• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 1991

'Hyao' has been studied by several Korean psychiatrists, mostly in relation to Oedipus complex and psychopathological implications. The present authors propose that 'Hyao' should be understood as being broader and more basic in its meaning and functions which are listed as the follows. 1) Hyao as an attachment, mutual dependence and basic trust between the generations. 2) Hyao as a control mechanism of aggression between the generations. 3) Hyao as a control and resolving mechanism of oedipus complex. 4) Hyao as an organizer of personality development and self-actualization. These functions of Hyao were integrated in a developmental perpective and, the role and responsibilities of parents in promoting and offering their model behavior for positive identification were discussed. 'Hyao' is suggested as being primarily mutual attachment and reverence(respect) between the generations which promote healthy resolutions of issues and conflicts of each developmental stage to be followed.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43-49
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• 2017

This paper deals with inter-relationship change of women's university students on the process of SW development project using social collaboration tool. Inter-relationship is one of the basic vocational competency in NCS(National Competency Standards) of Korea. We redesigned the curriculum of "Software Engineering" subject for this study and composed the project teams of students to develop software. The details of inter-relationship are satisfaction, communication, faith, friendliness, sensitivity, openness and consideration. From the result of this study, faith, openness and consideration have positive effect but satisfaction, communication, friendliness and sensitivity have no meaningful effect. The surveys were conducted in the beginning of semester and the same surveys were conducted again in the end of semester. The results were verified by paired t-test with SPSS 18.0. It is significant that the using of social collaboration tool for team project has positive effect on inter-relationship change, especially faith of women's university students. This study has some limitations for generalization but has meaning as new trial to enlarge the basic vocational competency of students in major subject, "Software Engineering". We expect new study for inter-relationship change of students to evaluate generality based on the proposed method in this paper.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

We have isolated 65 strains(2.0%) of Y. enterocolitica among 3,219 water samples from 380 spring water sites in Seoul from 1994 to 1999. The biochemical characteristics of isolated strains revealed that TSI was A/A, urea, M.R.($37^{\circ}C$), nitrate, motility($37^{\circ}C$), sorbitol, maltose, manitol, arabinose, mannose, trehalose, xylose were positive(100%) and H$_2$S, arginine, lysine, oxidase, citrate, V.P.($37^{\circ}C$), DNase, motility($37^{\circ}C$), dulcitol, adonitol, lactose and raffinose were negative(100%). In in vitro virulence test, positive rate of AAG and CRMOX were 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. However in the virulence gene detectable gene detectable test by multiplex-PCR using ail, yst, virF genes, 65 strains were all negative, meaning that Y.enterocolitica strains from domestic spring water were not detected for the virulence. Otherwise, mutiplex-PCR which using ail, yst and subgenus-specific primer pair was the best for identifying the virulence of Y. enterocolitica.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.216-226
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the relationships among various visible clues and non-visible clues as perceived by franchise family restaurant consumers. Using online survey tool in South Korea, total 450 survey was distributed and 400 participants were used for further statistical analysing with SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 20.0. Twelve items were categorized into four visible factors (food, interior, exterior, employee). The result shows that food and employee have positive effects on brand reputation and distinctiveness, and the interior and employee were critical antecedents for brand distinctiveness. In addition, the brand reputation and brand distinctiveness have positive influence on experiential value as well as revisit intention. Although there were many studies which demonstrated the relationships among various quality clues and other outcome variables, such as brand image, loyalty, little research explained the relationships among visible elements of franchise family restaurants, brand reputation, brand distinctiveness, and revisit intention. The present study will provide theoretical and practical implications for both academia and the franchise family restaurant industry. (what is the meaning of the red part?)

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.179-193
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• 2002

This study aims to examine the forming procedure of consumer satisfaction from Internet shopping experience. Many studies on the satisfaction have primarily focused on the examination of the antecedents of satisfaction along with the expectation-disconfirmation paradigm dominating the former studies. This study has built an Internet shopping expectation-disconfirmation model as to apply the expectation-disconfirmation into the condition of the Internet shopping. The summary of study represented in following. l. The expectation of risk and performance of benefit had a significantly positive effect on the perceived disconfirmation. In addition, an expectation of benefit and performance of risk had a significantly negative effect on the perceived disconfirmation. 2. A performance of risk and performance of benefit not only had a significantly indirect effect, but also a significantly direct effect on the consumer satisfaction. But expectation of risk and expectation of benefit had no significant direct effect on satisfaction. 3. Not only the perceived disconfirmation had a significant positive effect on satisfaction, but also an effect of the perceived disconfirmation on satisfaction(0.472) is larger than that of the performance of risk or performance of benefit. Meaning that, it is desirable for one to apply the expectation-disconfirmation model into the Internet shopping circumstances as much as the off-line markets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2017

This study analyzed the effects of job characteristics and empowerment on job satisfaction of ERP system users of small/medium manufacturing & service businesses. In the results of analysis, the detailed factors of job characteristics such as efficiency, authority delegation, and complexity were significant influence factors on ERP users' job satisfaction while the factors of empowerment such as task impact, self-determination, and task meaning had positive effects on users' job satisfaction. However, competence did not have positive effects on job satisfaction. The results of this study showed that most of the ERP system users of small/medium businesses were satisfied with their own jobs.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.144-156
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• 2015

Globalization and knowledge-based economy have increased the importance of local areas as the units of global competition. Therefore, the meaning of localities has been emphasized as the core value of economic activities. In this context, innovation cluster has been recognised and emphasized as effective policy measure for innovation. Therefore, most countries have been trying to develop innovation clusters with their expectation for a rapid growth of economy. Nevertheless, there have been minimal empirical researches on innovation cluster. Therefore, for suggesting implications that activation factors of innovation cluster are to have an effect on tenant's business activities, this study conducted a literature review for the theories of regional innovation system(RIS) and innovation cluster. As a result, the activation factors of innovation cluster were classified into institutional, physicals, and social factor. The case of Gyeonggi province's innovation cluster policy was examined for an empirical analysis. Data were analyzed using ordered logistic regression. The results were as follows:First, Institutional and Infra factors had a positive influence on firms' business activities in every empirical test, so they were the most important activation factors of innovation cluster. Second, regarding the interactive effects of financial support, the interactive effects between financial support and Infra factor had a positive influence on the firms' business activities, according to the result of the empirical test.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-32
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• 2014

This study examines the relationship between tip amount and its possible antecedents: bill size, the Big Five personality types, meal type, food quality, atmosphere, service quality, consumer gender, server gender, customer hospitality experience, race, and alcohol consumption. A survey of southeastern undergraduate students was conducted to collect information about the customer, server and customer tipping habits. While the analysis suggests that service is an important factor, it shows that other factors affect tip amount. Furthermore, these factors affect tip amounts in many different ways. Some examples of these factors include bill size, alcohol consumption, gender dynamics, meal type, food quality, and personality type. The conclusion suggests the intuition behind these factors by providing a dissection of their meaning and their importance to servers, customers, and managers alike. Purpose: This study tests restaurant customer tipping habits and some personality traits that have received limited previous attention as predictors of tipping. Methods: This study is that the tip amount was self-reported, business students at a university in a large southeastern city of USA were asked to complete a tipping journal. Results: This study was able to replicate the service-tipping relationship. Moreover, this study reiterated that server friendliness is a very powerful tool to increasing tips. Conclusion: This study strongly indicate that service has a positive relationship with tip amount, and also produce a positive relationship with emotional stability and a negative relationship to conscientiousness.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.852-859
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the clothing management behavior and the recognition of care label of college students, as well as the effects of sex and the learning experience of clothing life area on middle and high school students. A survey consisting of 61 questions was conducted on 475 college students(240 males and 235 females) enrolled in a university in Cheongju City, and 450 college students' data were finally analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the level of washing behavior(2.54) was the lowest compared to purchasing behavior(3.13) and storage behavior(3.09). Second, college students were well aware of the attachment of fiber care labels, but 64.7% of the college students did not check the care label. About 30% of them did not know why the care labels were attached, and about 57% did not know whether manufacturers were obligated to attach them. The meaning of precautions for handling in a care label was well inferred from the symbols. Third, there was the positive effect of the learning experience of clothing life area during middle or high school on the college students' clothing management behavior and the level of recognition of a care label. This study is meaningful in confirming the positive effect of clothing life education in adolescence on adult clothing life behavior.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2020

Objective: The reason why it is important to look at the benefits of exercise-music experience perceived by the elderly is that the satisfaction of life in old age is a meaningful reflection of the subjective perception of the life of the elderly. This is because it must be understood as the center. Design: A qualitative study. Methods: Participants are senior citizens attending senior citizens' college located in Eumseong city. Those who have taken an exercise-music song program for at least one semester served as the participants. Individual interviews were conducted by selecting 10 people through purposeful sampling. The collected data were analyzed by applying Colaizzi's method among phenomenological methods. The exercise-music program was conducted for 12 weeks, for a total of 50 minutes for each time (10 minutes for introduction, 35 minutes for music, 5 minutes for finishing). Results: As a result of the study, the experience of the exercise-music program was derived into 6 categories and 13 subjects. These 6 main categories are 'Changes from the developmental crisis', 'Freedom from the confines of others', 'Positive emotions found through songs', 'Feeling of peer and fellowship relationships', 'Changes in self-awareness', It appeared as a 'Change in the way of life'. Conclusions: In conclusion, the experience of the exercise-music program brought about a positive changes in life of doing one's best by improving confidence and confirming presence. Therefore, this study suggests activation of senior college programs to find a sense of presence for each level by using exercise-music programs with good accessibility.