• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

It is desirable that implementation assessment (IA) should be carried out efficiently in order to make successful progress of Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) in watershed management. There are many difficulties in the process of the implementation assessment because of the early stage in the application of TMDL in Korea. This study reviewed the present status of IA and proposed the methodology of its improvement such as flexible application of TMDL ledger, and standardization of assessment index and criteria. The deficient time for assessment period could be corrected by the consideration of the post-procedure after the submission of IA report.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2012

This study analyzed influence factors and the correlation among pollutants which affect occurrence of leaked pollution based on the long-term runoff flow and water quality investigation results to understand the characteristics of highway rainfall runoff pollution load. According to the result of correlation analysis on TSS (Total Suspended Solid) concentration, anteceded dry days, rainfall intensity, traffic volume and etc. as major influence factors of highway rainfall runoff pollution loads, the correlations were weak or scarce in most items. These results might be attributed that runoff pollutant concentration changes vary severely on changes of rainfall intensity and rainfall duration within rainfall and it is affected by disturbances of vehicles and street cleaning and etc. as characteristics of the highway. While Cu, Fe and Zn which are discharged with high concentrations out of heavy metals showed high correlation with particulate matter, organic matter(COD), nutrient(TN, TP), Ni and Pb showed relatively low correlation in a correlation evaluation by pollutant. Significant correlation with traffic volumes was not shown and TSS concentration even decreased in accordance with increase of the traffic volume. In the comparison with precedent studies, it was considered necessary additional analysis of the effects of rainfall section analysis, road type, disturbances of surface contaminants by vehicles, rainfall and climate conditions, surrounding terrains etc.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-89
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• 2003

Although a forest damage of large area due to air pollution has not yet been found in Korea, declines of Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.), the most common coniferous species, have been locally reported. To evaluate the effect of air pollution and acid deposition on the forests, SO$_2$ concentration, acid load, soil pH and tree decline were monitored for 13 years from 1988 to 2001 in Namsan, Doowang and Gyebangsan with the gradient of air pollution. During the study period, annual mean SO$_2$ concentration in Namsan, Doowang and Gyebangsan were 14 ppb, 13 ppb and 6 ppb, respectively. Annual mean acid loads in Namsan and Doowang were three to four times more than that in Gyebangsan. As respected, forest surface soils in Namsan and Doowang were acidified to pH 4.1 and 4.3, whereas that in Gyebangsan showed normal value as pH 5.4. On the other hand, decline degrees of Korean red pines in Namsan and Doowang in both 1996 and 2001 were higher than those in Gyebangsan. It is reasonable that the severer tree declines in Namsan and Doowang could be closely related with the higher air pollution, acid load, and the effects (possibly Ca deficit and Al toxicity) of soil acidification.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2009

The regulation of emission concentration for stream water qualities doesn't control quantitative increase on pollution loads, it has limits for improvement of water qualities. Total water pollution load management system(TMDL) can control the total amount of pollutant in waste water which is allowed to assign and control the total discharged pollutant loads in a permissible level. When it comes to generated wastewater value of TMDL system, there is difference between calculated value based on individual pollutant unit load and observed value. Calculated sewer inflow, calculated sewer outflow, measured sewer inflow, and measured sewer outflow at dry season are $26,460.9m^3$/d, $17,778.6m^3$/d, $17,106.1m^3$/d and $19,033.9m^3$/d respectively, Calculated sewer inflow, calculated sewer outflow, measured sewer inflow, and measured sewer outflow at rainy season are $49,512.2m^3$/d, $18,628.7m^3$/d, $30,918.2m^3$/d, $19,700.7m^3$/d respectively. This result presents the necessity to acquire the precise observed data to fulfill the efficient TMDL system.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.347-355
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• 2012

In this study, non-point pollution sources in the Yeongsan river basin are analyzed; then, the priority regions (areas divided on a small scale) of management are selected for efficient water management of the Seungcheon and Jooksan reservoirs, which were constructed as one of the 4 major rivers restoration projects. The priority regions are decided by using the criteria of the excessive rate of target water quality, non-point pollution load per unit area, total TP load and down flow distance. The results of this study are as follows. The upper 10% of the priority regions for non-point pollution management includes YB15, YB05, YB10, YB24, YB14 and YB11 for the Seungcheon reservoir watershed, and YC24, YC25, YC30, YC34, YC22 and YC17 for the Jooksan reservoir watershed. However, a few regions in each of the Seungcheon and Jooksan reservoirs need to be selected in higher order, and the non-point pollution removal facilities in the regions need to be installed with respect to budget, urgent matter, and so on.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Effect of tillage on time of initial runoff, runoff coefficient, NPS pollution load, soil erosion and crop productivity were studied. Eight runoff plots of $5{\times}30m$ on loamy sand field that were 4 respective plots of 3 % and 8% slope were prepared. Treatment included conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT). Time of initial runoff from NT retarded between 247~261 % compared with that from CT. Under 3% slope, runoff coefficient in NT was 63.5 % lower than that in CT. The reduction under 8 % slope was 61.7 %. Differences in runoff reduction between 3% and 8% plots were not significant. NT could reduce more than 60 % of NPS pollution and between 50~85 % of sediment if compared with CT. Productivity of NT was also shown that it was not lower than that of CT. It was expected that the results could be used as a fundamental data for estimating a reduction load in Korea TMDL from a no-till BMP on loamy sand agricultural fields.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Natural environment of the Wolgokri stream watershed, located in Chuncheon, Gangwon province, Korea, has been well preserved as a traditional agricultural watershed. To analyze characteristics of NPS pollution generated from an mountainous agricultural watershed, the flow and water qualities of the study watershed were monitored and were analyzed to estimate pollution loads. Annual runoff volume ratio was $70.4\%$. Concentrations of T-N, T-p, COD, and TOC were higher when monthly rainfall was between $0\~30mm$ than those when monthly rainfall was between $30\~70mm$. However, the concentrations varied considerably when monthly rainfall was higher than 100mm. The flow weighted mean concentrations(mg/L) of BOD, COD, TOC, $NO_3-N$, T-N, T-P and SS were 1.96, 2.72, 3.32, 1.41, 4.70, 0.187 and 13.36, respectively. The BOD, SS, T-N and T-P loads of July, 2004 were $48\%,\;17\%,\;51\%\;and\;32\%$ of annual load, respectively. The BOD, COD, TOC, $NO_3-N$, T-N, T-p, and SS loads (kg/ha) from Mar. 2004 to Apr. 2005 were 19.09, 26.55, 32.39, 13.85, 45.92, 1.887 and 130.18, respectively. The highest concentrations of BOD, NO3-N, T-N, T-p, SS, COD and TOC were found before the flow reached the peak runoff, possibly due to the first flushing effect. Generally, pollution loads of the Wolgokri watershed were not that significant. Phosphorus load, however, was higher enough to cause eutrophication in the receiving water body It was recommended that best management practices need to be implemented to reduce phosphorus sources.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2021

Recently, the deterioration of water quality in Wonju stream has been reported due to the increase in diverse pollution sources along with community development and urbanization. Various types of attempts with a huge budget were made for better water quality so far, but its effectiveness is still doubted. In order to establish site-oriented measures for water quality improvement, the topographic and hydrologic factors were evaluated based on site inspection and survey. As the major streams merged into the Wonju stream, the Hwa and Heungyang streams were found to have higher pollution loads and contributions compared to other streams due to the scattered livestock farms and industries, and vulnerable land use. Notably, the discharge water from the Wonju Public Sewage Treatment Plant had the highest level of pollution load, impacting on the water quality of Wonju Stream. According to the SWAT model as water quality measures, the improvement effect of water quality in this treatment plant can be reached to the reductions in BOD 11.06%, T-N 23.56%, T-P 10.60% when the proper managements applied, whereas the improvement of water quality would be 3.89%, 1.23%, and 3.32% for BOD, T-N, T-P, respectively, for the industries. The reduction of the livestock industry was generally very high as a pollution source, but it was not much higher at the end of Wonju Stream than other measures. These results recommended that the water q uality improvement measures should be designated for each upper-middle-lower section in Wonju stream.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1265-1273
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• 2006

The environmental capacity and watershed pollution load reduction of Yongdam reservoir were estimated by the simulation of water quality variation process with the target water quality establishment, pollution load estimation and flow analysis. The potable raw water $I{\sim}II$, COD $1.0{\sim}3.0$ mg/L and TP $0.01{\sim}0.03$ mg/L were selected as the target water quality Yongdam reservoir water quality model was constructed with WASP5 contained 42 segments and the correlation of calibrated results were BOD 0.73, $PO_4-P$ 0.98. The environmental capacity for target quality COD 2.0 mg/L and TP 0.02 mg/L were BOD $131,880{\sim}4,694$ kg/d, TP $7,855 {\sim}167$ kg/d which were less than exists, and the related reduction ratios were BOD $51{\sim}62%$, TP $47{\sim}67%$ which were middle amount in exists. The load reduction ratios to meet the potable raw water $I{\sim}II$ were BOD $72{\sim}16%$, TP $78{\sim}36%$ in existing conditions and BOD $81{\sim}44%$, TP $84{\sim}52%$ in new conditions. BOD was the least one and TP was the second least in 4 results. The effects of the load reduction assignment to subbasin were dominant in TP but little in COD.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2016

In the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River, pollution sources can have a concentrated distribution. In these basins, small streams show low flow with various and rapid water quality change in low pollutants load. Therefore, a water quality improvement plan of small streams and main stem will be necessary to establish the characteristics of small streams. This study selected a representative Hwacheon-gun in the northernmost basin of the Bukhan River. Hydro analysis was performed with GIS tools using DEM. A total of 152 small streams were listed. A total of 51 survey locations were selected after applying the selection criteria. Flow rate and water qualities were investigated. Pollution sources and pollutants loads were calculated for each basin. Pollution grade and typological classification were performed by cluster analysis using standardized environmental condition factors. As a result, G04, G01, H01 locations were found to have the worst pollution grades whereas J01, P01, and P02 had less pollution. Typological analyses were able to classify six types for the surveyed small streams. An effective water quality improvement plan was obtained based on the results of pollution grade and typological analysis using environmental condition factors of this study.