• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.1847-1854
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• 2013

The main concern of this paper is to study the dynamics of an n-dimensional ratio-dependent predator-prey system with diffusion. We study the dissipativeness, persistence of the system and it is shown that the unique positive constant steady state is globally asymptotically stable under some assumptions.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of lifelong learners' learned helplessness and failure tolerance on academic achievement and job performance. The result of this empirical study exhibits that learned helplessness has negative effects on their academic achievement and job performance. Failure tolerance, however, has positive effects on their academic achievement and job performance. In addition, their academic achievement has mediated between learned helplessness and/or failure tolerance, and job performance. This study suggests that lifelong learners' positive response to failures is helpful for both learning and working performances.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.319-330
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• 2000

This study is aimed at analyzing the trend of research on the use of exercise in nursing research, through suggesting directions for future research and implementation of the various exercise therapies. Research studies were taken from dissertations and theses selected from the Academic Society Journals of nursing science, Journals from universities, medical and nursing schools, research institutes in various universities, the Central Journal of Medicine, and the New Medical Journal. The research published between 1970 and 1997 in Korea were analyzed, 51 research were selected. The research are analyzed according to: published time, source of the research, research design, subjects, sample size, dependant variables, exercise therapy, and effect of exercise therapy. The results were as follows: 1. Research on exercise therapy increased rapidly in the 1990's. At this time, 88.2% of research was published. 2. Research areas included: 54.9% non- degree research, 27.5% Doctoral theses, and 17.6% Master's theses. 3. The experimental design included: 66.7% non- equivalent control group pre-test/ post-test design and 29.4% one group pre-test/post- test design. 4. Out of the Subjects: 52.9% were patients with various health problems, and 47.1% were healthy individuals. 5. Sample size included: 52.9% with above 31 subjects, 11.8% with 11~15 and 26~30. 6. Exercise therapy was analyzed by type, intensity, frequency, duration, and period. 1) The Types: Aerobic exercise at 60.8% was the most common, active exercise for muscle strengthening and building made up 21.6%. 2) Exercise with 40~65% intensity comprised 25.5%, 70~85% with 7.8%, and no description of the intensity was 66.7%. 3) Frequency of 3~5 per week was the most common at 78.4%. 4) Duration: 15~60 minutes was the most common length of time at 76.5%. 5) Periods: More than 5 weeks at 82.3% were the most common in their categories. 7. Dependant variables: Psychological response was measured as a dependant variable in 92.2%, Cardio-pulmonary function 88.2%, Body Composition was 86.3%, Physical Response was 60.8%, Lipid Metabolism was 58.8%, Physical Strength was 49.0%, Glucose Metabolism was 25.5%, Activities of Daily Living was 17.6% and others added to be 3.9%. 8. The effect of Exercise Therapy was categorized into 'positive', 'partially positive', and 'no effect' according to dependant variables: Having a positive effect - Glucose Metabolism (93.3%), Physical Response (85.0%), Activities of Daily Living (81.8%), Psychological Response (71.6%), Lipid Metabolism (67.6%), Cardio- pulmonary Function (63.6%), Physical Strength (68.1%), and Body Composition (56.4%). The following suggestions can be made on the above findings: 1. Research findings on Exercise Therapy as a Nursing Intervention need to be described by their elements of type, intensity, frequency, duration and period. 2. Toproperly study the positive effects of Exercise Therapy, there needs to be ⑴ appropriate research design, ⑵ selection criteria for the subjects ⑶ contents of exercise prescription to individuals or groups ⑷ measurement criterion for the dependent variables. 3. Meta-analysis on exercise therapy also needs to be done to analyze and integrate the various results.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2017

This study has a purpose to analyse changes in perception and image about engineering and technology of students who participated in the engineering camp. To achieve this objective, the questions were as follows. 1) What about participants' image difference for engineering before and after participating the engineering camp 2) What about participants' image difference for technology before and after participating the engineering camp. For this study, the program was progressed from Aug in 2017 and the data was collected from 88 students, middle school seniors and high school freshmen. The results of this study were as follows: First, secondary students perceived 'valuable(6.74)', 'meaningful(6.73)', 'rich(6.40)', 'collaborative(6.42)', 'nice(6.22)' as high image rank of the positive response for engineering. On the other hand, 'complex(3.59)', 'labored(3.80)', 'hard(4.66)', 'dangerous(4.48)', 'cold(4.86)' were perceived as low image rank of the negative response for engineering. We can realize that they generally has the image that engineering is valuable, meaningful and nice but also labored, complex and hard. The students who participated in the engineering camp showed the greatest difference in 'complex - simple' and 'dangerous - safe' engineering categories before and after the camp, followed by 'cold - hot', 'labored - easy', and 'hard - soft', respectively. Second, secondary students perceived 'meaningful(6.58)', 'valuable(6.55)', 'wide(6.38)', 'nice(6.37)', 'strong(6.25)' as high image rank of the positive response for technology. On the other hand, 'complex(3.85)', 'labored(3.93)', 'hard(4.62)', 'dangerous(4.72)', 'cold(5.05)' were perceived as low image rank of the negative response for technology. The students who participated in the engineering camp had the big change in 'hard - soft' technology category before and after the camp, followed by 'complex - simple', 'labored - easy', 'theoretical - practical' and 'dangerous - safe', respectively. We can see that the negative images for technology which were complex, labored, dangerous, theoretical was improved with positive image such as simple, easy, safe and practical, after conducting the engineering camp. In conclusion, both image recognitions for engineering and technology have improved after the camp. It means that interesting and entertaining engineering-technology program can boost interests in engineering and technology which felt difficult, so that images about them can be turned out positive. Also, it is possible to reduce avoidance of natural science and engineering subjects, as part of the purpose of training creative talents in science and engineering, so it can be said that the engineering camp is highly meaningful because it can lead students into the field of science and engineering.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between the learning styles and science process skills of students of the gifted class in elementary school. Subjects were forty-eight students of the gifted class who are in the fifth grade studying at the gifted class of S elementary school in Bucheon, M and Y elementary school in Incheon on learning styles and science process skills of students. Learning Style Profile (LSP) was used as instrument to survey learning style of students of the gifted class which was developed by NASSP, and consists of four categories (cognitive skills, perceptual response, orientation and teaming preferences) and twenty-four subscales. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the learning styles test, students of the gifted class have higher scores of spatial skill, sequential processing skill, persistence orientation, manipulative preference, temperature preference and afternoon preference than general class students, but they have lower scores of discrimination skill and lighting preference, and there were statistically significant difference. 2. In science process skills test, there were statistically significant difference between students of the gifted class and general students. 3. In the correlation between the learning styles and science process skills, there was positive correlation of observing skill with spatial skill and manipulate skill of cognitive skill domain. For classifying skill, there was positive correlation with visual perceptual response, but was negative correlations with auditory and emotive perceptual response of perceptual response domain and with evening preference and verbal risk orientation of study preference domain. For measuring skill, there was positive correlation with sequential processing skill of cognitive skill domain. For formulating hypotheses, there was controlling variables, there was positive correlation with sequential processing skill and simultaneous processing skill of cognitive skill domain, and with verbal-spatial preference and early morning study preference of study preference domain. When planning and managing the gifted class, it will be beneficial and effective to consider the meaningful relations between the elements of loaming style and science process skills in order to improve science process skills.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.462-469
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• 2007

Objective : This study characterized the neurons in the lumbosacral cord that express phospho ERK (pERK) after distension or irritation of the bladder, and their relation to the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) positive primary afferents. Methods : Mechanical distension and chemical irritation of the bladder were induced by intravesical injection of the saline and mustard oil, respectively. Spinal neurons expressing pERK and the primary afferent fibers were characterized using multiple immunofluorescence for neurokinin 1 (NK1), neuronal nitric oxide synthetase (nNOS) and VR1. Results : Neurons in lamina I, medial dorsal horn (MDH), dorsal gray commissure (DGC) and sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) were immunoreactive for pERK after either mechanical or chemical stimulation. The majority of pERK positive cells were positive for NK1 in lamina I and SPN, but not in the DGC. Most of pERK positive cells are not stained for nNOS except in a small population of the cells in the SPN and DGC. Contacts between perikarya and dendrites of pERK-positive cells and terminals of primary afferents expressing VR1 were identified in lamina I. lateral collateral path (LCP) and SPN. Conclusion : In this study, the lumbosacral neurons activated by mechanical and chemical stimulation of the urinary bladder were identified with expression of the pERK, and also provided the evidence that VR1-positive primary afferents may mediate the activation of these neurons.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.1105-1113
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• 1997

배 경 : 급성호흡부전증후군에서 배측 폐는 복측 폐에 비해 이환 정도가 심하여 기계호흡시 PEEP 사용에도 폐포 모집이 어려운 것이 알려져 있고 이러한 상태에서 prone position은 이환이 심한 배측 폐의 국소 환기를 향상시키고 동맥혈산소분압의 호전을 가져온다는 보고들이 있으나 아직 prone position 의 호흡생리학적 효과나 혈류역학적 효과가 완전히 정립되지 않았다. 방 법 : 급성폐손상 점수 평균 2.5 이상인 ARDS 환자 23명(남 : 여 =11 : 12, 연령 $62.1{\pm}20.8$세)을 대상으로 먼저 supine position에서 호흡 지표로 동맥혈가스분석, 총호흡기계 정적 탄성과 혈류역학적 지표로 평균 동맥압, 분당 심박수 등을 얻은 뒤 prone position으로 전환하였다. Prone position 5분에 동일한 혈류역학적 지표, 0.5 및 2시간에 호흡 지표를 얻었으며, 2시간까지의 $PaO_2/FIO_2$ 비가 supine position에 비해 20mmHg 이상 증가한 경우를 양성 호흡반응, prone 5분의 평균동맥압이 supine position에 비해 10mmHg이상 증가한 경우를 양성 혈류역학적반응으로 각각 정의하였다. 결과 : 1. 양성 호흡반응 대상 ARDS 환자 중 65%(15/23)가 양성 호흡반응을 보였고 양성 반응자는 비반응자에 비해 연령, 남녀비, ARDS 유발 원인, supine position에서의 $PaO_2/FIO_2$비, Cst, rs 등은 차이가 없었으나 평균동맥압이 더 높고($91.1{\pm}13.1mmHg$ vs. $76.0{\pm}18.7mmHg$, p=0.035), 생존율이 높은 경향을 보였다(9/15 vs. 2/8, p=0.074). 양성 호흡반응자의 supine, prone 0.5 및 2시간의 $PaO_2$는 각각 $69.8{\pm}17.6mmHg$, $83.2{\pm}22.6mmHg$, $96.8{\pm}22.7mmHg$(p<0.001), $PaO_2/FIO_2$비는 각각 $108.1{\pm}40.5mmHg$, $137.3{\pm}60.0mmHg$, $157.7{\pm}50.0mmHg$로 증가하였다(p=0.001). 2. 양성 혈류역학적반응 Prone position시 평균 동맥압이 10mmHg이상 증가한 경우는 22%(5/23)이었고 이 중 2명은 양성 호흡반응이 없는 환자였다. 양성 혈류역학적반응을 보인 환자와 보이지 않은 환자 사이에 기저 평균동맥압($77.1{\pm}11.1mmHg$, $89.8{\pm}16.6mmHg$, p=0.099)이나 supine position 에서의 PEEP 사용 수준 ($7.8{\pm}3.2cm$ $H_2O$, $8.6{\pm}3.5cm$ $H_2O$, p=0.188) 등은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : ARDS 환자에서 prone position은 폐산소화지표를 호전시키거나 평균동맥압을 상승시키며 양성 호흡반응 여부는 ARDS 발생 후 조기에 결정되는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.457-468
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• 2013

본 연구는 긍정정서를 사회성 축에 따라 사회적 긍정정서와 비사회적 긍정정서로 나눌시 조망수용능력과 긍정적 대처간의 관계가 다르게 나타나는지 알아보았다. 그리고 그 관계가 성격변인인 친화성에 따라 조절되는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 대학생을 대상으로 실험 1과 2를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 사회적 긍정정서를 느낀 집단은 비사회적 긍정정서 집단보다 통계적으로 유의하게 조망수용능력이 높고, 회피/체념 대처전략보다 긍정적 대처전략을 택하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 아울러, 긍정정서의 사회성 유무와 조망수용능력간의 관계에서는 성격변인인 친화성이 유의한 조절효과가 있었다. 즉, 비사회적 긍정정서를 느낀 사람이 사회적 긍정정서를 느낀 사람에 비해 친화성이 높을수록 조망수용능력이 유의하게 높아지고 있음을 확인하였다. 반면, 긍정정서의 사회성 유무와 긍정적 대처간의 관계에서는 친화성의 조절효과가 없었다. 사회적 긍정정서와 비사회적 긍정정서간의 차이 및 원인에 대해 언급하고 본 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구방향에 대해 논의하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2005

The present study examined the effectiveness and communications functions of mothers' touch on the responses of their 6-month-old infants using the Still-Face (SF) situation. Participants were 67 infant-mother dyads from Seoul and Gyeonggi province. Positive and negative responses of infants were measured by SF interactions and by three different touch conditions. Touch types were measured by a coding scheme based on Suchung Kim and Keumjoo Kwak (2003; 2(04). Results showed that mothers' touch affected baby's responses by increasing positive responses and decreasing negative responses. The positive and negative responses of infants differed by the three different touch conditions, indicating that mothers use different touch types according to touch conditions; these variations in touch function as an important channel of communications.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.609-619
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• 1997

The concept of human emotion is recently demanded to be imbedded in industrial product and environment for enhancing quality of life. Human emotion is attempted to be qualified and quantified by physiological measurements. EEG variation, one of the physiological measurement, is observed to characterize psychological response in this study. This study is to find function and process of brain according to emotion. Twenty university students participated in this study and experienced positive and negative emotion by auditory stimulus. Delta, theta, alpha and beta waves showed characteristic variation in normalized sense according to positive and negative emotion. Local area showing significant difference between positive and negative emotion decreases with stimulus duration. Delta, theta and beta waves increase with negative emotion while alpha wave does with positive emotion.