• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.251-259
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• 1988

Regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in ten portions of the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native cattle were observed by immunocytochemical methods using specific antisera against chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide(BPP), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide(GIP), neurotensin, secretin, gastrin and substance P. The results observed are summarized as follows: In the abomasum, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, motilin-, glucagon-, gastrin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were found. Chromogranin-and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the fundic region than pyloric region. Somatostatin- and gastrinimmunoreactive cells were numerous in the pyloric region than in the fundic region. In the small intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, glucagon-, BPP-, motilin-, gastrin-, GIP-, neurotensin-, secretin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were detected. Chromogranin-, somatostatin-, GIP- and secretin-immunoreactive cells were most numerous in the duodenum, while BPP-, motilin-, glucagon-, neurotensin- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the small intestine. In the large intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed and most numerous in the rectum. Somatostatin-, glucagon- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the large intestine.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.574-581
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• 2004

The full-length cDNA of the lumbrokinase fraction 6 (F6) protease gene of Lumbricus rubellus was amplified using an mRNA template, sequenced and expressed in E. coli cells. The F6 protease gene consisted of pro- and mature sequences by gene sequence analysis, and the protease was translated and modified into active mature polypeptide by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the F6 protease. The pro-region of F6 protease consisted of the 44 residues from methionine-1 to lysine-44, and the mature polypeptide sequence (239 amino acid residues and one stop codon; 720 bp) started from isoleucine-45 and continued to the terminal residue. F6 protease gene clones having pro-mature sequence and mature sequence produced inclusion bodies in E. coli cells. When inclusion bodies were orally administrated rats, generated thrombus weight in the rat' venous was reduced by approximately 60% versus controls. When the inclusion bodies were solubilized in pepsin and/or trypsin solutions, the solubilized enzymes showed hemolytic activity in vitro. It was concluded the F6 protease has hemolytic activity, and that it is composed of pro- and mature regions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.563-568
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to obtain basic information of biochemical changes in the process of senescence by measuring the total RNA, protein, protease activity and electrophoretic pattern of protein in tobacco plant. The content of soluble protein increased by 15 days after leaf emergence and its level was not changed from 15 to 35 days after leaf emergence. The content of total RNA showed a maximum value at 15 days after leaf emergence and then decreased rapidly until 30 days after leaf emergence. The activity of protease of neutral fraction was higher than that of acidic fraction and rapidly increased up to the end of senescence after 50 days after leaf emergence. According to the analysis of electrophoresis, polypeptide band of 61kd was developed after 35 days after leaf emergence and increased by the end of senescence.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 1997

Random sequencing of expressed sequence tags in roots of Chinese cabbage led to isolation of a partial cDNA clone, BR77, which encoded a putative protein kinase. Using the BR77 cDNA as a probe, we isolated a full-length cDNA encoding the Brassica campestris protein kinase 1 (Bcpk1). The Bcpt1 cDNA contained one open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 439 amino acids. The putative polypeptide consisted of a short N-terminal region and a protein kinase catalytic domain. The catalytic domain of Bcpkl showed a high homology to cAMP- and calcium- phospholipid-dependent subfamilies of serine/threonine protein kineses. Eleven major catalytic domains in protein kineses were well conserved in Bcpk1. However, Bcpk1 contained a unique nonhomologous intervening sequence between subdomains VII and VIII, which was not found in protein kineses of animals and lower eukaryotes. Genomic DNA gel blot analysis showed that Bcpt1 genes might be present as three copies in the Chinese cabbage genome. These imply that Bcpk1 belongs to a plant-specific serine/threonine protein kinase subfamily.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2003

To elucidate the effect of gamma-irradiation on the physicochemical properties of zein films, the molecular and mechanical properties of the films were examined after irradiation at various irradiation doses. Gamma-irradiation of zein solutions caused the disruption of the ordered structure of the zein molecules, as well as degradation, cross-linking, and aggregation of the polypeptide chains based on an SDS-PAGE study. Gamma-irradiation increased the solubility of zein and decreased the viscosity due to cleavage of the polypeptide chains. Protein solubility of the zein films in urea/2-mercaptoethanol also increased with increasing irradiation doses. Alterations of the zein molecules by irradiation decreased water vapor per-meability by 12% and increased the elongation of zein films. However, mean tensile strength of the zein films was decreased by gamma-irradiation treatment. Measurement of Hunter color values indicated that irradiation caused a destructive effect on yellow pigments, resulting in a significant decrease in Hunter b values. The microstructure as observed by scanning electron microscopy showed that irradiated zein film had a smoother and glossier surface than the non-irradiated films.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1986

Total protein from 4 barley varieties(Olbori, Young San-bori, Sacheon 6, and Suwon 228) was separated into albumin, globulin hordein and glutelin fractions by the Osborne method and tile modified Osborne method in a previous report. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for the protein fractions revealed that there was a little difference in the polypeptide composition of each fraction among four varieties. The comparision of hordeins and hordein-Is by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 3.0 showed a marked difference among the varieties. Hordein-I contained a high level of glutamic acid and proline and low level of lysine. And (here was little difference in amino acid composition of hordein-Is which were extracted from the 4 varieties.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.178-183
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• 1994

The prolein components of each crystal toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki and alzawai were separated by SDS-PAGE. The major clqistal proteins from both shins were composed of paiypeptides having molecular weights of 130 kd and 64 kd. Digestive mixture of both. toxins with t~ypsin and gut juices shared 62 kd polypeptide which may be major actwe toxh. However, aizawal produced much less amount of 62 kd polypeptide than kurstaki did. On ingestion with Bt &-endotoxin, larvae of Hyphantria cunea developed 45 kd stress protein in the several tissues including fat body, which was induced by heat and cold shock.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.460-465
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• 2004

A 16-residue polypeptide model with the sequence acetyl-YALSLAATLLKEAASL-OH was derived by rational de novo peptide design. The designed sequence consists of amino acid residues with high propensity to adopt an alpha helical conformation, and sequential order was arranged to produce an amphipathic surface. The designed sequence was chemically synthesized using a solid-phase method and the polypeptide was purified by reverse-phase liquid chromatography. Molecular mass analysis by electro-spray ionization mass spectroscopy confirmed the correct designed sequence. Structural characterization by circular dichroism spectroscopy demonstrated that the peptide adopts the expected alpha helical conformation in 50% acetonitrile solution. Liposome binding assay using Small Unilamellar Vesicle (SUV) showed a marked release of entrapped glucose by interaction between the lipid membrane and the tested peptide. The channel-forming activity of the peptide was revealed by a planar lipid bilayer experiment. An analysis of the conducting current at various applied potentials suggested that the peptide forms a cationic ion channel with an intrinsic conductance of 188 pS. These results demonstrate that a simple rational de novo design can be successfully employed to create short peptides with desired structures and functions.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

The regional distribution and relative frequencies of endocrine cells were studied immunogistochemically (PAP methods) in the alimentary tract of the tree frog, Hyla areorea japonica, using specific antisera against serotonin, somatostatin, bovine Sp-1/chromogranin (BCG), cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin, bombesin, secretin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Six kinds of endocrine cells were identified in this study, These immunoreactive cells were located in the gastric glands of stomach regions and in the basal portion of the epithelium of the intestinal tract or esophagus with variable frequencies. They were spherical or spindle-shaped. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were observed in the whole alimentary tract including the esophagus. Somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were also detected throughout the alimentary tract except the rectum. CCK-8-immunoreactive cells were observed from the pylorus to ileum. Vip-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the rectum. Bombesin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the fundic gastric regions and gastrin-immunoreactive cells were restricted to the pylorus. However, no BCG-, secretin and PP-immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in this study. In conclusion, the regional distribution and relative frequency of the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the tree frog were similar to other anuran species, but some differences which may be caused by feeding habits and species specification were also observed.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.563-575
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• 1998

To investigate the changes during the differentiation of the cerebral neurons of chick embryo of tne embryogenic day (ED) 7 and 8, the ultrastructural changes in the cerebral neurons, the activity of dehydronases (LDH, MDH and SDH), protein expression profile and adenosine triphosphate concentration were analyzed. In ED 7 chick embryos, relatively large nucleus, centrally located nucleolus, evenly spread chromatin over nucleoplasm, and prominent nuclear envelope were observed. Oval-shaped mitochondria with well-developed cristae were present over entire cytoplasm. In ED 8 chick embryos, evenly spread chromatin over nucleoplasm, and prominent nuclear envelope were observed. In the cytoplasm, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex were observed. In ED 7 chick embryos and ED 8 chick embryos, 31 polypeptide bands and 34 polypeptide bands were observed, respectively. The activities of dehydrogenases were lower in ED 7 chick embryos than in ED 8 chick embryos. LDH activity was 8.16 (ED 7) and 9.28 (ED 8), MDH activity was 7.98 (ED 7) and 10.10 (ED 8), and SDH activity was 5.49 (ED 7) and 7.14 (ED 8) respectively. The ATP concentration remained unchanged over ED 7 and 8.