• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 1996

The principal significance of the urothelial changes caused by polyomavirus activation is in an erroneous diagnosis of urothelial cancer; however, the clue to their benign nature is the smooth structureless nuclear configuration and the relative paucity of affected cells. Though virologic studies and electron microscopy are usually needed to firmly establish the diagnosis, cytology is the most readily available and rapid means of establishing a presumptive diagnosis of human polyomavirus infection. A urine specimen of a 24-year-old man with hemorrhagic cystitis beginning two months after bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukemia(M2) was submitted for cytologic evaluation. Cytologic findings revealed a few inclusion-bearing epithelial cells intermingled with erythrocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Most of the inclusion-bearing fells had large, round to ovoid nuclei almost completely filled with homogeneous dark, basophilic inclusion. The chromatin was clumped along the periphery and the cytoplasm was mostly degenerated. The other cells exhibited irregular inclusions attached to the nuclear membrane surrounded by an indistinct halo. These findings were consistent with polyomavirus infection.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2022

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a ubiquitous virus residing in the kidney tubules and is clinically significant only in immunocompromised patients. In clinical practice, BKPyV is a causative pathogen of BKPyV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney allograft recipients or hemorrhagic cystitis of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Currently, there is no effective treatment for BKVAN; therefore, careful monitoring and prudent modification of immunosuppression are necessary to prevent BKVAN. In this article, the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and current management strategies for BKVAN are reviewed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.213-218
• /
• 2014

In early April 2014, a month-old Alexandrine Paraqeet (Psittacula eupatria) that was raised in a domestic aviary located in Gyungju-si, Korea was suddenly died and submitted to Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University in order to diagnose the causative agent. In post-mortem examination, the bird had abnormally developed feathers on the neck and abdomen region and subcutaneous hemorrhages on the neck and cheek adjacent to the beak. At necropsy, the bird had hemorrhage on the muscle of the femoral region, ascites, multi-focal hemorrhages on the epicardium, and diffuse hemorrhages on the sub-serosa of proventriculus and gizzard, suggesting typical avian polyomavirus (APV) infection. The partial large tumor (T) antigen gene of APV was detected by PCR from tissues of the heart, lung, liver, kidney, proventriculus and feathers of the APV-suspected birds. However, other pathogenic virus-specific nucleic acid common with psittacine birds such as avian bornavirus, psittacine beak and feather disease virus and psittacid herpesvirus were not detected from the mixed tissue samples of the bird, indicating this case is due to single infection of APV. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the partially amplified large T antigen DNA was confirmed to have 99~100% homology with that of the previously reported APV strains. This case report describes the first detection of APV in Alexandrine Paraqeet in Korea.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.293-297
• /
• 2017

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor that is highly aggressive in nature and indolent in progression. The common risk factors for MCC are senility, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and immune deficient states. Moreover, Merkel cell polyomavirus has recently been characterized to be significantly associated with pathogenesis of MCC, including the expression of Cytokeratin 20 (CK20). Diagnosis is often difficult since histopathological results require a number of differential diagnoses through immunohistochemical (IHC) stains with other cutaneous malignancies. A 67-year-old man presented with a solitary dome-shaped erythematous round mass on the left upper arm for 2 months. Biopsy and IHC studies revealed findings consistent with Merkel Cell Carcinoma of neuroendocrine origin. Common IHC stains usually confirm positive findings for CK20, which is also recognized as the key component in making the diagnosis. We present a CK20 negative MCC in light of expanding the knowledge of unusually stained IHC results in MCC.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.310-312
• /
• 2017

A five-month-old African grey parrot was presented with alopecia, yellowish diarrhea, depression, and paralysis in the veterinary medical center, Chungbuk National University. The patient died 3 h later after hospitalization. For the accurate diagnosis, necropsy was performed and fungi were detected in the air sac. PCR was done for the viral detection which caused the alopecia, and for the species identification of fungi. Final diagnosis was a multi infection with avian circoviruses that caused psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD), avian polyomavirus cause budgerigar fledgling disease (BFD), and Aspergillus fumigatus. This is the first report of a multi infection in South Korea.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제51권4호
• /
• pp.414-419
• /
• 2019

JC polyomavirus (JCPyV)는 viral group I, Polyomaviridae로 분류되는 사람 병원성 바이러스 이다. JCPyV는 최근 하수 등 수질오염 지표로 제안됨에 따라 수질환경에서 모니터링 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 임상 및 환경 시료 중 JCPyV 검출을 위해서 PCR 시스템이 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 신속하고 높은 검출 민감도를 가진 방법의 필요성에 따라 이번 연구에서는 등온증폭 프라이머 조합을 개발하였다. 이번에 개발한 방법은 기존 PCR 시스템에 비해 더욱 신속 및 약 10배 더 높은 검출 민감도를 보여주었다. 또한 본 연구에서 개발한 검출 방법의 재 검정을 위해서 HaeIII 제한효소를 이용한 방법을 함께 고안하였다. 따라서 이번 연구는 임상, 환경 등의 시료에서 JCPyV를 모니터링 하기 위한 방법으로 활용이 기대된다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.782-787
• /
• 2018

Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV) is not a naturally occurring infection in geese in China; however, GHPV infection has been identified in Pekin ducks, a domestic duck species. Herein, we investigated the prevalence of GHPV in five domestic duck species (Liancheng white ducks, Putian black ducks, Shan Sheldrake, Shaoxing duck, and Jinyun Sheldrake) in China. We determined that the Jinyun Sheldrake duck species could be infected by GHPV with no clinical signs, whereas no infection was identified in the other four duck species. We sequenced the complete genome of the Jinyun Sheldrake origin GHPV. Genomic data comparison suggested that GHPVs share a conserved genomic structure, regardless of the host (duck or geese) or region (Asia or Europe). Jinyun Sheldrake origin GHPV genomic characterization and epidemiological studies will increase our understanding of potential heterologous reservoirs of GHPV.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.67.1-67.11
• /
• 2022

Background: Budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus (BFDV) is the pathogen that causes budgerigar fledgling disease in psittacine species. The clinical signs of PBFV infection include ascites, hepatitis, and crop stasis. BFDV is associated with a high mortality rate in nestling birds. In contrast, adult birds only have mild symptoms such as feather dystrophy. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of BFDV in pet parrots in Korea. Methods: Fecal and tissue samples were collected from 217 pet parrots from 10 veterinary hospitals including Chungbuk National University Veterinary Hospital. The molecular screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the small t/large T antigen gene segment. Full-length genome sequencing with the Sanger and phylogenetic analysis were performed on BFDV-positive samples. Results: The PCR results based on the small t/large T antigen gene marker indicated that BFDV DNA was present in 10 out of 217 screened samples. A whole-genome sequence was obtained from six strains and phylogenetic analysis revealed no significant relationship existed between the species and geographical locations amongst them. Conclusions: The prevalence of BFDV infection in South Korea is not high when compared to the prevalence of BFDV in other parts of the world, however, it has been reported sporadically in various species and geographic locations. The whole-genome analysis revealed 0.2%-0.3% variation in intragenomic homogeneity among the six strains analyzed. Korean strains are separately on the phylogenetic tree from their counterparts from China and Japan which might reflect the substantial genetic variation.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.143-148
• /
• 2002

The human polyomavirus JC virus is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The JC virus early promoter directs cell-specific expression of the viral replication factor large T antigen, thus transcriptional regulation constitutes a major mechanism of glial tropism in PML. Here we found that pentanucleotide sequence immediately upstream of the TATA sequence functions as a cell-specific silencer in the JC virus transcription. In vitro binding studies showed that synthetic oligonucleotides spanning a pentanucleotide sequence, designated "oligo 2", interacts with nuclear proteins from non-glial cells in a cell-specific manner. Furthermore, the sequence preferentially repressed the heterologous thymidine kinase promoter activity in non-glial cells. We also tested whether JC virus transcription is controlled by DNA methylation. Transient transfection of in vitro methylated JC virus promoter abolished transcription in both the glial and non-glial cells. The repression fold was much larger in glial cells than in non-glial cells. Taken together, this finding suggests that glial cell-specific expression of the JC virus is controlled by DNA methylation as well as cell-specific silencers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.208-213
• /
• 2002

The human polyomavirus JC virus is the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). As the JC virus early promoter directs cell-specific expression of the viral replication factor large T antigen, transcriptional regulation constitutes a major mechanism of glial tropism in PML. It has been demonstrated that SV4O or JC virus large T antigen interacts with p53 protein and regulates many viral and cellular genes. In this study we founts that p53 represses the JC virus early promoter in both glial and nonglial cells To identify the cis-regulatory elements responsible for p53-mediated repression, deletional and site-directed mutational analyses were performed . Deletion of the enhancer region diminished p53-mediated transcriptional repression. However, point mutations of several transcription factor binding sites in the basal promoter region did not produce any significant changes. In support of this observation, when the enhancer was fused to a heterologous promoter, p53 red reduced the promoter activity about three fold. These results indicate that the enhancer region is important for tole repression of JC virus transcription by p53. Furthermore, coexpression of JC virus T antigen with a p53 protein abolished p53-mediated repression of the JC virus early promoter in non-glial cells, but not in glial cells. This finding suggests that T antigen interacts with p53 and regulates JC virus transcription in a cell-specific manner.