• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.658-663
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• 2012

The electrical properties of a laminated SMD type PTC thermistor for microcircuit protection were investigated as a function of polymer blowing agent addition. Green ceramics for multilayered $BaTiO_3$-based PTCRs were formed by doctor blade method of barium titanate powders; we successfully laminated the sintered ceramic chips to obtain 10 layer chip PTCRs with PTC effect. The sintered density increases with increasing sintering temperature. The electrical properties of the sintered samples were strongly dependent on the calcination and addition of a polymer blowing agent. When $BaTiO_3$ powders containing 0.2 mol% of $Y_2O_3$ were calcined at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, the resistivity jump was of 1-2 orders of magnitude. The resistivity at room temperature increases according to the polymer blowing agent addition. Also, the sample using the calcined powder showed a lower resistivity than that of the sample prepared using powders without calcinations. With an increase in the OBSH, the magnitude of the resistivity jumped as a function of the temperature increase. The resistivity of the sintered bodies after the addition of 0.5 wt% polymer blowing agent at $1290^{\circ}C$ for 2 h was shown to be about $8.5{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$; the jump order of the sintered bodies was shown to be on the order of $10^2$.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2008

In order to obtain crosslinked poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) foams with a closed-cell structure, a commercial-grade PBS was first modified in the melt using two different branching agents to increase the melt viscosity. The rheological properties of the branched and crosslinked PBS were examined by varying the amount of the branching agents. The complex viscosity of the crosslinked PBS increased with increasing amount of the branching agent. However, it decreased with increasing frequency. When 2 phr of the branching agent was added to PBS, the storage modulus (G') was higher than the loss modulus (G") throughout the entire frequency range, showing that the addition of a branching agent increases the melt viscosity and elasticity of PBS effectively. Closed-cell PBS foams were prepared by mixing the chemical blowing agent with the crosslinked PBS. The effect of the foaming conditions such as temperature and time, and the amount of the crosslinking agent on the structure of the expanded PBS foams were also investigated.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.538-544
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• 2000

폴리프로필렌 수지를 연속공정으로 발포시킬 때의 공정 변수에 따른 발포체의 구조와 셀 형성에 관한 특성을 연구하였다. 본 실험에서 고려된 발포 공정 변수들은 발포제 함량, 핵제 함량, 다이 온도, 그리고 다이의 치수였다. 셀이 붕괴없이 성장하는데 있어서 발포제인 이소펜탄의 함량은 약 14.5 wt% 이하이었고, 그 이상의 발포 가스가 주입되었을 때에는 압출물이 팽창하는 가스 압력을 극복하지 못하여 셀이 붕괴되는 현상이 나타나며 불안정한 셀 구조를 형성하였다. 핵제는 1 wt%의 소량만으로도 핵제 없이 발포제만으로 생산된 발포체에 비해 약 1/7로 밀도가 감소하였고 셀 밀도는 핵제의 함량에 따라 4배 이상까지 비례하여 증가하였다. 또한, 본 실험에서 상대적으로 낮은 다이 온도였던 17$0^{\circ}C$에서 안정한 셀 구조를 형성하였다. 그러나, 다이 치수를 변화시켜 유도한 압력 감소 속도의 효과는 본 실험에서 두드러지게 나타나지 않았다.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2008

생체재생용 지지체는 높은 다공구조와 적당한 기계적인 강도를 필요로 한다. 높은 다중성과 적당한 다공크기는 지지체와 주변 환경 사이에 영양분의 공급을 원활하게 하여 셀의 지지체에 대한 초기 집착력과 성장을 가능하게 하는 구조를 제공한다. 본 논문에서는 polycaprolactone(PCL) 나노섬유를 화학 발포제와 전기방사공정을 이용하여 다양한 조건하에서 제조하였다. PCL 용액의 농도가 8wt%, 발포제의 함량 0.5wt%, 발포온도 $100^{\circ}C$ 및 체류시간 2-3초에서 가공성 측면과 다공성 측면에서 우수한 발포된 나노섬유를 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 세포의 성장성을 측정하기 위하여 인체피부세포를 셀 켤츄어링하여, 발포되지 않은 나노섬유와 비교하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.676-681
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• 2007

A process designed to synthesize rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) with insulative properties via the modulation of PUF cell size via the addition of clay and the application of ultrasound was assessed. The blowing agents utilized in this study include water, cyclopentane, and HFC-365mfc, all of which are known to be environmentally-friendly blowing agents. The rigid PUFs were prepared from polymeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI) and polyether polyol with a density of $50kg/m^3$. In addition, rigid PUFs/clay nanocomposites were synthesized with clay modified by PMDI with and without the application of ultrasound. The PUF generated using water as a blowing agent evidenced the highest tensile strength. The tensile strength of the PUF/nanocomposites was higher than that of the neat PUF and the strength was even higher with the application of ultrasound. The cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites was less than that of the neat PUF, regardless of the type of blowing agent utilized. It appears that the higher tensile strength and lower cell size of the PUF/clay nanocomposites may be attributable to the uniform dispersion of the clay via ultrasonic agitation. The thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites generated with HCFC-141b evidenced the lowest value when PUF/clay nanocomposites were compared with other blowing agents, including HFC-365mfc, cyclopentane, and water. Ultrasound has also proven effective with regard to the reduction of the thermal conductivity of the PUF/clay nanocomposites with any of the blowing agents employed in this study. It has also been suggested that the uniformly dispersed clay particles in the PUF matrix function as diffusion barriers, which prevent the amelioration of the thermal insulation property.

• Composites Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2018

구조용 폼의 용도는 난연, 단열 기능이외에 구조적인 목적으로 공극부위를 충진시키는 용도로 사용되고 있다. 경량 소재 개발을 위해 CFRP와 구조용 폼이 이용되고 있으며, PUR, PIR, PVC, PET와 같은 대표적인 폼이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 구조용 폼의 특성 중 강도 강화를 위한 목적으로 에폭시 폼을 개발하고자 하였다. 에폭시 조성 중 산무수물계 경화제는 기존의 폴리올과 반응을 하기 때문에 산무수물계 에폭시 수지에 발포제를 이용할 경우 폼이 형성되는지, 형성된다면, 압축특성과 포밍 형태를 관하는 연구를 진행하였다. 에폭시 폼을 형성시키기 위한 발포제의 종류에 따른 영향 및 발포재의 농도에 따라 변화되는 폼밍의 결과 차이를 분석하였으며, 산무수물계 수지의 조성차이에 따른 폼의 압축강도를 평가하였다. 궁극적으로 에폭시 폼을 최적의 발포제 선정으로 구조적 강도가 높은 폼을 형성시킬 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 기존의 구조용 폼 소재에 비해 높은 압축강도 및 비압축 강도를 가짐을 확인하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2009

Rigid polyurethane foams (PUF)s were synthesized with environmentally friendly blowing agents such as a cyclopentane/distilled water (10.0/1.0, pphp) mixture and distilled water only for four different silicone surfactants having different silicone/polyether ratios. An attempt was made to reduce the thermal conductivities of the PUF samples by varying the concentration and the silicone/polyether ratio of the various silicone surfactants. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated an optimum concentration of the silicone surfactant of about 1.5 to 2.5 phpp for various surfactants to reduce the cell size and lower the thermal conductivity. The silicone surfactant having a higher silicone/polymer ratio showed a smaller cell size and, therefore, demonstrated the lower thermal conductivity of the PUF samples. From the relation between the thermal conductivity and the cell size of the PUF samples, the smaller cell size improved the thermal insulation property of the rigid PUF for both the PUF samples blown by the cyclopentane/distilled water (10.0/1.0, pphp) mixture and distilled water only. If the blowing agent is fixed, then the cell size is an important factor to decrease the thermal conductivity of the PUF samples. These results indicated that rigid PUF samples having lower thermal conductivity can be obtained by choosing a silicone surfactant containing a higher silicone/polyether ratio, as well as an optimum content of the surfactant.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1367-1370
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• 2005

Microcellular foam processing of polymers requires a nucleated cell density greater than $10^9\;cells/cm^3$ so that the fully grown cells are smaller than 10 mm. A microcellular foam can be developed by first saturating a polymer sample with a volatile blowing agent, followed by rapidly decreasing its solubility in the polymer. In general, the cellular structure of crystalline polymer foams is difficult to control, compared to that of amorphous polymer foams. Since the gas does not dissolved in the crystallites, the polymer/gas solution formed during the microcellular processing is nonuniform. Moreover, the bubble nucleation is nonhomogeneous because of the heterogeneous nature of the crystalline polymer. In this paper, the effects of the crystallinity and morphology of crystalline polymers on the microcellular foam processing and on reflectivity of products are investigated. First, polymer specimens with various morphology and amount of solved blowing agent were prepared by varying the saturation pressure, saturation time and foaming condition. Then, cell morphologies according to several conditions were studied. The specimens with differing gas amount of solved and morphologies were foamed and their cellular structures were compared. The experimental results of reflectivity are compared to raw specimen and another specimen of different experimental conditions. After the experiments, recognize whether how reflectivity changes according to solved gas amount. And the effect of cell density and cell size on reflectivity is studied

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2016

In this paper, a fundamental experiment regarding the formation of porous 3D structures for personal safety products using 3D PPP (Porous Polymer Printing) was introduced for the first time. The filament was manufactured by mixing PP (Polypropylene) and CBA (Chemical Blowing Agent) with polymer extruder, and the diameter of the filament was approximately 1.75mm. The proposed 3D PPP method, combined with the conventional FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) procedure, was influenced by process parameters, such as the nozzle temperature, printing speed and CBA density. In order to verify the best processing conditions, the depositing parameters were experimentally investigated for the porous polymer structure. These results provide parameters under which to form a multiple of 3D porous polymer structures, as well as various other 3D structures, and help to improve the mechanical shock absorption for personal safety products.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.631-632
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• 2013