• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

This research chose three kinds of sleeping bags with different fillings (A: interfill polyester, B: brushed polyester, C: down) and put them in two environmental conditions (Env. I : $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $50{\pm}10%$; Env. II : $18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, $70{\pm}10%$). The measured Skin temperature, Temperature and Humidity in sleeping bag, Rectal temperature and Psychological reaction. The results of experiment were as follows: 1. The mean skin temperature of Sleeping Bag B was the closest to the most comfortable value in the two environmental conditions. 2. Temperature and humidity in sleeping bags, in both environmental conditions, contained the value nearest to the most comfortable one in Sleeping Bag B. 3. Rectal temperature in both environments had a slight change in the range of antibody temperature in all the subjects of sleeping bags. 4. As subjective psychological reaction, both thermal and humid sensation approached the most comfortable zone in Sleeping Bag B.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.454-459
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• 2011

In this study, the recovery rate of Tedlar bag (T) sampler was investigated in comparison to polyester aluminum bag (P) sampler. To derive the comparative data sets for the relative performance between different samplers, a series of calibration experiments were performed by using 1 ppb standard of four offensive reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) odorants ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, and DMDS) along with $SO_2$ and $CS_2$. All the analysis was made by gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC/PFPD) combined with air server/thermal desorber (AS/TD). The measurement data were obtained by loading gaseous standards (1 ppb) at 3 injection volumes (250, 500 and 1,000 mL) at three intervals (0, 24 and 72 hrs). The recovery rates (RR) of P sampler were computed against the slope values of T sampler. According to our analysis, P sampler exhibits slightly enhanced loss relative to T, especially with light RSCs ($H_2S$ and $CH_3SH$). At day 0, RR for the two were 88 and 85%, respectively. Such reduction proceeded rather rapidly in the case of $H_2S$ through time. However, P sampler was more stable to store $SO_2$ unlike others. Despite slightly reduced recovery, P sampler appears as a good replacement of T sampler.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

The emission quantity of nitrous oxide is second largest among non-$CO_2$ greenhouse gas in Korea. In this study, we investigated loss rate of nitrous oxide which was filled in PVF and Al-PE bag as time goes on. Concentrations of tested samples were about 25 ppmv, 50 ppmv, 75 ppmv prepared by standard reference gas. In case of all experiments, loss rate of PVF bag was higher than Al-PE bag. After 18 days, loss rate of PVF bag was from 29.7% to 38.6% while Al-PE bag was from 21.7% to 23.7%. Especially the differential growed bigger when initial concentration of $N_2O$ in PVF bag was lower. And we also studied the effect of cock opening/closing procedures on loss rate. Prepared samples in experimental group were analyzed several times for 20 days and samples in control group were analysed only 1 time after 20 days. The experimental results showed that cock opening/closing procedures appeared to have little impact on loss rate.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.338-343
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• 2005

In this work, sample loss of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) was investigated with respect to bag sampling techniques. For comparison purpose, calibration slopes were obtained by analyzing standards prepared by 'within syringe dilution' (WSD) method against those made either by 'Tedlar bag dilution' (TBD) or by 'polyester aluminum bag dilution' (PBD) method. The results indicated that the recovery rate of TBD showed the mean values of about 87%, while those of PBD about 77%. Despite the fact that sample loss is inevitable, precise sampling of reduced sulfur compounds may still be possible, if one acknowledges and be prepared for such loss rates of bag sampling methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2008

Cylindrical bag filter system with pulse jet cleaning has been the most common device to control particle laden exhaust gas from the various industrial processes. But, it has many shortcomings due to particle reattachment and frequent bag rupture. In recent years, rectangular type bag filter system has been developed to overcome the problems associated with the cylindrical system. However, not many studies about the rectangular system were not done, compared to the cylindrical system. In this study, the optimum pulse jet cleaning conditions were thus tested by the series of experiments. The factors tested in this study are pulse distance, pulse pressure, pulse duration, the number of holes for pulsing and bag materials. A single bag ($1,500mmL{\times}50mmW{\times}300mmH$) system and a multi-bags (3 bags in a row) were tested separately. The highest removal efficiency with a single bag system was found at the conditions with pulse distance of 10cm, pulse pressure of $3kg/cm^2$, pulse duration of 0.3s, pulse jet number of 6 and Polyester bag. With the multi-bags system, the best cleaning conditions were found at the bag interval of 20cm with the simultaneous pulsing and the bag interval of 15cm with the serial pulsing.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.306-315
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• 2012

In this study, storage stability of reduced sulfur compounds ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, $CS_2$, and DMDS) and $SO_2$ in sampling bags was investigated in terms of two contrasting storage approaches between forward (F) and reverse (R) direction. The samples for the F method were prepared at the same time and analyzed sequentially through time. In contrast, those of reverse (R) method were prepared sequentially in advance and analyzed all at once upon the preparation of the last sample. In addition, relative performance between two different bag materials (PVF and PEA) was also assessed by using 100 ppb standard. The response factors (RF) of gaseous RSC samples were determined by gas chromatography/pulsed flame photometric detector (GC/PFPD) combined with air server (AS)/thermal desorber (TD) system at storage intervals of 0, 1, and 3 days. There is no statistical difference in all RSCs between two storage methods. However, the results of relative recovery indicated 2.58~12.8% differences in compound type between the two storage methods. Moreover, loss rates and storage stability of $H_2S$ and $SO_2$ were considerably affected by bag materials than any other variables. Therefore, some considerations about storage methods (or bag material types) for sulfur compounds are needed if stored by sampling bag method.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2004

We have been using Moisture Barrier Bags for dry packing of semiconductor packages to prevent moisture from absorbing during shipping. Moisture barrier bag material is required to be waterproof, vapor proof and offer superior ESD (Electro-static discharge) and EMI shielding. Also, the bag should be formed easily to the shape of products for vacuum packing while providing excellent puncture resistance and offer very low gas ＆ moisture permeation. There are some problems like pinholes and punctured bags after sealing and before the surface mount process. This failure may easily result in package pop corn crack during board mounting. The bags should be developed to meet the requirements of excellent electrical and physical properties by means of optimization of their raw material composition and their thickness. This study investigates the performance of moisture barrier bags by characterization of their mechanical endurance, tensile strength and through thermal analysis. By this study, we arrived at a robust material composition (polyester/Aluminate) for better packing.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.116-123
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• 2022

Polymer bags, metallic canisters, and glass bottles have been used as containers for analyzing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air. In this study, various sampling containers were compared to investigate the short-term stability of VOCs, that is, from the time they are sampled to the time they are analyzed. Polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polypropylene (PP), polyester aluminum (PE-Al) bags, canisters, and glass bottles were used as sample containers. A 100 nmol/mol standard gas mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene, styrene, and o-xylene was used for the VOC comparison. Changes in the concentrations of samples stored for 10~20 day in each container were measured using a thermal desorption-gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector (TD-GC-FID). As a result, VOCs stored in a canister and two kinds of amber glass bottles have shown immaterial decreases in concentration in one week, and more than 80 % of the initial concentration was maintained for two weeks. In the case of polymer bags, the concentration of all VOCs, except benzene and toluene, were remarkably decreased below 70% of the initial concentration in one day. Particularly, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene have shown dramatic decreases in concentration below 30 % of the initial concentration in all polymer bags in one day.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.27-44
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to attempt to diversify artistic expression through combinations of the twelve zodiac animals and origami techniques and to propose new directions for fashion design by applying these to fashion accessory bag designs. For the research method, this study researched the representative forms and characteristics of twelve zodiac animals based on the cultural background. Also, diverse cases of origami techniques were sought to apply them to the development of bags. The results are as follows. First, expressed forms of the Chinese zodiac were newly expanded by realizing the form of Chinese zodiac animals through various origami techniques. Origami work displays abstract visual effects rather than intuitive feelings or expressions of flat designs. With this, detailed realizations could be made through the characteristics and cultural implications of animals. Second, the work created in this study utilized zero-waste patterns that use origami techniques on one whole piece. During pattern production, folded parts were marked without waste and the outer fabric and lining were produced. Patterns were all symmetrical lines so most forms were expressed with squares and equilateral triangles. Third, through actual work produced using fabric instead of paper, effects that are brought about through folding are determined in diverse ways according to fabric textures or material types and thicknesses. When paper is folded, shapes are created as folded, but fabric requires the use of supportive material to create the effects of origami. Polyester and blended fabric were easy to use with high levels of function and practicality. Through such diverse production attempts, fixing methods, hand sewing, sewing machines, double-sided tape, and leather adhesive were used.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.659-669
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to predict the pressure drop due to the installation of venturi under diverse operating conditions such as dust concentration, pulse interval and pressure, and filtration velocity using algebraic-linear regression model and use it as an economic data and efficient operating condition for a pulse air jet bag filter. A pilot scale bag filter with a filter a filter size(Ø140 × 850ℓ, 12) was used, and the filters used in the experiment were the polyester filters most commonly used in real industrial sites. The SAS 9.4 program (SAS Institute, USA) was used to predict and to determine the effects of inlet concentration (C_i), pulse interval (P_i) and pressure (P_p), filtration velocity (V_f), presence or absence of venturi, etc. The results are shown below. The variation in pressure drop with or without venturi installation was 38.8 mmAq when venturi is installed and 47.6 mmAq when venturi is not installed, indicating a difference in pressure drop of 8.8 mmAq depending on venturi installation. It is estimated that the efficiency can be improved by about 18.5% if the venturi is installed.