• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.335-347
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• 2007

Two new types of positive biasedness, which are closely related to Type III positive biasedness (Yanagimoto and Sibuya, 1972), are proposed. We call these near Type III positive biasedness. Though no implication between Type II and near Type III biasedness exists, near Type III seems to be less restrictive than Type II biasedness. Constrained maximum likelihood estimates of distribution functions under near Type III positive bisedness are obtained. The likelihood ratio tests of symmetry against new positive biasedness restrictions are proposed. A small simulation study is conducted to compare the performance of the tests.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-242
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• 2016

The phase-type representation is strongly connected with the positive realization in positive system. We attempt to transform phase-type representation into sparse mono-cyclic positive representation with as low order as possible. Because equivalent positive representations of a given phase-type distribution are non-unique, it is important to find a simple sparse positive representation with lower order that leads to more effective use in applications. A Hypo-Feedback-Coxian Block (HFCB) representation is a good candidate for a simple sparse representation. Our objective is to find an HFCB representation with possibly lower order, including all the eigenvalues of the original generator. We introduce an efficient nonlinear optimization method for computing an HFCB representation from a given phase-type representation. We discuss numerical problems encountered when finding efficiently a stable solution of the nonlinear constrained optimization problem. Numerical simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2012

This paper provides an efficient dimension reduction algorithm of the positive realization of discrete phase type(DPH) distributions. The relationship between the representation of DPH distributions and the positive realization of the positive system is explained. The dimension of the positive realization of a discrete phase-type realization may be larger than its McMillan degree of probability generating functions. The positive realization with sufficient large dimension bound can be obtained easily but generally, the minimal positive realization problem is not solved yet. We propose an efficient dimension reduction algorithm to make the positive realization with tighter upper bound from a given probability generating functions in terms of convex cone problem and linear programming.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

We establish multiplicity results for positive solutions to the Schrödinger-type singular positone problem: -∆u + V (x)u = λf(u) in Ω, u = 0 on ∂Ω, where Ω is a bounded domain in ℝ^N, N > 2, λ is a positive parameter, V ∈ L^∞(Ω) and f : [0, ∞) → (0, ∞) is a continuous function. In particular, when f is sublinear at infinity we discuss the existence of at least three positive solutions for a certain range of λ. The proofs are mainly based on the sub- and supersolution method.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-60
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of lesson and its effectiveness with digital textbook. To address those goals, we had observed five classes of the primary school, which designated as a research pilot school for digital textbook. Based on the result of observation, 3 types of lesson with digital textbook were categorized: Teacher-directed lecture (type 1), Blended learning (type 2), and Flipped learning (type 3). Depending on the type of lesson was analyzed the positive and negative effectiveness by means of matrix analysis method. As a result, in Teacher-directed lecture (type 1), there was found out the participation of the lesson in atmosphere of stable and comfortable as positive experience, also digital textbook operating immature and boring as negative experience. In Blended learning (type 2), there was found out the fun by sharing the product and peer feedback, and flow by learning transfer as positive experience, also digital textbook operating immature and understanding the difference between assignments as negative experience. In Flipped learning (type 3), there was shown the positive attitude and ownership in the lesson as positive experience, also distracting and boring in the lesson when learner was excluded in participation as negative experience. Based on the results, we suggested some strategies for improving positive experience and protecting negative experience in the lesson with using digital textbook.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.133-139
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• 1984

In the 2,218 healthy cases-male 1,574 female 644-who were conducted serum examination from May 1st 1983 to November 1st 1983 by the medical selection of Dae Han Kyouk life insurance Co., the results which investigated the HBsAg by using the Reverse Passive Hemagglutination(RPHA) method are as follows; 1. The number of 167 from 2,218 cases proved to be positive, showing 7.52%, the number of 143 from 1,574 male positive, showing 9.08%, and the number 24 from 644 female positive, showing 3.73%. The positive rate of the male was indicated by 5.36% higher than that of the female as the former marked 2.4 times higher distribution than the latter. 2) The positive rate by the type of occupations appears as follows; The highest positive rate group is that of discharger from military service in 1983, the number of 70 from 736 persons marking 9.51% and the next is the merchant 8.79%(8/91), employee of a company markes 8.53%(44/516), high school boy 7.69%(19/247), house wife 5.71%(10/210), carrier woman 3.45%(10/290) and the group of the high school girl records the minimum rate of all, 3.13%(4/128). 3. The positive rate by the age group appears as follows; The highest rate group is that of 31 to 35 years, marking 9.80% positive rate, and the next is $26{\sim}30$(9.3%), $21{\sim}25$(8.01%), $41{\sim}45$(6.96%), $36{\sim}40$(6.9%), those below 20(5.99%), 46 to 50 years shows the minimum rate of all(2.94%) Among the male case, 26 to 30 years shows the highest positive rate by 10.59% and female, 31 to 35 years shows the highest rate by 7.89%. 4. The positive rate by the blood type represents as follows; Blood type A shows 7.30%, type B 7.17%, type O 6.11% and type AB indicates 5.88% in order.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 1996

This study is for the purpose of helping mutual understanding between husband and wife ad additionally supplying the basic data for establishment of desirable relationship of the two by examining their emotional self-disclosure type and perceived emotional self-disclosure type of spouse. The major findings were as follows: 1) The husband's group revals the order of complete closure type complete disclosure type positive disclosure and negative disclosure but the wife's group shows the order of complete disclosure complete closure positive disclosure and negative disclosure. 2) Emotional self-disclosure type perceived by husband is proved in the order of complete disclosure complete closure negative disclosure and positive disclosure and the type perceived by wife is in the order of complete closure complete disclosure negative disclosure and positive disclosure. 3) There appear significant differences in married couple's emotional self-disclosure type and perceived emotional s lf-disclosure of spouse. It is proved that they perceive their spouse's emotional self-disclosure type in the same way as their type though. 4) There is proved some significant difference in emotional self-disclosure type and marital satisfaction between husband and wife which shows the highest degree of marital satisfaction in the both groups in positive disclosure and it becomes lowered in the order of complete disclosure complete closure and negative disclosure. 5) There is proved some significant difference is perceived emotional self-disclosure type of spouse and marital satisfaction between husband and wife which shows the highest degree of marital satisfaction in the both groups when they perceive in the type of positive disclosure and it becomes lowered in the order of complete disclosure complete closure and negative disclosure.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-90
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• 1997

Positive type presensitized offset plate developer were blended by quantitative analysis method. The test had been proceeeded to check variation of developability, shelf life and tone reproduction by SiO2/Na2O ratio to PS plate developer, added glycerin, and sodium phosphate with glycerin. This study of tone reproduction had been tested 5 times to get accuracy by PS platesusing kodak CCG C-3, KMS. The test result of tone reproduction of presensitized offset plates can be summarized as follows ; major compositions in positive type plate developer were Na, Si, K and P, developability were increased by Sio2/NaO2 ratio in positive type plate developer. Shelf life can be kept by add glycerin to positive type plate developer. Tone reproduction were improved by sodium phosphate due to buffer action while shelf life can be kept by add glycerin in positive type plate developer.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

In MMORPGs, there are many problems with the Grinding player experience. This research divides the Grinding player experience into four dimensions: Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Positive affect through theoretical investigation of game experience. Through the study of Litman (2008), Curiosity is divided into two dimensions, I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, and the relationship between Curiosity and Grinding player experience is studied. By distributing questionnaires, collecting data, and using SPSS software to conduct reliability analysis, validity analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis on the data, it is verified that in MMORPG, I-Type Curiosity can positively affect Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence, Relatedness and Positive affect. D-Type Curiosity can positively affect Grinding in-Autonomy, Competence and Positive affect, but D-Type Curiosity has no statistical relationship with Grinding in-Relatedness. And through the standardized coefficient (Beta) value, between the Curiosity factors, I-Type Curiosity has a greater impact on Grinding in-Autonomy and Positive affect, and D-Type Curiosity has a greater impact on Grinding in-Competence. Finally, from the perspective of I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, combined with the drawbacks of the MMORPG Gringding mechanism, some concrete and feasible suggestions and optimization schemes are put forward to improve the Grinding player experience. This research result can provide some feasible suggestions for MMORPG developers and designers, optimize the MMORPG Grinding mechanism from the perspective of I-Type Curiosity and D-Type Curiosity, and improve the Grinding player experience. It can provide appropriate assistance for the improved development of MMORPG games.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.336-348
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) psychological type and marital satisfaction, divorce proneness, positive affect, and conflict regulation in couple visiting a clinic. Methods: Couples (n=62) who visited "M" couple clinic participated in the study. Data were collected from March to June 2009 using the Marital Satisfaction Scale, Marital Status Inventory, Positive Affect Inventory, and Conflict Regulation Inventory. Results: The couples showed no significant differences in marital satisfaction, positive affect, and conflict regulation according to similarities between spouses in MBTI types. However, they showed significant differences in divorce proneness of husband according to a similarity in the Sensing/Intuition indicator. They also showed significant differences in divorce proneness, positive affect, and conflict regulation between the couples for ISTJ (Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) or ESTJ (Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) types compared to other couples. Conclusion: When nurses counsel couples, they should understand that differences in psychological type between spouses affects their marital relationship. In addition, nurses should educate couples on the characteristics of each type according to the couple's types and help them to understand each other, especially for couples where one spouse is the ISTJ/ESTJ type. These interventions will improve marital satisfaction and prevent the divorce in these couples.