needles. Then the BOLD fMRI signal characteristics were determined at the same manner. Results : 1. When touched with cotton buds(sensory stimulation), left Parietal Lobe, Post-central Gyrus, primary somatosensory cortex(BA 1, 2, 3), and primary motor cortex(BA 4) were mainly activated. When $ST_{36}$ was stimulated, Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Cerebellum, and Posterior Lobe as well as Inter-Hemispheric displaying a variety of regions. 2. In signal activation before and after Head Acupuncture reaction, it showed signal activation after removing the acupuncture needle and right Somatosensory Association Cortex, Postcentral Gyrus, and Parietal Lobe were more activated. 3. In reactions of before and after Upper and Lower Limb Acupuncture, it also showed signal activation after removing the acupuncture needle and bilateral Occipital Lobe, Lingual Gyrus, visual association cortex, and Cerebellum were activated. 4. After acupuncture stimulation, In Upper and Lower Limb Acupuncture Group, left frontal Lobe, Precentral Gyrus and Bilateral parietal lobe, Postcentral Gyrus and Primary Somatosensory Cortex(BA 2) were activated. In Head Acupuncture Group, which has most similar activation regions, but especially right Pre-Post central Gyrus, Primary Somatosensory Cortex(BA 3), Primary Motor Cortex, frontal Lobe and Parietal Lobe were activated. Conclusions : When sensory stimulation was done with cotton buds on four acup-points($LI_1$, $LI_{10}4, $LV_3$, $ST_{36}$), while bilaterally activated, contralateral sense was more dominant. It showed consistency with cerebral cortex function. When $ST_{36}$ was stimulated Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Cerebellum, Posterior Lobe as well as Inter-Hemispheric were stimulated. In Head Acupuncture, it showed more contralateral activation after acupuncture. In Upper and Lower Limb Acupuncture, it showed typically contralateral activation and deactivation of limbic system after acupuncture stimulation. Therefore, there were different fMRI BOLD signal activation reaction before and after Head Acupuncture vs Upper and Lower Limb Acupuncture which might be thought to be caused by acu-points' sensitivity and different sensory receptor to response acupuncture stimulation.