Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure

Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering (응용생태공학회)
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Effect of Chronic Toxicity by Waste Microplastics (PET) on Daphnia magna

폐 미세플라스틱(PET)의 물벼룩 만성독성 연구

  • Han, Bomi (Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Park, GeonU (Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Yoo, Seungwoo (Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Kim, Changhae (Department of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Jung, Jinho (Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University) ;
  • Na, Joorim (O-jeong-Eco-Resilience Institute)
  • 한보미 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 박건우 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 유승우 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 김창해 (고려대학교 일반대학원 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 정진호 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부) ;
  • 나주림 (고려대학교 오정리질리언스연구원)
  • Received : 2021.12.03
  • Accepted : 2021.12.24
  • Published : 2021.12.31
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Abstract

Commercially used disposable cups undergo fragmentation in the environment and become microplastics (MPs). These MPs can be ingested by aquatic organisms and cause a range of adverse effects. We assessed the acute and chronic toxicity of disposable cup-derived MP fragments in Daphnia magna. MP fragments were identified as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragment with a size of 33.18 ± 7.76 ㎛. The presence of three additives including 1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene was analyzed from MP fragments. The 48 h acute toxicity revealed that 20 % of immobilization and mortality were found at the highest concentration of PET MP (200 mg L-1). The 21 d chronic toxicity revealed that PET MP fragments significantly (p < 0.05) more reduced survival rate (31 %), total offspring (52 %) in D. magna compared with control group. The developmental abnormality of offspring (3.5%) by PET MP fragments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control groups (0.3%). These results are possibly induced by gut blocking by ingestion of MP fragments and their longer retention time. These findings indicate that the fragmentation of disposable cups (PET polymers) into small-sized MP fragments pose a significant ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying toxicity mechanisms.

상업에서 사용되는 일회용 컵은 환경으로 유입되어 파편화되어 미세플라스틱 (MP)이 될 수 있다. 또한 MP는 수생 생물에게 섭식 될 수 있으며, 다양한 부작용을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 일회용 컵에서 유래된 MP 조각이 물벼룩에게 미치는 급성 및 만성 독성을 평가했다. MP 조각은 33.18 ±7.76 ㎛ 크기의 PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) MP 조각으로 확인되었으며, 3종류의 첨가제 (1- Propanone. 1-phenyl-3-[2-(phenylmethoxy)phenyl]-, p-Xylene and ethylbenzene)가 함유되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 48시간 급성 독성은 최고 농도의 PET MP (200 mg L-1)에 노출된 물벼룩에서 20%의 유영저해 및 사망을 발견하였다. 21일 만성 독성은 5 mg L-1의 PET MP 조각에 노출된 D. magna에서 대조군과 비교하여 줄어든 생존율 (31%)과 번식 (52%)을 보여주었다. 더욱이 PET MP는 태어난 개체의 발달 이상을 (3.5%) 대조군 (0.3%)과 비교하여 유의하게 (p < 0.05) 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과는 MP 조각의 섭취에 의한 장 막힘과 더 긴 체류 시간 때문일 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 일회용 컵 (PET 폴리머)이 작은 크기의 MP 조각으로 단편화되면 수생 생물에 심각한 생태학적 위험을 제기할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다. 또한 MP 독성 및 첨가제에 대한 근본적인 독성 메커니즘을 확인하기 위해 추가 연구가 수행되어야 한다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 고려대학교에서 지원된 연구비와 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업(No. NRF-2019R1A2C1002890, NRF-2021R1A6A1A10045235)의 일환으로 수행되었습니다. 그리고 본 연구에 사용된 물벼룩을 제공해주신 고려대학교 정진호 교수님께 깊은 감사를 드립니다.

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