• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.415-426
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• 2010

Post-grouting for the drilled shaft is known to increase the end bearing capacity of pile 2~3 times higher by consolidating and reinforcing the disturbed ground containing slime around the pile end. However, the general design guideline for post-grouting has not been established yet in Korea. Especially in the domestic application, the post-grouting is employed just for repairing the pile with the unacceptable resistance rather than for increasing the design resistance of pile. Therefore, little is reported about the effect of post-grouting on the pile resistance itself. In this study, the effect of post-grouting on the resistance of drilled shafts installed in the weathered rock in Korea was estimated by performing the bi-directional load tests on the piles with and without the post-grouting. The test results presented that the initial slope of end bearing-base displacement curve in the pile with post-grouting was 4 times higher than that without post-grouting. At the acceptable settlement (1% of pile diameter), the end bearing capacities of piles with and without the post-grouting were estimated to be 12.0 MPa and 7.0 MPa, respectively, indicating that the post-grouting could increase the end bearing resistance of pile in weathered rock more than 70%.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2011

현장타설말뚝의 포스트그라우팅 기법은 말뚝 시공시 발생하는 슬라임과 굴착으로 인해 교란된 원지반을 압축 및 보강함으로써 기초의 선단지지력을 현저히 증강시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 현재까지 국내외적으로 통용되는 설계지침 또는 시방은 없는 상태이며, 특히 국내에서는 말뚝 포스트그라우팅 기법이 설계지지력 증강 목적이 아닌, 소요지지력에 미달되는 말뚝에 대한 보수보강의 개념으로 이해되고 있어, 그 효과에 비해 관련 연구 및 실용화 실적이 미비한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 포스트그라우팅 기법의 국내 풍화대소켓 현장타설말뚝에의 적용성을 검증하기 위해 풍화암 근입 대구경 현장타설 콘크리트말뚝 시공 현장을 선정하여 포스트그라우트 시험시공을 실시하였다. 또한 포스트그라우팅 말뚝, 그리고 인접한 미보강 말뚝에 대한 정재하시험을 수행함으로써, 포스트그라우팅이 현장타설말뚝의 축방향 지지력 증강에 미치는 효과를 정량적으로 비교분석해 보고자 하였다. 정재하시험 결과, 선단보강 말뚝 선단하중-침하곡선의 초기기울기가 미보강 말뚝 선단히중-침하곡선의 기울기에 비해 4배 이상 증가였으며, 허용침하량(1%D) 기준으로 보강 및 미보강 말뚝의 선단지지력은 각각 12.0MPa, 7.0MPa로 나타나, 포스트그라우팅 적용 후 말뚝의 허용선단지지력이 70% 이상 증가하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2019

The long-term settlement characteristics for the cast-in-place bored pile in the deep-thick soft soil are investigated by post-grouting field tests. Six cast-in-place bored engineering piles and three cast-in-place bored test piles are installed to study the long-term settlement characteristics. Three post-grouting methods (i.e., post-tip-grouting, post-side-grouting, and tip and side post-grouting) are designed and carried out by field tests. Results of the local test show that decreased settlements for the post-side-grouted pile, the post-tip-grouted pile and the tip and side post-grouted pile are 22.2%~25.8%, 30.10%~35.98% and 32.40%~35.50%, respectively, compared with non-grouted piles. The side friction resistance for non-grouted piles, post-side-grouted pile, post-tip-grouted pile and the tip and side post-grouted pile undertakes 89.6~91.3%, 94.6%, 92.4%~93.0%, 95.7% of the total loading, respectively. At last, the parameters back analysis method and numerical calculation are adopted to predict the long-term settlement characteristics of the cast-in-place bored pile in the deep-thick soft soil. Determined Bulk modulus (K) and a creep parameter (Ks) are used for the back analysis of the long-term settlement of the post-grouted pile. The settlement difference between the back analysis and the measurement data is about 1.11%-7.41%. Long-term settlement of the post-grouted piles are predicted by the back analysis method, and the predicted results show that the settlement of the post-grouted pile are less than 6 mm and will be stable in 30 days.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2010

사면보강 및 기초공법으로 앵커공법, 소일네일공법 및 소구경 말뚝공법 등이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이들 공법은 공통적으로 보강재를 설치한 후 그라우팅을 실시한다. 국내의 경우 중력식과 가압식 그라우팅 방식을 주로 사용하고 있다. 반면, 재주입 그라우팅 방식은 시공장비와 적용 실적의 부족 및 보강효과 검증이 어려워 널리 적용되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 재주입 그라우팅은 포스트 그라우팅 방식의 일종으로 그라우트체 주면의 응력을 증대시키고 정착장에 불규칙한 표면을 조성함으로써 그라우트와 지반의 저항을 크게 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 그라우팅 주입 방식에 따른 보강효과를 비교하고, 재주입 그라우팅 방식으로 시공된 보강재의 인발특성을 평가하기 위하여 현장실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 재주입 그라우팅에 따른 인발력 증대를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 매입식 PHC 기성말뚝에 대한 포스트 그라우팅 공법을 적용하고, 정재하 실험을 수행하여 포스트그라우팅 공법의 지지력 증강효과를 확인하였다. 그라우팅 압력은 1.9MPa 및 3.5MPa을 적용하였으며, 그라우팅을 수행하지 않은 미보강 말뚝과의 지지력을 비교하였다. 정재하 실험 결과를 바탕으로 PHC 말뚝의 지지력을 분석한 결과, 말뚝의 항복 하중은 약 3배 이상 증가하였으며 설계효율은 당초 32%에서 97%로 증가하였다. 또한, 그라우팅 공법을 적용한 말뚝의 축방향 강성은 그라우팅 주입압의 약 1.3배 비율로 증가하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.25-38
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• 2012

Recently, investigated failures of external post-tensioned (PT) tendons have called attention to the corrosion of strands in PT bridges, and the prevention of ongoing corrosion is required to secure their structural integrity. Since voids inside ducts can be a source for the ingress of water or deleterious chemicals, the vacuum grouting (VG) method and a volumeter for estimating amount of repair grouts were employed to fill voided ducts. However, the VG method is expensive and time-consuming for infield application because it requires an air-tight condition of entire ducts. Thus, latest research assessed three different repair grouting methods, and the pressure vacuum grouting (PVG) method was recommended in the field because it showed good filling capability in voided ducts and did not require an air-tight condition. Thus, a new method is required to estimate the volume of repair grouts because the PVG method is not applied in air-tight ducts. This research assesses the relationship between voided areas on ducts identified with soundings and required grout volume for repair using experimental results. The results show that the proposed equations and assumptions for estimating repair grout volume provide a sufficient amount of repair grouts for filling voided ducts.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2024

The accurate prediction of grouting upward diffusion height is crucial for estimating the bearing capacity of tip-grouted piles. Borehole construction during the installation of bored piles induces soil unloading, resulting in both radial stress loss in the surrounding soil and an impact on grouting fluid diffusion. In this study, a modified model is developed for predicting grout diffusion height. This model incorporates the classical rheological equation of power-law cement grout and the cavity reverse expansion model to account for different degrees of unloading. A series of single-pile tip grouting and static load tests are conducted with varying initial grouting pressures. The test results demonstrate a significant effect of vertical grout diffusion on improving pile lateral friction resistance and bearing capacity. Increasing the grouting pressure leads to an increase in the vertical height of the grout. A comparison between the predicted values using the proposed model and the actual measured results reveals a model error ranging from -12.3% to 8.0%. Parametric analysis shows that grout diffusion height increases with an increase in the degree of unloading, with a more pronounced effect observed at higher grouting pressures. Two case studies are presented to verify the applicability of the proposed model. Field measurements of grout diffusion height correspond to unloading ratios of 0.68 and 0.71, respectively, as predicted by the model. Neglecting the unloading effect would result in a conservative estimate.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.899-904
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• 2009

This paper presents the analysis result of load-transfer mechanism and pile movements associated with the development of frictional resistance to understand the engineering characteristics of micropile behavior. An field load tests were performed for two different types of micropiles and they are (i) thread bar reinforcement with D=50mm and (ii) hollow steel pipe reinforcement with $D_{out}$=82.5mm and $D_{in}$=60.5mm and wrapped with woven geotextile for post-grouting. The load test results indicated that micropiling with pressured grouting provided better load-transfer characteristics than micropiling with gravity grouting under both compressive and tensile loading conditions in that unit skin frictional resistance is well distributed along installation depth. The unit weight and unconfined compressive strength of cured grout were obtained for each piling method. The strength and unit weight of micropile with pressured grouting was higher than those with gravity grouting. The fact that load bearing quality with pressured grouting is better than that of gravity grouting could be attributed to the dense mutual adhesion between surrounding ground and pile due to pressurized grouting method and better grout quality.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.888-895
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• 2000

As conventional grouting materials for the sheath such as cement slurry or cement-mortar are mixed and pumped in site, those harden with bleeding or shrinkage and meets low compressive strength. Also the materials haven't always same cements, sand size distributions, additives in site, so those materials have unstable quality properties. We have studies on ready-mixed-mortar for grouting pretensioned or post-tensioned cables and rods to encapsulate the steel so that we have developed a formulation of specially selected, flowable, shrinkage-compensating materials.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 2010

이 논문에서는 포스트텐션 구조물에 적용되는 그라우팅 품질확보를 위한 재료개선 및 실험과정을 기술하였다. 그라우팅이란 강연선이 삽입된 덕트를 시멘트물질로 채우는 공정이다. 국내에서는 아직 그라우팅의 품질과 포스트텐션 구조물의 내구성에 대한 관계가 인식되지 않아 적절한 품질관리에 어려움이 있다. 국내표준시험법은 강연선에 의한 심지효과(wick effect)를 고려하지 않기 때문에 시공 시 발생할 수 있는 재료분리량을 평가하기 어렵다. 따라서 현 품질기준을 만족하는 그라우트를 사용하더라도, 시공 시 과다한 불리딩 수나 재료수축이 발생할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 그라우트에 관련된 해외기준과 표준시험법을 조사하여 국내기준 및 표준시험법과 비교한 후 해외기준에 준하는 성능을 나타낼 수 있는 그라우트 구성성분비 및 혼화제를 제시하여 보았다. 개선된 그라우트의 성능을 해외표준시험법에 따라 일반적으로 적용되고 있는 그라우트재와 비교하였으며 PC빔의 덕트형상을 고려한 목업시험을 통하여 흐름유형(flow pattern) 및 충전성능을 관찰하였다. 이 실험을 통하여 그라우팅의 성능은 재료특성에 의하여 높은 영향을 받으며 적용 대상의 기하학적 형상에 따라 상이한 충전특성을 가진다는 것 알 수 있었다.