• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 ITC-CSCC -2
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• pp.826-829
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• 2002

This system is unionized form about CPS and a pocket game machine. This game machine of the use only for the game with an existing system but the function of various purposes which carries out service relevant to a user's position information. This system have the game function, the function to offer space guidance service by the theme interlocked with a user's position, and the traffic safety education function.

• 소음진동
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1997

This paper describes 3-dimensional volume array of 4 microphones including a reference microphone which is capable of imaging wideband noise source position in 2-dimensional image plane. The cross correlation function and corresponding imaging function between a reference microphone and other microphone, are derived as a function of noise source position. The magnitude of the imaging function gives noise source mapping in image plane. Since the image plane is selective from a rectangular and a cylindrical plane, noise source position information such as range and bearing relative to the array is identified very much easily. Simulation results for typical source configurations confirms the applicability of the proposed array in noise control field.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문
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• pp.28-33
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• 1996

This paper presents a position control of ultra-precision machine tool post using piezoelectric material. A stack-type piezoelectric actuator is employed in a hinge-type tool holder. An assumed linear transfer function of the practical nonlinear plant is established through the comparison of transfer functions and step responses in the experiments and the simulations. Several types of feedforward/feedback controllers are designed via computer simulations using the assumed linear transfer function, The position tracking control experiments are undertaken to show the control efficiency of each controller.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the correlation between physical function and forward head posture in spastic diplegia. Methods: The subjects of this study were 10 spastic diplegia patients. We took pictures of the subjects' craniovertebral angle with a digital camera to determine the degree of forward head posture and then analyzed them using the NIH image J program. The physical function test used the TCMS, the BBT, and a spirometer. The data in this study were measured using SPSS version 23.0, and the statistical significance level α was 0.05. A Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to identify the correlation between the degree of the subject's head forward position and physical function. Results: When we performed the BBT and spirometer tests, the subjects' forward head postures were not correlated (p < 0.05). However, with the TCMS, there was a strong correlation between the forward position of the head and balance, with balance decreasing as the head position increased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Spastic diplegia patients with severe forward head posture showed problems with static balance, dynamic balance, and equilibrium reaction when sitting. Intervention on the right posture and preventive activities will be needed to improve the health of spastic diplegia patients and prevent future problems with physical function.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1973-1983
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• 1997

Higher order isoparametric elements are usually used in the finite element analysis because they can represent easily the geometric shape of a complex structure ad can improve the solution quality. When these elements are used, the position of internal nodes affects greatly on the solution accuracy. Decreasing of the accuracy related to the position of internal nodes is due to non-conformal mapping often results in an unstable Jacobian value. This paper, in order to remove this difficulty, suggests a modified shape function which can establish conformal mapping between two coordinate systems. Numerical experiments with the proposed shape function show that a stable solution can be obtained without respect to the position of internal nodes, and offer convenience that one can take arbitrarily the position of internal nodes considering only the geometric shape of element boundaries.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2009

The design and implementation of a high performance PID (Proportional Integral & Differential) style controller with zero-phase error tracking property is considered in this article. Unlike a ball screw driven system, the controller in a direct drive system should provide a high level of tracking performance while avoiding the problems due to the absence of the gear system. The stiff mechanical element in a direct drive system allows high precise positioning capability, but relatively high tracking ability with minimal position error is required. In this work, a feasible position controller named 'Unified PID controller' is presented. It will be shown that the function of the closed position loop can be designed into unity gain system in continuous time domain to provide minimal position error. The focus of this work is in two areas. First, easy gain tunable PID position controller without speed control loop is designed in order to construct feasible high performance drive system. Second, a simple but powerful zero phase error tracking strategy using the pre-designed function of the main control loop is presented for minimal tracking error in all operating conditions. Experimental results with a s-curve based position pattern commonly used in industrial field demonstrate the feasibility and effective performance of the approach.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to ascertain differences of the sensory system, central processing system, effector system, and balance ability according to general characteristics (sex, fall experience, and age), and to identify the contributions of the sensory, central processing, and effector system to balance ability in 83 healthy elderly subjects. The subjects were elderly (over 60 years) who live in Wonju City. All subjects participated in six tests (position sense test, visual acuity, vestibular stepping test, Mini-Mental Status Exam-Korea, strength of dorsiflexors, and Berg Balance Test). Collected data were analyzed by the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. The results were as follows: 1. The results of the six tests according to sex showed that vestibular function was significantly better in women than in men. But visual acuity, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability were significantly better in men than in women (p<0.05). 2. There were no significant differences in position sense, visual acuity, vestibular function, cognitive function, strength of dorsiflexors, and balance ability between fallers and non-fallers (p>0.05). 3. However, the results of the six tests according to age (group A: 60-69 years, group B: 70-79 years, group C: 80-89 years) showed significant differences in five tests. In the Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, position sense, visual acuity, and cognitive function showed significantly different results between in group A and group C: the strength of the dorsiflexors was significantly different between in group A and group B, and balance ability was significantly different between in group A and group C, and between in group B and group C (p<0.05). 4. Cognitive function and position sense were positively associated with balance ability. Their power of explanation regarding balance ability was 38% (p<0.05). These results suggest that cognitive function and position sense play an important role in balance ability. This would seem to suggest that programs for evaluation or improvement of elderly's balance ability in the elderly should consider cognitive function and position sense.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of self-differentiation, family function and mental health among adolescents. Methods: The data were collected from 967 adolescents and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. Results: Mental health differed according to grades, sibling position, father's education and mother's education. Self-differentiation and family function had a significant negative correlation with mental health. Multiple regression analysis showed recognition.emotional function, emotional cutoff and family projection as influencing self-differentiation. Grades, affective responsiveness in family function, and sibling position explained 20.8% of the total variance in mental health. Conclusion: The findings show that self-differentiation and family function influence mental health, indicating a need to develop nursing intervention programs to enhance adolescents' mental health and prevent negative outcomes. For these programs, the family must be included.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.17-33
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to identify pulmonary functional variations in relation to postural changes, lapse after changing position, and the use of abdominal band in the cervical cord injured. The subjects of this study were 19 quadriplegic patients who had been admitted to the department of the Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, Yousei University, from April, 1997 through May 3, 1997. A spiroanalyzer was used to measure pulmonary function in supine, standing, time after changing position, and recording to the position, application method, and tightness of the abdominal band. The data were analyzed by the repeated measure one-way ANOVA, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. The findings were as follows: 1. All phase of the patients' pulmonary function improved significantly in supine posture in contrast to standing (vital capacity by $0.46{\ell}$ and expiratory reserve volume by $0.09{\ell}$). 2. The longer the time lapsed from supine posture to standing, the patient's expiratory reserve volume, maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume increased. 3. When the patient lay in supine position, the maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and the forced vital capacity increased then the center line of the abdominal band was placed along iliac crest; on the other hand, when the patient was standing, placing the bottom line of the abdominal band along iliac crest increased the maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume. 4. In placing the abdominal band in the patients, leaving space between the top and bottom lines of the band helped increased in maximum ventilation volume, vital capacity, and forced vital capacity for patient in supine as well as in standing. 5. When placing the abdominal band to patients in supine posture, reducing the length of the band by 2.5% along the patient's waist line increased the patients' vital capacity, while reducing the length by 10% to patients in standing increased the maximum ventilation volume. The abdominal band should be placed in such a way that the bottom part of the band should be more tightly fastened while leaving enough room for a hand to be placed in between the body and the band for the top part of the hand. It should also be noted that in a supine position, the bottom line of the band should be placed along the iliac crest, while in standing, the center line should be placed along the iliac crest. The length of the band should also be reduced by 2.5% of the waist line in supine position, and in standing, the length should be reduced by 10%. It should also be noted that the pulmonary function of the patients should be measured at least 10 minutes after one position change.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.579-586
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• 2007

Analytical method to analyze the effect of tolerance on the modal characteristic of multi-body systems in dynamic equilibrium position is suggested in this paper. Monte-Carlo method is conventionally employed to perform the tolerance analysis. However, Monte-Carlo method spends too much time for analysis and has a greater or less accuracy depending on sample condition. To resolve these problems, an analytical method is suggested in this paper. Sensitivity equations for damped natural frequencies and the transfer function are derived at the dynamic equilibrium position. By employing the sensitivity information of mass, damping and stiffness matrices, the sensitivities of damped natural frequencies and the transfer function can be calculated.