• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.6 no.2 s.20
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• pp.107-114
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to explore the morphology of polyhedra as a tool diversifying the approach to structures and shapes, and to consider the way of the morphogenesis as structural design sources. First, through many examples in nature and styles used as the rhetorical representation of buildings, the shapes of which are based on one of polyhedra are shown. Secondly, the morphogenetic characteristics of polyhedra limited to pure lattice structure are investigated. Thereby the methodology of spatial morphogenesis of polyhedra as structural design sources are generated.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2001

We have constructed a novel recombinant Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) producing the green fluorescent polyhedra. For the production of the fluorescent polyhedra, partial polyhedrin gene containing KRKK as nuclear localization site from the BmNPV polyhedrin gene and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene were introduced under the control of p10 promoter of BmNPV. The recombinant BmNPV was stably produced fluorescent polyhedra in the infected Bm5 cells and the morphology of the fluorescent polyhedra was similar to that of wild-type BmNPV. The fluorescent polyhedra had 32 kDa native polyhedrin and 41 kDa fusion protein. From these data, we have further developed a novel BmNPV p10-based transfer vector producing recombinant polyhedra with foreign gene Product. The novel BmNPV P10-based transfer vector is composed of partial polyhedrin gene, factor Xa, and multiple cloning sites.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

A novel recombinant baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ACNPV) producing the green fluorescent polyhedra was constructed and characterized. The recombinant virus was stably produced fluorescent polyhedra in the infected cells and the morphology of the polyhedra was nearly similar to that of wild-type AcNPV. For the production of the fluorescent polyhedral the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was introduced under the control of polyhedrin gene promoter of AcNPV by translational fusion in the front and back of intact polyhedrin gene. The recombinant baculovirus was named as CXEP, As expected, the 93 kDa fusion protein was expressed in the CXEP-infected cells. Interestingly, however, the cells infected with CXEP also showed a 33 kDa protein band as cells infected with wild-type AcNPV. The results of Southern blot analysis and plaque assay suggested that two types of baculoviruses expressing the GFP fusion protein or only native polyhedrin were formed through homologous recombination between two polyhedrin genes in the same orientation. Thus, this system can be applied for the production of recombinant polyhedra with foreign gene product of diverse interest.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1996

Recombinant baculoviruses having expanded host range were selected by coinfection of Autographa california NPV and Bombyx mori NPV into Sf-9 and BmN-4 insect cell lines. In order to determine the polyhedra morhplogy of RecS-A6, one of a recombinant baculovirus, polyhedra of RecS-A6 produced in insect cells were observed by phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results revealed that the recombinant baculovirus had a various polyhedra morphology which was different from its parental viruses, suggesting that the various morhpology of recombinant baculovirus with an expanded host range was due to the genetic recombination of viral genome. To analyze the genomic recombinantion of the recombinant baculoviruses, genomic DNAs of two parent viruses and RecS-A6 were digested with restriction endonuclease and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis. Southern blot analysis revealed that RecS-A6 has two polyhedrin gene of AcNPV and BmNPV in a viral genome. Polyhedral protein of recombinant baculovirus was analysed by SDS-PAGE. The result showed that molecular weight of polyhedral protein of RecS-A6 containing two polyhedrin gene of AcNPV and BmNPV was as the 31 kDa band of AcNPV and 30 kDa band of BmNPV.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 1997

The usefulness of host range expanded recombinant viruses for economical viral insecticide and expression vector system has been studied. Host range expanded recombinant viruses, RecS-B6 and RecB-8, constructed by cotransfection of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) and Autographa californica NPV (AcNPV), and a host range expanded AcNPV recombinant, Ac-BH, constructed by substitution of the 0.6Kb fragment of the BmNPV helicase gene were compared. The restriction enzyme digestion patterns showed that RecS-B6 and RecB-8 had expanded host ranges by genomic recombination and were more similar to genome of AcNPV than that of BmNPV. SDS-PAGE and PCR analysis showed that the polyhedrin gene of RecS-B6 and RecB-8 was derived from BmNPV genomic DNA. The morphology of polyhedra of recombinant viruses showed a slight difference between the two host cells, Sf and BmN cells, indicating that the morphology of polyhedra was influenced by host cells. The bioassay data for insect larvae showed that Ac-BH, compared to wild type viruses, had superior pathogenicity against Bombyx mori larvae but inferior pathogenicity against Spodoptera exigua larvae. Although the pathogenicity was lower than that of wild type viruses in both larvae, RecS-B6 showed the pathogenicity in both larvae. These results suggested that Ac-BH was a less useful economical insecticide than random genomic recombinant virus RecS-B6.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to analyze the in vivo amalgam corrosion products qualitatively. 30 molars with large, intact amalgam restorations were selected. All the restorations were more than 5 years old. Twenty of the removed amalgams were embedded in acrylic resin block. The exposed surfaces of fifteen embedded amalgams were polished by amalgam polishing kit, and the rest were observed without polishing. The remaining 10 amalgams were fractured centrally and perpendiculary to the occlusal surface with a wire-cutter. After all specimens were cleaned ultrasonically in distilled water, each surface was examined under S.E.M. and E.D.A.X. (Energy Dispersive Micro X-ray Analyzer) to determine the morphology and chemical nature of the corrosion products. The following results were obtained: 1. The surfaces of the unpolished amalgam restorations were covered with thin amorphous layer of Sn-Ca-P-S complex with numerous cracks. 2. In the conventional amalgams, the major corrosion products were Sn-Cl phases however, tin oxide phases were also observed. 3. Only tin oxide phase was identified in the high copper amalgam, but it was less frequently observed than in the conventional amalgam. 4. It was easier to observe the corrosion product morphology in the fractured surfaces than in the polished ones. The morphologies of the corrosion product crystals looked like a stack of slightly bended plates in the Sn-Cl phases and polyhedra or polygonal prisms in the tin oxide phases.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2000

Spilarctia obliqua(Wlk.) is a serious pest of mulberry which is naturally affected by its nucleopolyhedrosis virus (SoNPV) in field conditions. The polyhedral occlusion bodies (POB's) were hexahedron under scanning and transmission electron microscope and measured 0.42${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 0.67 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter. The symptoms of NPV infected S. obliqua larvae resembled with that of other NPVs' infected lepidopterous larvae. The pathogenicity and potentiality of this virus against S. obliqua was tested in the laboratory conditions and the results showed 100% mortality in larvae inoculated with SoNPV at 6.23${\times}10^5$ POBs/ml. Therefore, SoNPV appears to have a high potential as a microbial biocontrol agent against S. obliqua larvae.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.449-460
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• 2022

The morphology and whole genome sequence of Spodoptera exigua nucleopolyhedrovirus K1 (SeNPV-K1) isolated in Korea were analyzed for the use as an eco-friendly control source against S. exigua. The polyhedra of SeNPV-K1 was amorphous with a size of 0.6-1.8 ㎛, and there was no external difference with the previously reported SeNPV. As a result of analyzing the nucleotide sequence of the whole genome, it was composed of 135,756 bp, which is 145 bp more than that of the previously reported SeNPV. The G+CG+C content was 44% and there were 6 homologous repeated sequences, so there was no significant difference from the previous report. As a result of ORF analysis, SeNPV-K1 had 137, two fewer than those previously reported, and 4 ORFs present only in SeNPV-K1 were confirmed. These 4 ORFs are non-essential genes and were not considered to have a significant influence on the characteristics of the SeNPV. The genome vista analysis showed that the overall sequence similarity between SeNPV-K1 and the previously reported SeNPV was very high. The whole genome of SeNPV-K1 analyzed for the first time in Korea was found to be similar to the previously reported SeNPV, but it was confirmed that it was a novel resource in Korea with different isolate.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.395-412
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• 2023

The morphology and whole genome sequence of Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus W1 (HycuNPV-W1) isolated in Korea were analyzed for the use as an eco-friendly control agent against H. cunea. The HycuNPV-W1 had irregular tetrahedral polyhedra with a size of 1.5-2.2 ㎛ which is similar to that of previously reported HycuNPV isolated in Korea. As a result of whole viral genome analysis, HycuNPV-W1 was composed of 131,353 bp, which is 1,606 bp shorter than that of the previously reported HycuNPV. The G+C content was 45% and six of the homologous repeated regions were found, so there was no significant difference from the previous report. As a result of ORF analysis, HycuNPV-W1 contains total of 145 ORFs which is three ORFs less than the previous report, while two ORFs were exclusively found in HycuNPV-W1. The functions of these ORFs remains unclear and are not considered to have a significant influence on the characteristics of the HycuNPV. The genome vista analysis showed that the overall sequence identity between HycuNPV-W1 and the previously reported HycuNPV was very high. The whole genome of HycuNPV-W1 analyzed was found to be similar to those of the previously reported HycuNPV, however, it is supposed to be a novel resource in Korea with different isolate.