• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.71-73
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• 2008

The development of polymer/inorganic nanocomposites has attracted a great deal of interest due to the improved hybrid properties derived from the two different components. Various nanoscale fillers have been used to enhance polymer mechanical and thermal properties, such as toughness, stiffness, and heat resistance. The effects of the filler on the final properties of the nanocomposites are highly dependent on the filler shape, particle size, aggregate size, surface characteristics, polymer/inorganic interactions, and degree of dispersion. In this paper, we describe the influence of different $CaCO_3$ dispersion methods on the thermal properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/$CaCO_3$ composites: i.e., the adsorption of $CaCO_3$ on the modified PET surface, and the hydrophobic modification of the hydrophilic $CaCO_3$ surface. We prepared PET/$CaCO_3$ nanocomposites using a twin-screw extruder, and investigated their thermal properties and morphology.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

Research on the reduction of plastic use to prevent environmental pollution is urgently needed. Accordingly, studies on reducing the weight of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles are currently being conducted. PET bottles are fabricated by injection stretch blow molding. In this study, stretch blow molding for fabricating PET bottles using preform studied through a computer simulation. Blowing characteristics are analyzed by varying the start time of the pre-blow, which is one of the process conditions of stretch blow molding. Simulation results and the preform inflation process are presented, and the parameters of stretch ratio, stretching path, thickness distribution, and weight distribution of blown PET bottles are investigated.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2020

PCR PET flake's market endeavors difficult situations of its oversupply and decreasing demands in South Korea. Since China banned the import of most recycled plastics, flake producers who mostly export the flakes lost their biggest market. The producers struggled to survive in the competitions with PCR PET flake from EU and 3^rd countries but it was challenging due to substandard quality and increasing cost. Attempts to improve the quality of PCR PET flake have been made but they were only an individual company's efforts. The objective of this study was to understand the market status on PCR PET flake in South Korea and to present suggestions for improving its quality. The results of the questionnaires targeted to flake producers showed that no testing methods on PCR PET flake were standardized and there were critical factors to the quality such as moisture content, contaminants, and viscosity. Case studies of US, Japan and other countries had been done especially about testing methods and 76 samples from 21 companies were tested according to those methods. Based on the results, the final factors were decided as contaminants, moisture content, alkalinity index and intrinsic viscosity. There is a plan to standardize testing methods and they could be guidelines to improve the business competitiveness of PCR PET flake in South Korea.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2021

Commercially used disposable cups undergo fragmentation in the environment and become microplastics (MPs). These MPs can be ingested by aquatic organisms and cause a range of adverse effects. We assessed the acute and chronic toxicity of disposable cup-derived MP fragments in Daphnia magna. MP fragments were identified as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragment with a size of 33.18 ± 7.76 ㎛. The presence of three additives including 1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene was analyzed from MP fragments. The 48 h acute toxicity revealed that 20 % of immobilization and mortality were found at the highest concentration of PET MP (200 mg L^-1). The 21 d chronic toxicity revealed that PET MP fragments significantly (p < 0.05) more reduced survival rate (31 %), total offspring (52 %) in D. magna compared with control group. The developmental abnormality of offspring (3.5%) by PET MP fragments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control groups (0.3%). These results are possibly induced by gut blocking by ingestion of MP fragments and their longer retention time. These findings indicate that the fragmentation of disposable cups (PET polymers) into small-sized MP fragments pose a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying toxicity mechanisms.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.204-212
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• 2012

This study was used a thermogravimetric analyzer to determine thermal characteristics, a hair analysis system to examine morphological changes of wefts-human hair, poly vinyl chloride(PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-used in manufacturing wigs. According to a flammability test on human hair and synthetic wefts for wigs, the best results were observed in human hair. According to a thermal test, PET was the best in terms of thermal stability. Also good tensile strength was observed as well. In a scanning electron microscope observation, no human hair scale layer was found because of chemical treatment. In the PVC sample, homogeneous unevenness was observed. Due to a lack of human hair supply and increase in its price, recently, PET weft has emerged as a great substitution for human hair. Because it can be curled using an electric curling device and is more efficient than the conventional non-flammable material PVC in terms of thermal resistance, it will become the next-generation weft for wigs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1857-1860
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• 2003

The ablative decomposition mechanism of PMMA(polymethyt methacrylate), PET(polyethylene terephthalate) and PC(polycarbonate) with KrF excimer laser(λ: 248nm, pulse duration: 5ns) is investigated. The UV/Vis spectrometer analysis showed that PMMA is a weak absorber and PET, PC are a strong absorber at the wavelength of 248nm. The results(surface debris, melt, etch depth, etching shape) from drilling and direct writing experiments imply that ablation mechanism of PMMA is dominated by photothermal process, while that of PET, PC are dominated by photochemical process.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.671-676
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• 1999

ITO (indium tin oxide) thin films on PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate have been deposited by a dc reactive magnetron sputtering without heat treatments such as substrate heater and post heat treatment. Each sputtering parameter during the sputtering deposition is an important factor for the high quality of ITO thin films deposited on polymeric substrate. Particularly, the material, electrical and optical properties of as-deposited ITO oxide films are dominated by the ratio of oxygen partial pressure. As the experimental results, the excellent ITO films are prepared on PET substrate at the operating conditions as follows : operating pressure of 5 mTorr, target-substrate distance of 45mm, do power of 20~30W, and oxygen gas ratio of 10%. The optical transmittance is above 80% at 550 nm, and the sheet resistance and resistivity of films are 24 Ω/square and $1.5\times$10$^{-3}$ Ωcm, respectively.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2000

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer made up of poly(p-hydroxybenzoate) (PHB)-poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) 8/2 copolyester, poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN) and PET were mechanically blended to pursue the liquid crystalline phase of ternary blends. Complex viscosities of blends decreased with increasing temperature and PHB content. DSC thermal analysis indicated that glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of blends increased with increasing PHB content. Both tensile strength and initial modulus increased with raising PHB content and take-up speed of monofilaments. In the WAXS diagram, only PEN crystal reflection at 2Θ=$15.5^{\circ}C$ appeared but PET crystal reflection was not shown in all compositions. The degree of transesterification and randomness of blends increased with blending time but sequential length of both PEN and PET segment decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.69-70
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• 2007

FTS(Facing Target Sputtering) 장치를 이용하여 polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 필름 위에 ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) 박막을 성장시키고 이들의 광학적, 구조적 특성을 조사하였다. 막 두께는 150 nm로 고정하였고, 인가적력과 산소 가스 유량비를 변수로 박막을 합성 하였다. 그 결과 80 % 이상의 광투과율과 Rms 26.8 nm 값을 갖는 ITO / PET 박막을 합성하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1297-1303
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• 2012

In this paper, the standard procedures for measuring the moisture sorption properties of thin polymeric materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by using the thermo-gravimetric method to characterize the moisture diffusion in the polymer are presented, and the sorption properties are quantified. The moisture diffusivity and solubility are characterized to investigate the effect of temperature and humidity on the moisture sorption properties according to the Arrhenius equation. The validation of the obtained sorption properties using thermogravimetry is discussed with the measured permeability based on Fickian diffusion. The nonlinear behavior of the concentration dependent moisture diffusion is investigated experimentally, and the nonlinearity is characterized numerically for the case of having an interface with an inorganic material such as a metal. The Fickian/Non-Fickian model based on the obtained moisture sorption properties is compared and discussed.