• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2011

Low-fat sausages with or without 10% hydrated rice flour were made from duck, chicken and pork and their physical and sensory properties were compared. Results showed that moisture content did not differ significantly among the sausage batters. However, crude protein, crude fat and total ash content were significantly lower in the group with added rice flour compared with the no flour group. Crude protein and crude fat were the highest in pork sausages without rice flour (p<0.05). Adding 10% rice flour reduced total expressible fluid in all meat type sausages. Cooking loss was also decreased when 10% rice flour was used in making sausages from chicken and pork. However, no changes in cooking loss were found in duck meat by adding rice flour. Again, the highest cooking loss was in pork sausages without rice flour and lowest in chicken sausages with 10% rice flour. The pH of the meat from different animal species differs significantly, although no significant difference was found within meat types with or without rice flour. Lightness ($L^*$) increased, while redness ($a^*$) decreased with adding rice flour in all meat type sausages. Results showed that hardness was significantly reduced when 10% rice flour was added to pork, chicken and duck meat (p<0.05). This may be due to increased water retention of rice flour after cooking. Sensory evaluation indicated that the overall acceptability of pork and chicken sausages with or without rice flour was the same, but duck sausages without rice flour had the highest off-flavor score among the sausages. Addition of rice flour increased the overall acceptability of duck sausage to that of pork and chicken sausages.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2022

The objectives of this study were to investigate the behavior characteristics of pathogenic E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes in various kinds of meat (beef, chicken, and pork) and to compare their risk using FDA-iRISK. The growth of S. Typhimurium in chicken and pathogenic E. coli in pork and beef was well supported and posed a high risk. A similar trend was observed in the risk comparison results using the iRISK. When comparing total disability adjusted life years (DALY) per year based on the kinds of meat, chicken was the highest (88.2), followed by pork (58.5) and beef for "yukhoe" (18.8). When comparing scenarios grouped by bacteria, The highest total DALYs per year was observed with pathogenic E. coli (121), followed by S. Typhimurium (44.8) and L. monocytogenes (1.67E-³). These results indicate that the risk of combining meat and foodborne pathogens varies under the same distribution environment. Thus, strict management and supervision are required to store and deliver raw meat to prevent cross-contamination among the raw meats at the processing plant and retail market.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.254-260
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• 2000

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used to detect irradiated meat containing bones (chicken, pork and beef）, to investigate the effect of irradiation dose on the ESR signal intensity and to identify the stability of radicals under 9 weeks of storage. Chicken, pork and beef were irradiated with doses 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 kGy at room temperature using a Co-60 irradiator. Bones were pieced and dried, which were placed in a quartz tube within an Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer resonator cavity. The irradiated bone presented an asymmetric absorption in shape, different from that of a non-irradiated one. The signal intensity of smaller animals are lower than larger species. Variation was observed between samples of the same species depending on the calcification status of the bone. Moreover different irradiation doses produced different signal areas that make possible to estimate the absorbed dose of treated meat. The ESR signal stability after irradiation was stable in even after a 9 week storage at room temperature.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.496-499
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• 2014

Korean traditional meat patties (Tteokgalbi) were prepared by replacing part of the lean meat content with either pork backfat or canola oil and the effect of substitution on sensory quality of the meat patties was investigated. Compared to the control patties, pork-loin Tteokgalbi with 10% pork backfat or 10% canola oil had significantly higher overall acceptability and higher perceived intensity of meat flavor, sweetness, umami, and oiliness. The pork-loin patties containing 10% fat also had lower perceived firmness, toughness, and chalkiness of than the control Tteokgalbi. The chicken breast Tteokgalbi with 10% canola oil had the lowest perceived firmness and chalkiness (control > pork backfat > canola oil). No significant difference was noted in the overall acceptability of chicken breast patties with 10% pork backfat and those with 10% canola oil. These results indicate that substituting 10% of lean meat of Tteokgalbi with fat improved the sensory acceptability of the product for Korean customers regardless of the lean meat and/or fat source used in the patties. Lean meat patties formulated with a limited amount of vegetable oil such as canola oil can be a healthy option for Korean consumers by providing desirable fatty acid profiles without sacrificing sensory quality of the product.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.638-645
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• 2015

This effect of replacing pork with corn starch, chicken breast and surimi on the chemical composition, physical, texture and sensory properties of sausage were investigated during storage. Five treatments of sausage such as; T1 (10:0:0, %), T2 (10:5:0, %), T3 (10:10:5, %), T4 (10:15:10, %) and T5 (10:20:15, %) were prepared with replacement of pork with corn starch, chicken breast and surimi. The sausage made with pork meat served as control (C). The sausage in the control had higher moisture and fat contents, but lower protein content than the treatments (p<0.05). The sausages in the T2 and T5 had decreased pH values after 3 wk storage (p<0.05). The lightness value was lowest in the T3, while the yellowness values were lowest in the T5 during the storage. The TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) values were lowest in the control in all storage times (p<0.05). However, the sausage in the control had higher VBN (volatile basic nitrogen) value than the treatments during the 1 wk storage (p<0.05). All treatments had significantly higher hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness values (p<0.05) than the control. The results indicated that corn starch, chicken breast and surimi can used as a pork replacer, that it also improves the physicochemical and texture properties of pork sausages.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1997

Surface swab samples from beef (188), pork (240) and chicken (95) carcasses were collected from slaughterhouse in Kangwon and Kyunggi areas from March through July 1996. The samples were examined on the level of E. coli biotype I relevant to fecal contamination due to unsanitary processing control and the existence of verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC). E. coli biotype I were confirmed from 38.8% of beef, 40.0% of pork, and 69.5% of chicken carcasses. Little variation was noted among three sampling points; rump, flank and neck of beef, ham, belly and jowls of pork. coli O157:H7 was only confirmed from 2 of 188 beef carcasses. E. coli biotype I. All the isolated E. coli O157 showed positive for vero cell cytotoxicity test. Isolation rate of E. coli O157 in summer was higher than in spring. In case of pork and chicken carcasses, E. coli O157 was isolated in summer only.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1285-1291
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• 2007

This research investigated variation in the improvement of the texture of chicken and pork sausages induced by microbial transglutaminase (MTG). The extractability of myofibrillar proteins from these sausages as well as the ${\varepsilon}-({\gamma}-glutamyl)$lysine (G-L)　content were also investigated. MTG treatment of sausages significantly increased the breaking strength values in both meat types, especially for samples incubated at $40^{\circ}C$. However, values of the breaking strength in both meat types were increased differently. The variation in protein extractability of samples incubated at $40^{\circ}C$ for both meat types could lead to some consideration of the mechanisms and the high accessions of myosin heavy chain (MHC) to MTG. SDS-PAGE analysis showed significant changes in the density of the bands after adding MTG, especially for the pork samples in which the bands disappeared totally. The G-L content in the presence of MTG was double that in control samples of both meat types. This study suggests that the binding ability of myofibrillar proteins with MTG is strong. This leads us to suggest that MTG functions positively with different improvements in the texture of chicken and pork products that are treated mechanically, such as sausages. Variability in gel improvement level between chicken and pork sausages was observed; this resulted from the variation in meat proteins in response to MTG, as well as to the original glutamyl and lysine content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1472-1478
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• 2004

The effects of microorganisms inoculated in beef, pork and chicken on the production of various biogenic amines (BA) were examined. Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus alimentarius, Lactobacillus curvatus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Mesenteroides, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aerugina, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were inoculated into beef, pork and chicken and incubated for 24 h at optimum temperatures of each bacterium. In ground beef, total amount of amines (TAA) produced was highest in the sample inoculated with Bacillus cereus, followed by Enterobacter cloacae. In ground pork, TAA was highest in the sample inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis, followed by Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus cereus. TAA of chicken breast was highest in the sample inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis, followed by Bacillus cereus and Lactobacillus alimentarius while in chicken leg was the sample inoculated with Proteus vulgaris, followed by Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae and Alcaligenes faecalis. Among biogenic amines produced, cadaverine (CAD) was detected at the highest level, followed by putrescine (PUT) and tyramine (TYM), their order being reversed by the kind of microorganism in beef and pork. In chicken breast and leg, CAD level was still the highest but PUT, TYM or PHM was the second highest, depending upon the kind of microorganism inoculated. In total, Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus were ones that produced a larger amount of BAs regardless of meat sources from different species.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.213-238
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate protein consumption market trends in Korea. Protein consumption was divided according to the protein source into meat, fishery, and plant-based protein. To accomplish the goal of this study, food purchase data from 525 households panels collected by the Rural Development Administration over the last 10 years were used. The results of the study showed an increase or decrease in protein consumption by protein type over the last 10 years, and a reason to explain this change has been suggested. Specifically, this study found a dramatic increase in the consumption of several proteins, including beef sirloin, beef tenderloin, seasoned beef & steak, pork belly, pork shoulder, pork neck, seasoned pork, pork cutlet, sweet and sour pork, canned ham, chicken drumstick, chicken breast, dak gangjeong, Chinese fried chili chicken, salmon, eel, abalone, squid, octopus, webfoot octopus, octopus minor, canned whelk, tofu, cold bean soup,and plant-based milk. Some items showed no increase in consumption (such as beef jerky, pork rib, sausage, bacon, whole raw chicken, cutlass fish, oyster, fish cake, crab stick, surimi sausage,and canned fishery), whereas a few items showed decreased consumption (e.g., mackerel, pollack, cod,and canned tuna)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2007

Changes in the concentrations of biogenic amines (BAs) in fresh beef, pork, and chicken breast and leg were investigated during storage, and the relationship between the content of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and BAs was evaluated. As the storage period increased, the levels of putrescine (PUT), cadaverine (CAD) and tyramine (TYM) increased in all the meat samples, except for TYM in beef (p<0.001). The level of BAs in beef, pork and chicken changed but the extent of these changes was different among the kinds of BAs and meats. Measurement of the VBN content was confirmed as a good index for interpreting the specific BAs content in general, such as PUT, CAD, and TYM, as well as evaluating a meat's freshness during storage. However, the kinds of BAs which can be predicted from the VBN content varied in different meats (p<0.05).