• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.433-440
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• 2023

This study aims to establish safety zones for bunkering operations of hydrogen propulsion ships in coastal areas through risk assessment and evaluate their validity. Using a 350 kW-class ferry operating in Busan Port as the subject of analysis, with quantitative risk assessment based on accident consequence and frequency analysis, along with a social risk assessment considering population density. The results of the risk assessment indicate that all scenarios were within acceptable risk criteria and ALARP region. The most critical accident scenarios involve complete hose rupture during bunkering, resulting in jet flames (Frequency: 2.76E-06, Fatalities: 9.81) and vapor cloud explosions (Frequency: 1.33E-08, Fatalities: 14.24). For the recommended safety zone criteria in the 6% hose cross-sectional area leakage scenario, It could be appropriate criteria considering overall risk level and safety zones criteria for hydrogen vehicle refueling stations. This research contributes to establishing safety zone for bunkering operations of hydrogen propulsion ships through risk assessment and provides valuable technical guidelines.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.269-274
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• 2007

The corrosion of steel in concrete is significant in marine environment. Salt damage is one of the most detrimental causes to concrete bridges and port structures. Especially, the splash and tidal zones around water line are comparatively important in terms of safety and life-time point of view. During the last several decades, cathodic protection (cp) has been commonly accepted as an effective technique for corrosion control in concrete structures. Zn-mesh sacrificial anode has been recently developed and started to apply to the bridge column cp in marine condition. The detailed parameters regarding Zn-mesh cp technique, however, have not well understood so far. This study is to investigate how much Zn-mesh cp influences along the concrete column at elevated temperature. About 100 cm column specimens with eight of 10 cm segment rebars have been used to measure the variation of cp potential with the distance from Zn-mesh anode at both $10^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$ in natural seawater. The cp potential change and current diminishment along the column specimens have been discussed for the optimum design of cp by Zn-mesh sacrificial anode.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.223-230
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• 2016

While marine transport freight is steadily increasing, people are more interested in terminals handling cargo. But the domestic researches on terminals were almost on container terminal. This study attempted to study the service quality for bulk terminals. The users of bulk terminal services were divided into shipowners and shippers to compare their differences by using bulk terminal service provided. During the attributions proposed in this study, Tangibles were descripted by the numbers of berth or depth, facilities, and so on. So it was suitable to consider the tangibles by formative indicators. And also this study has tried using "reflective model" and "formative model" to make a measurement model for comprehensive analyses. The results showed that all of the items were significant except the relation between empathy and performance satisfaction in the overall measurement model analyses. User groups difference analyses results have showed that the trust responsiveness impact on performance satisfaction was more importantly assessed by shippers than by shipowners. It was expected to use the results of this study as a good strategic resource to help bulk terminal administrators make various expansion plans to improve the bulk terminal's competitiveness in the future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

The concentration of the HNS Accident for each region was confirmed to prepare against an HNS Spill accident by using a Concentration Index which is used to assess industry concentration trend. This is to present the HNS Accident Concentration Index by combining HNS Accident Scale Concentration Index and an HNS Accident Frequency Concentration Index based on the data of marine spill accidents including the HNS accident. Based on the HNS Accident Concentration Index, Ulsan was identified as a top priority region for preparedness, Yeosu, Busan and Taean were identified as priority regions for preparedness, Gunsan, Mokpo, Wando, Incheon, Tongyeong, Pyeongtaek and Pohang were identified as necessary regions for preparedness, Donghae, Boryeong, Buan, Seogwipo, Sokcho, Jeju and Changwon, in which no marine spill accidents occurred, were identified as support regions for preparedness.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2024

Ports play a crucial role in the complex global supply chain. While many researchers have used social network analysis (SNA) to study active networks, there is a lack of SNA cohesion analysis specifically related to logistics and trade. Therefore, this study aims to identify time-series structural changes in all domestic import and export logistics networks, including regions, ports, and airports, by utilizing techniques such as k-core and community analysis. To carry out this analysis, we rely on data from the Korea Customs Service's Import and Export Logistics Statistical Yearbook spanning from 2004 to 2022. The findings from the k-core and community analysis indicate that the cohesion of the domestic import and export logistics network has continuously strengthened over time. Moreover, it reveals that regions, ports, and airports are becoming more cohesive and homogeneous, with Busan Port emerging as the central hub of a large community. These insights are expected to enhance our understanding of global logistics dynamics and contribute to the development of policies and sustainable import and export logistics processes.

• Journal of Daesoon Thought and the Religions of East Asia
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.85-109
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• 2022

Yiguandao missions arrived in Korea no later than 1947. Despite many obstacles, including war and internal dissension, the movement has flourished in South Korea. Today there are three active major lineages and another seven smaller networks. This article relates the movement's overall development in Korea. We begin by discussing key missions dispatched to Korea by Yiguandao's founder Zhang Tianran. The northern port city of Tianjin was key to this effort, in particular a single temple, the Hall of Morality. In Korea the leaders found an unfamiliar cultural landscape that was soon engulfed in war. The Yiguandao missions tended to develop independently, without coordination. In an effort to unify the movement, the Morality Foundation was established in Busan in 1952. The article shows how Yiguandao's subsequent success in Korea is connected to the development of indigenous leadership. Local Korean leadership ousted Chinese members from the Morality Foundation in 1954, and this branch has continued under Korean leadership to this day. The ousted Chinese leaders continued to develop their own lineages. Two major leaders, Zhang Ruiquan and Kim Bokdang, were able to establish enduring legacies. A final section looks at organizational traits that will determine the movement's future prospects in modern Korean society.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.137-145
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• 2002

Water flow simulations for environmental problems often require local detailed analyses for better understanding and accurate prediction of the fate of pollutant in water bodies. This study deals with the development and application of a two-dimensional flow an dispersion model to the coastal water area to find out possible changes due to the wide port development plan. As far as the spatial discretization is concerned, the finite element method is attractive because of its flexibility and ability to naturally treat complex coastal geometries. The model uses finite element theory and the Galerkin weighted-residual approach as its basis. Developed model is applied to the Busan New harbor Construction site. Results from the model were compared with the measured water level and flows in four stations. The flow pattern by the model shows to be similar to the observed data away from the construction site where the flow is not affected. From the simulation results, it is concluded that the model may be useful for numerous other studies for planning and management purposes, especially flow and pollution dispersion in the coastal water bodies where the flow is so complicated.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2008

Scopolamine patch is an effective anticholinergic and antiemetic agent for motion sickness in S. Korea. Since this medication is Over The Counter (OTC) medication and may cause serious side effects when misused. Therefore, we evaluate the safety and efficacy for scopolamine patch in this study. We selected and surveyed total 43 patients who purchased scopolamine patch from three different pharmacies located at S and C Express Bus terminals and P Port at Seoul, Cheongju, and Busan. In the result, 11 patients (8${\sim}$15 year old:25.6%) were correctly used scopolamine patch with a children dose and 2 patients were misused. 26 (15${\sim}$60 year old: 60.4%) and 4 (over 6o year old: 9.3%) patients were correctly used with a adult dose. 33 patients (69.9%)answered that they knew the directions well how to use scopolamine patch correctly. Only 24.2% (n=8) patients learned the directions by pharmacist's consultation. Most patients (45 frequencies with duplicate counts) had some experienced side effects and among those drowsiness is the most common one. In conclusion, scopolamine patch as a non-prescription drug (OTC) should be monitored by pharmacist with correct drug consultation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.197-205
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• 2005

This paper introduces a new method of improvement for marine soft ground, MLPP (Marine large Pack Pile). The MLPP is a reinforcement technique far the conventional SCP or GCP piles by confining them with geotextile pack. A pilot project at Busan New Port site and laboratory model tests were carried out to investigate the settlement reduction and bearing capacity enhancement effect of pack pile. The results of field and laboratory tests show that MLPP method can be a safe and economic alternative method for SCP and GCP.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to select world top 20 major container terminals that belong to Korea and China as comparison units to analyze their efficiency and productivity trend. Super Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis(SE-DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index(MPI) models were applied to this study. Compared with previous studies, we narrowed down the scope of the comparison units to terminals and conducted more detailed analysis to present more meaningful implications to the actual operation. The different result from existing studies, SE-DEA analysis implied that the major terminals of Busan New Port showed similar efficiency and productivity with China's terminals. In MPI analysis, the average index of Korean and China's terminals is 1.051 and 1.049. The analysis indicates that the productivity was improved 5.1% and 4.9% annually. From 2012 to 2015, the average terminal TCI index of South Korea and China were 1.032 and 1.0318-the main factor which influences MPI. This means improving productivity mainly rely on investment in new equipment and technology upgrades rather than improve operational efficiency over the past few years. Future management decisions should consider more aggressive marketing to increase the volume and improve operational efficiency to enhance productivity. Further research should apply the overall efficiency of the methodology considering the financial diversification, terminal capacity, service levels, and other factors.