• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2012

Kelp grouper ($Epinephelus$ $bruneus$ Bloch 1793) is a commercially important fish in Korea. In recent years, the catch of kelp grouper in the coastal waters of Korea has significantly declined. Despite its importance, little is known about its genetic diversity and conservation efforts are hampered. In this study, we isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci using an enrichment method based on magnetic/biotin capture of microsatellite sequences from a size-selected genomic library. All loci were readily amplified and contained TG/CA denucleotide repeats. To characterize each locus, 30 individuals from a natural E. bruneus population in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, were genotyped. All loci except three, KEm118, KEm154, and KEm219, were polymorphic, with an average of 8.1 alleles per locus (range 2-18). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.47 (range 0.19-1.00) and 0.61 (range 0.29-0.92), respectively. A significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed at three loci (KEm134, KEm184, and KEm283). These findings will be useful for effective monitoring and management of genetic variation of kelp grouper as well as for the implementation of a fisheries conservation program.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2008

The canine fearfulness is a behavioral trait known to have a genetic basis. This research analyzed genetic effects of the dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism on this behavior by postulating a mixed model of inheritance. Genotyping for the three different repeat polymorphism found in the third exon of the receptor gene was carried out for the population of the Korean native dogs. Four hundred fifty eight dogs with known pedigree were genotyped, and 264 individuals were tested for their fear responses to an experimenter, in which four different behavioral paradigms were adopted. Since the results assessed by principal factor analysis revealed a major factor explaining 69% of the total phenotypic variance, the subsequent analyses were conducted for this quantity. Analyses of the factor scores by estimating their posterior means indicated that there is a fixed effect exerted by the three different repeat polymorphism found in the D4 receptor as well as sex, in addition to unidentified polygenic effects. The phenotypic contribution of the D4 genotype was roughly estimated to be about 2%, which is a fraction of the total genetic effects responsible for more than 20% of the total phenotypic variance.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.324-329
• /
• 1995

제주 재래마와 쓰시마 재래마 간의 유전적 유연관계를 16개 혈액 단백질 좌위의 유전적 다형현상을 분석하여 연구하였다. 두 지역의 재래마 집단에서 5개의 단백질 좌위를 제외한 11개 좌위에서는 유전적 다형현상을 보였다. 다형현상을 나타내는 좌위에서 분석된 유전자 빈도를 이용하여 평균 이형접합자 빈도를 분석한 결과 제주 재래마에서는 0.375로 쓰시마 재래마의 0.304 보다 다소 높게 나타났다. Nei방법에 의해 계산된 Da distance와 유전자 동일성은 각각 0.108과 0.868이었다. 본 연구결과와 이미 보고된 아메리카말 집단들에서의 결과를 이용하여 phylogenetic tree를 구성하여 본 결과 크게 세 개의 cluster를 이루었다. 즉 아메리카말 집단들이 하나의 cluster를 이루었고 제주 재래마 집단이 하나의 cluster를 이루었으며, 이 두 cluster는 현존 말의 기원으로 보는 몽고 야생마 cluster에서 분지됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2004

Fast kinetics of transient pH changes and difference spectrum formation have been investigated following mixing of ADP/ATP with partially purified plasma membrane PM-ATPase of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in the presence of five nutrients: glucose, glutamic acid, proline, lysine, and arginine and two analogs of glucose: 2-deoxy D-glucose and xylose. Average $H^+$- absorption to release ratio, indicative of population of ATPase undergoing complete hydrolytic cycle, was found to be 0.27 for control. This ratio varied between 0.25 (proline) to 0.36 (arginine) for all other compounds tested, except for glucose. In the presence of glucose, $H^+$- absorption to release ratio was exceptionally high (0.92). While no UV difference spectrum was observed with ADP, mixing of ATP with ATPase led to a large conformational change. Exposure to different nutrients restricted the magnitude of the conformational change; the analogs of glucose were found to be ineffective. This suppression was maximal in the case of glucose (80%); with other nutrients, the magnitude of suppression ranged from 40-50%. Rate of $H^+$- absorption, which is indicative of E~P complex dissociation, showed positive correlation with suppression of conformational change only in the case of glucose and no other nutrient/analog. Mode of interaction of glucose with plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase thus appears to be strikingly distinct compared to that of other nutrients/analogs tested. The results obtained lead us to propose a model for explaining glucose stimulation of plasma membrane $H^+$-ATPase activity.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 1972

Nine shrub layer communities under two relatively well conserved natural summer green forests in the central region of Korean Peninsula were studied for the pattern of stem distribution in terms of Greig-Smith's multiple split-plot experiment and for the association between the population of the two main species in terms of Kershaw's covariance analysis respectively. Four contiguous belt transects, $4{\times}64m size with 1{\times}1m$ basic unit, were set in each shrub layer communities. Significant primary clumps with $1{\times}1m or 1{\times}2m$ dimension wer observed consistently throughout the nine study sites. The primary clumps themselves were significantly distributed either regularly or at random. The association between the two principal species of each shrub layer is highly significantly either positive or negative in $1{\times}1m or 1{\times}2m$ dimension. As the plot size increases from $1{\times}1m to 8{\times}8m$ the associational trends were changed from negative to positive direction in one forests. But the change from positive to negative direction and the consistent negative association were also observed from the other forest. All of the association trends were observed only from $1{\times}1m to 4{\times}4m$ dimension. These results are suggestive that the distributional pattern of the shrub layer species under the summer green forest is simple mosaic fashioned with $1{\times}1m or 1{\times}2m$ dimension. The rest of the principal species are located in that matrix. The simple mosaic pattern of two principal species are located in that matrix. The simple mosaic pattern of two principal species seems to be controlled by change in micro-environmental pattern. Differences between the primary random group and clumped group among sites also suggest that competition exists for light or/and soil between primary clumped groups.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2000

성체 소의 망막에 존재하는 doparminergic 신경세포의 형태를 연구하였다. Dopaminerglc 세포는 항체면역세포화학적 방법을 이용하여 확인하였다. Tyrosine hydroxylase 면역 반응 신경 세포의 대부분은 내핵층의 가장 깊은 부분에 위치했다. 이들 세포들의 돌기들은 단층이었으며 그리고 내망상층의 1층내에 위치했다. Tyrosine-hydroxylase 면역 반응되는 두 번째 주요 세포 집단은 치환된 amacrine 세포들이다. 치환된 tyrosine-hydroxylase 면역 반응 amacrine 세포의 돌기들도 역시 내망상층의 1층내에 나타났다. 소수의 신경 세포의 돌기들은 외망상층에서 나타났다. 매우 낮은 밀도의 신경세포들은 내망상층의 중간과 깊은 층에서 tyrosine-hydroxylase 면역 반응 돌기들의 추가적인 층을 가졌다. Doparminergic 신경세포의 돌기들은 방사선형으로 넓게 신장되어 큰 모양을 형성하였고 수상돌기의 가지들은 적당하게 뻗어 있었다. 이러한 돌기들은 때때로 varicosity를 가지지만 "dendritic rings"을 형성하지는 않았다. 본연구의 결과는 doparminergic 세포는 소의 망막내 특이 신경세포 형태를 구성하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제18권11호
• /
• pp.1809-1818
• /
• 2008

Biotechnological treatment of sulfate- and metal-ions-containing acidic wastewaters from mining and metallurgical activities utilizes sulfate-reducing bacteria to produce sulfide that can subsequently precipitate metal ions. Reducing sulfate at a low pH has several advantages above neutrophilic sulfate reduction. This study describes the effect of sulfide removal on the reactor performance and microbial community in a high-rate sulfidogenic gas-lift bioreactor fed with hydrogen at a controlled internal pH of 5. Under sulfide removal conditions, 99% of the sulfate was converted at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h, reaching a volumetric activity as high as 51 mmol sulfate/l/d. Under nonsulfide removal conditions, <25% of the sulfate was converted at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h reaching volumetric activities of <13 mmol sulfate/l/d. The absence of sulfide removal at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h resulted in an average $H_2S$ concentration of 18.2 mM (584 mg S/I). The incomplete sulfate removal was probably due to sulfide inhibition. Molecular phylogenetic analysis identified 11 separate 16S rRNA bands under sulfide stripping conditions, whereas under nonsulfide removal conditions only 4 separate 16S rRNA bands were found. This shows that a less diverse population was found in the presence of a high sulfide concentration.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.180-196
• /
• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the potential of leports-fishing for improving fishing household income. Leports-fishing is a composite concept which is combined with those of leisure, sports and fishing. Korean on-shore resources have also a composite characteristic. The properties of the east, west and south coastal waters are quite different in geography, biology and ecology. There is a array of leports-fishing development potentials of utilizing their characteristics. At present, angling forms a main activity of leports-fishing, but coastal seas would be an emerging space for the public. In order for them to be a ground of fun, enjoyment and festivals, it would be necessary to supply a wide range of activities and facilities including angling, scuba diving, fish barbecue, ecological experience, fishing experience, cruise, and so forth. As seen in the survey results, the participants have strong desire for fun and enjoyment through leports-fishing activities. The proportion of people participating in one or two times a year amounts to 40 percent. Most coastal places visited are close to medium/large cities and two-days leports-fishing/tourism accounts for some 77 percent. However, it turned out that conflicts between leports-fishing participants and fishermen are not serious. The results of expenditure function estimation appear that the elasticity of per capita income is very high with 1.2660 and that there are negative relationships between leports-fishing expenditure and transportation/food/lodging costs. Assuming the annual national economic growth rate of 4 percent, it is anticipated that Korean leports-fishing population will increase to 3.18 million in 2010 and 4.07 million in 2015. Korean leports-fishing market potential in 2015, which is calculated based on per capita expenditure on leports-fishing, appears to amount to 1,400 billion won~1,600 billion won. The contribution of such market potential to the fishing households is expected to be 62.3~74.2 percent(934.5 billion won~111.3 billion won).

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.83-92
• /
• 2013

Genetic studies on facial morphology targeting healthy populations are fundamental in understanding the specific genetic influences involved; yet, most studies to date, if not all, have been focused on congenital diseases accompanied by facial anomalies. To study the specific genetic cues determining facial morphology, we estimated familial correlations and heritabilities of 14 facial measurements and 3 latent factors inferred from a factor analysis in a subset of the Korean population. The study included a total of 229 individuals from 38 families. We evaluated a total of 14 facial measurements using 2D digital photographs. We performed factor analysis to infer common latent variables. The heritabilities of 13 facial measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. Of these, the heritability of intercanthal width in the orbital region was found to be the highest ($h^2$ = 0.61, SE = 0.14). Three factors (lower face portion, orbital region, and vertical length) were obtained through factor analysis, where the heritability values ranged from 0.45 to 0.55. The heritability values for each factor were higher than the mean heritability value of individual original measurements. We have confirmed the genetic influence on facial anthropometric traits and suggest a potential way to categorize and analyze the facial portions into different groups.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2006

복숭아순나방(Grapholita molesta (Busck))의 교미교란제인 SPLAT$^{(R)}$와 Isomate$^{(R)}$-ROSSO의 교미교란효과를 각각 영천과 경산 및 청송과 영주에서 조사하였다. 성페로몬 트랩을 이용하여 4월 말부터 5월 말까지 야외 집단의 발생정도를 조사한 결과, 네 지역에서 모두 월동세대 개체군이 발생함을 확인하였다. 두 가지 형태의 교미교란제는 분석시기 10일 전에 포장에 처리되었으며, 두 교미교란제 모두는 수컷의 성유인물 탐지능력을 억제시켰다. 그러나 이 두 가지 교미교란제를 비교하면 SPLAT 형태가 Isomate 형태보다 교란 효과가 높았다. 이러한 교미교란 효과는 조사기간 동안 복숭아순나방의 피해로 여겨지는 신초 피해를 억제하는 능력과 높은 상관성을 가졌다.