• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-40
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate hippological differences between Jeju ponies and Jeju Pony crossbreds population. This is the first repot of the differences use an anhidrosis in Korean native horses. The precise prevalence of anhidrosis is unknown; however, it has been estimated that 6-20% of horses may be affected. However, there is no report about the incidence of the disease in pony breeds. We performed diagnosis by clinical signs (sweating) to investigate the incidence of anhidrosis in Jeju Ponies(n=340) and Jeju Pony crossbreds (n=536) at Jeju Race Park from July to September in 2012 as a way of find of hippological difference. Results of this study showed that 74 (21.8%) of the 340 examined Jeju Ponies and 61 (11.4%) of the 536 examined Jeju Pony crossbreds had anhidrosis. So, the former had almost two times higher than the later. Among 74 Jeju Ponies those had the disease, 50 were male (23.1%) and 24 were female (19.4%). Among 61 Jeju Pony crossbreds those had the disease, 22 were male (9.5%) and 39 were female (12.8). In Jeju Ponies, anhidrosis were most common in above the age of 5, followed by 4, 2, 3-years-old. For Jeju Pony crossbreds, the disease were most common in 2-years-old, followed by above the age of 5, 4, 3-years-old. In two breeds, 3-year-old animals were most rare respectively. There was no predilection of age and sex which is correlated with another study. In conclusion, the incidence of anhidrosis in the ponies were considerably similar foreign countries. However, the authors thought that causes of the difference of the breeds were origin and genetic differences.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.285-287
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• 2015

말(horse)의 이리치아 잔존율은 암수모두에서 13-31.9%라고 보고되었다. 그러나 포니(pony)의 이리치아 잔존율은 보고된 적이 없다. 저자들은 제주마와 제주산마의 이리치아 잔존율을 알아보기 위하여 2006년부터 2010년까지 제주경마공원의 경주마에서 시진 및 촉진을 통하여 구강을 검사하였다. 검사결과, 2,675마리에서 90 마리(제주마 30마리, 제주산마 60마리)가 이리치아를 가지고 있었고 잔존율은 3.4%였다. 제주마의 잔존율은 30마리중 수말이 73.3% (22마리), 암말이 26.7% (8마리), 제주산마는 60마리 중 수말이 41.7% (25), 암말이 58.3% (35마리)였다. 나이별분석에서는 제주마는 3세마가 가장 많았고 4세이상마 그리고 2세마 순이었으나 제주산마는 3세마, 2세마 그리고 4세이상마순이었다. 그러나 2종류의 경주마에서 아래턱의 이리치아는 전무하였다. 결론적으로, 제주마와 제주산마의 이리치아 잔존율은 외국에 비해 매우 낮았다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.400-401
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• 2016

The object of this study was to evaluate the possibility and incidence of innate pacer in Jeju raceresource. This peculiar gait occurs naturally in some foreign breeds. To author's knowledge, this is the first report of innate pacers on the Korean native horse. In order to determine the incidence of pacer in Jeju Ponies and Jeju Pony crossbreds, gait analysis and pedigree check were performed at the Let's Run Park Jeju (total 547 ponies and pony crossbred racers) in 2013. Results of this study showed that 16 (8.1%) of the 198 examined Jeju Ponies. However, 349 Jeju Pony crossbreds had no innate pacers. Of the 16 Jeju Pony pacers, 11 males (68.8%) and 5 females (31.2%) are included in the present study. In conclusion, only the Jeju Pony was innate pacers like other foreign breeds. The authors suspect that the causes of the difference of the breeds were origin of the pony and genetic differences.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate changes in hematological and serum biochemical parameters in ponies exercising 3 times a day. The study included 10 healthy 4- to 5-year-old Jeju crossbred ponies used in riding lessons at an equestrian riding school. Hematology and serum chemistry samples were obtained before the initial lesson and after the last lesson of the day. The post-exercise results showed that packed cell volume, white blood cell, red blood cell, hemoglobin, and total protein levels increased significantly (p < 0.05). Serum Na⁺ also increased significantly (p < 0.01), but serum Ca⁺⁺ decreased significantly (p < 0.01). Creatinine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and bilirubin levels increased significantly (p < 0.05), but the glucose level decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum cortisol hormone level increased significantly (p < 0.01). The results suggest that participating in riding lessons three times a day may result in various physiological changes, indicating the presence of exercise-related stress in riding ponies.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 1984

Ponies were administered at the level of 0.1mg per kg of body weight of acetylpromazine malate through the jugular vein. Sedative effect, clinical signs such as body temperature, and changes of red blood cell counts and serum glucose concentration were investigated. Sedation was induced 5 to 6 minutes after injection of acepromazine and sedative effect was lasted for 30 to 40 minutes. Responsive reactions, however, to external stimuli were remained. Change of body temperature was not observed and heart beat was increased at the stage of induction and respiratory rate was decreased during the sedative period. Red blood cell count was considerably decreased during sedation, and concentration of serum glucose showed a tendency to increase gradually from the induction.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.23-26
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• 2012

This study was conducted on 85 non-racing pleasure horses raised in Busan race park of Korea Racing Authority to investigate the prevalence of stereotypic behavioral problems in horses. the observation had been continued from March to October of 2010, and the study animals included warm-bloods, Jeju ponies and donkeys. Although there was no temperament problem detected, a wide range of well-known stable vices were observed in 15 horses. The most frequently observed stereotype was cribbing (8.2%), and it was followed by weaving (1.2%), biting (1.2%), eating too fast (1.2%), pawing (1.2%) and scraping the teeth on something (1.2%) with the equal prevalence rate. These behavioral disorders were only detected in warm-bloods, while those were absent in Jeju ponies and donkeys. In addition, primary behavioral disorders were more dominant than mimicking behaviors.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.357-359
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• 2014

말전염성빈혈(EIA)은 전세계의 마과동물에서 발생하는 전염병이다. 2005년부터 2011년까지 제주에서 사육되는 말을 대상으로 EIA를 조사하였다. 한국마사회 제주경마공원 동물병원에서 제주마 1,329 마리 및 한라마(제주산마) 8,324 마리 그리고 제주목장의 동물병원에서 Thoroughbred 말 387 마리 등 7년간 총 10,040마리를 효소면역측정법을 이용하여 검사하였다. 조사기간 동안 혈액에서 EIA 항체는 검출되지 않았다. 1985년 이후부터 제주에서 EIA 항체가 검출된 적이 없고, 발병 예도 없었다. 그러므로 제주에는 EIA가 없는 것으로 생각된다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

We investigated seasonal variation of diurnal activity patterns in Jeiu ponies (Equus caballus). The data were collected from a semi-natural herd during daylight hours from March to September 1998. Over all months the mean proportion of time spent grazing was 83.7% ( $\pm$29.7 S.D.): that resting was 15.7$\pm$17%, grooming 0.7$\pm$1.2%, and moving 0.56$\pm$5.4%, Activity patterns varied with the seasons. The mean proportion of grazing mares peaked during late winter and early spring (March), when there was not enough food, and declined during other seasons (between May and September), when food was abundant. The mean proportion of mares that were resting and mutual grooming peaked in spring (April and May), at which time the weather was warm and food became abundant. During other seasons when grasses started to grow and the weather was mildly cool, these activities were less common. The mean proportion of mares that were moving peaked in June, although it was a small proportion of the total activity. For those mares without foals, resting periods were longer in older mares than in younger mares, but for the mares with foals this pattern was not evident. From these data, we hypothesize that the dominance hierarchy of the mares effects the diurnal activity pattern.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

We investigated interventions by mother Jeju ponies on Jeju Island, Korea, to determine whether mothers assisted their offspring to attain higher status within the dominance hierarchy. Because dominance rank is important within each gender, we predicted that mothers would be more likely to intervene when their foals were play-fighting with foals of the same gender. A total of 173 play-fighting events were recorded from March to October 1998 and from April to October 1999. Of these, foals were more likely to play-fight with a foal of the same gender as with a foal of the opposite gender (120 versus 53 occurrences, respectively). A mother of one of the foals that were play-fighting intervened in 17 of these interactions. Contrary to the prediction, a mare was more likely to intervene when opposite genders interacted than when the same gender interacted. Analyzing interactions between the opposite genders further, mothers were equally likely to intervene when a daughter was play-fighting with a male foal as when a son was play-fighting with a female foal. Hence, mothers were not more protective of daughters than sons. Mothers that were in the younger age class ($2\sim11$ years old) were as likely to intervene as those in the elder age class ($17\sim25$ years old). However, all foals that were harassed were offspring of mothers in the younger, more subordinate age class. intervention directly maintains the dominance rank of the intervening mother, and may indirectly assist the intervening mother's foal to achieve a higher dominance rank. By discouraging their foals from play-fighting with the opposite genders, dominant mothers may be encouraging their foals to play-fight with the same gender and participate in establishing its own dominance rank.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.147-153
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• 1993

A total of 109 heads of horses and ponies from eight horseback riding clubs nearby Central Taiwan were investigated to evaluate the blood parameters and the biochemical compositions of serum for the documentation of clinical pathological diagnosis and exercise physiology. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of resting horses. The sex difference in the blood traits were compared both in horses and in ponies. Results shows that total plasma proteins (PP) and hematocrit (PCV) were found higher in male horses than in females (p < 0.05). The sexual effect also exertes a significant influence on the leucocyte (WBC) count, but not on the erythrocyte (RBC) concentration. According to the differential counts of leucocytes, the number of monocytes and lymphocytes was higher in the male pony than that of in male horse. A close relationship Between the erythrocyte sedimention rate (ESR) and the other blood parameters were found especially in PCV, RBC concentration, and plasma protein level. The average ESR observed at 60 minutes were $21.80{\pm}21.87mm$, $39.50{\pm}18.90mm$ and $43.73{\pm}17.89mm$ in stallions, geldings, and mares, respectively. Most of the biochemical components of horse serum detected were distributed in normal ranges, although some of the items show a great variation in such a large sample size.