• 공업화학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2023

The detection of antibiotics in treated wastewater is a global concern as it enters water bodies and causes the development of antibiotic resistance genes in humans and marine life. The study specifically aims to explore the potential of ferrate (VI) in eliminating tetracycline (TCL). The degradation of TCL is optimized with parametric studies, viz., the effect of pH and concentration, which provide insights into TCL elimination. The increase in pH (from 7.0 to 10.0) favors the percentage removal of TCL; however, the increase in TCL concentrations from 0.02 to 0.3 mmol/L caused a decrease in percentage TCL removal from 97.4 to 29.1%, respectively, at pH 10.0. The time-dependent elimination of TCL using ferrate (VI) followed pseudosecond-order rate kinetics, and an apparent rate constant (kapp) was found at 1978.8 L² /mol² /min. Coexisting ions, i.e., NaNO₃, Na₂HPO₄, NaCl, and oxalic acid, negligibly affect the oxidation of TCL by ferrate (VI). However, EDTA and glycine significantly inhibited the elimination of TCL using ferrate (VI). The mineralization of TCL using ferrate (VI) was favored at higher pH, and it increased from 18.57 to 32.52% when the solution pH increased from pH 7.0 to 10.0. Additionally, the real water samples containing a relatively high level of inorganic carbon spiked with TCL revealed that ferrate (VI) performance in the removal of TCL was unaffected, which further inferred the potential of ferrate (VI) in real implications.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.407-415
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• 2006

This study carried out submerged area due to Dam construction in the near future. It includes species classification of plant, survey of community structure, examination of pollutant load and assessment of water quality impact. The vascular plants of this area are listed 224 taxa; 64 families, 168 genera, 193 species, 30 varieties and 1 form. This study area is classified into total 21 communities, most community was consist of grass vegetation. Among the communities, Erigeron annuus ($869,286m^2$, 22%) community was dominant and Erigeron annuus-Avena fatua comminity (16%) was subdominant until May, and then Erigeron canadensis community occupied most area to $1,774,985m^2$ (32%) from May to July. For the evaluation of water quality impact due to submerged macrophyte, nutrient release test was conducted both dead body macrophyte and living body macrophyte. The results of release test show that T-N is not released at dead body macrophyte, but it is released at living body macrophyte, especially living body Artemisia priceps var. orientalis shows 1.436mgN/g. At release test of dead body macrophyte, T-P release rate of Erigeron annuus shows 0.500mgP/g at the top of them and it also shows 0.436mgP/g at Erigeron annuus of living body macrophyte. T-N load of submerged macrophyte shows 0.76% by comparison of total load on watershed and T-P load of that shows 3.61%. In case of removal macrophyte for reduction of pollutant load in submerged area, T-N load of submerged macrophyte changes from 0.76% to 0.15% by comparison of total load on watershed and T-P load of that changes from 3.61% to 0.72%.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.242-249
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• 1998

The engineering aspect of water treatment processes in the recirculating aquaculture system was studied. To recycle the water in the aquaculture system, a wastewater treatment process was required to maintain high water quality for the growth and health of the cultured fish. In this study, three different biofilm processes were used to reduce the concentration of organic matters and ammonia from the recirculating water - two phase fluidized bed, three phase fluidized bed, and trickling filter. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the optimum treatment conditions of the biofilm processes for the recirculating aquaculture system, and thereby reduce the volume of biofilm processes, which are commonly used for the recycle water treatment processes for aquaculture. The result of this study showed that the removal efficiency of organic matters by trickling filter was found to be lower than that of the fluidized bed. In the trickling filter system, anthracite showed better organic removal efficiency than crushed stone as a media. In the two phase fluidized bed, the maximum removal efficiency of either organics or ammonia was obtained when both the packing rate of media was maintained to $40\%$ of total reactor depth excepting sediment zone and the bed expansion rate was maintained to $100\%$. When 100 tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of each average 200g was reared, the pollutant production rate was 0.07g $NH_4\;^+-N/kg$ fish/day and 0.06g P04-3-P/kg fish/day, and sludge production rate was 0.39 g SS/kg fish/day. In the two phase and three phase fluidized bed, the volume of water treatment tank could be calculated from an empirical equation by using the relationship between the influent COD to $NH_4\;^+-N$ ratio (C/N, -), media concentration (Cm, g/L), influent ammonia nitrogen concentration (Ni, mg/L), effluent ammonia nitrogen concentration (Ne, mg/L), bed expansion rate $(E,\;\%)$, and influent flowrate $(Q,\;m^3/hr)$. The empirical equation from this study is $$V_2\;=\;10^{3.1279}\;C/N^{3.5461}\;C_m\;^{-3.7473}\;N_i\;^{4.6477}\;E^{0.0326}\;N_e\;^{-0..8849}\;Q\;(Two\;Phase\;FB) V_3\;=\;10^{11.7507}\;C/N^{-1.2330}\;C_m\;^{-6.5715}\;N_i\;^{1.5091}\;N_e\;^{-1.8489}\;Q (Three\;Phase\;FB)$$

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2011

하수처리장 방류수를 추가로 처리하여 하천의 수질을 개선하려는 노력의 일환으로 범람/휴지식 홍수터여과에 대한 파일럿 규모의 실험을 수행하였다. 대상토양은 낙동강의 구미, 대구, 그리고 김해에서 얻었으며, 각 토양별로 운전경과에 따른 침투율 감소현상과 여러 침투율에서 각종 오염물질의 여과거리에 따른 제거율을 조사하였다. 실험결과 운전시간이 경과함에 따라 표층에서 폐색이 점차 발달하였고 이에 따라 침투율이 지수함수적으로 감소하였다. 표층의 폐색제거에 필요한 주기는 모든 토양에서 2주 이상이었고, 안정적인 침투율은 구미토양의 경우 5 m/day, 대구와 김해 토양의 경우에는 1 m/day이었다. 불포화대에서는 여과거리 증가에 따라 용존산소의 농도가 오히려 증가하여 범람/휴지를 번갈아 적용하는 방식이 토양을 호기환경으로 유지하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 모든 토양에서 침투율이 증가하여도 여과거리에 따른 오염제거특성은 거의 일정하였다. BOD와 탁도는 모든 토양의 여과거리 1.2 m에서 대부분 제거가 가능하였으며, COD는 3.6 m 여과에서 30% 이상 제거되었고 여과거리가 증가하면 그 제거율이 다소 향상될 것으로 예상되었다. 모든 토양의 표층부근에서 질산화반응이 진행되었으나 실험된 여과거리에서는 질소의 제거가 거의 없었다. 구미토양에서는 인 제거율이 낮았으나 다른 토양에서는 인 제거율이 상당하거나 매우 높아서 본 공법을 잘 활용하는 경우 하천수질을 크게 개선할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.296-300
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• 2001

In order to recycle the incineration ash (bottom ash and fly ash) generated from the incineration of municipal waste for a cement material, salts as well as heavy metal should be removed by the stabilization treatment. Most of these heavy metal and over 80% of salts are removed by a washing as a pre-treatment. However, wastewater which is another pollutant is generated by a washing, then proper treatment should be developed. First the characteristics of incineration ashes collected from two domestic full-sized incinerators were investigated and removal rate of salts and heavy metals from them also studied. The wastewater quality was compared to the criteria of the regulation by analyzing the characteristics of generated wastewater during the washing of incineration ash as a condition of liquid/solid ratio. Also, we tried to used this experimental results for the basic data to develop proper processing technique of municipal waste.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a inflow controller for the control of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Because of the inflow controller could be adjusted manually by predicting the maximum amount of peak flow, the mechanical adjustment of this controller was higher than the existing fixed-type controller in field application. Standardizing the relationship between the flow and the clearance and angle of an inlet cover plate on the inflow conditions can selected to the optimum conditions for the on-site. It was concluded that BOD pollutant loading at the region in which inflow controller was installed had shown the removal efficiency rate of 42%.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 미세기포 액막화 부상조를 이용하여 인 제거에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 미세기포 액막화 부상조는 기체용해탱크를 이용하여 부상 전 기 액을 충분히 용해시킨 후 일정한 저 압력으로 동일한 미세기포를 생성하도록 하는 방법을 사용하였다. $A_2O$ 공정과 m-$O_3$(미세기포 생성장치와 오존용해탱크가 결합된 공정)복합공정을 거친 2차 유출수를 인 제거 공정의 유입수로 사용하였으며, 원수의 T-P 농도가 2.89 mg/L일 때, 8%의 Alum을 30 mg/L의 농도로 주입하였을 경우 T-P 제거율이 94%를 나타내었고, T-P의 방류수수질기준인 0.2 mg/L 이하를 만족시키는 것으로 조사되었으며, 계절에 따른 수온 변화는 T-P 제거 특성에 영향을 주지 않았다. SS의 유입농도가 1.0 mg/L 이상일 시 SS가 응집공정 내의 seed 역할을 하여 평균 T-P의 제거율이 97% 이상 되는 것으로 조사되었고, 부상스컴을 50% 반송할 경우, 부상스컴 내에 포함되어 있는 응집제 성분 Al이 주입되는 응집제의 역할을 보조하여 오염물질의 응집효율을 극대화 시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 조건에서 T-P의 방류수 수질기준 0.2 mg/L 이하를 만족하는 0.18 mg/L의 농도를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.764-771
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• 2012

질소 및 인 함유 폐양액 처리를 위한 최적 인공습지 시스템을 선정하기 위해 처리조의 연결방식을 달리하여 최적 system을 선정하였고, 선정된 최적조건하에서 폐양액 부하량에 대한 적응성을 평가하였다. 현장 폐양액처리장에서 시스템별 정화효율을 평가한 결과 system A의 BOD, COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 각각 88, 77, 94, 54 및 94%로서 다른 시스템에 비해 가장 높은 정화효율을 보였다. 현장 폐양액처리장에서 폐양액 부하량별 수처리 효율을 조사한 결과 system A의 BOD, COD, SS, T-N 및 T-P의 처리효율은 폐양액 부하량에 따라 별 차이 없이 각각 87-89, 76-79, 93-94, 52-55 및 91-94%로 전반적으로 높고 안정적으로 처리되었다. 하지만 T-N의 처리효율은 55% 정도 수준으로 폐수배출기준을 안정적으로 만족하기 위해서는 질소처리효율을 좀 더 향상시킬 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

Total suspended solids (TSS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand ($BOD_5$), total nitrogen (T-N), and total phosphorous (T-P) concentrations around and under a floating island were examined from October 2002 to September 2003. The island was installed in July 2002 on the surface of an agricultural irrigation reservoir located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. It was composed of six polyethylene panels. Each panel was 2 m (length) ${\times}$ 1 m (width) ${\times}$ 0.02 m (thick) and had about thirty-two holes each with a diameter of eight centimeters, through which plant roots grew down into the water. Coconut fibers of nine-centimeters in height were placed on the panel, which sustained plants rhizomes and roots. Both the fibers and the panel were raped with polyethylene wire mashes. About thirty irises (Iris pseudoacorus) were planted into the fibers of each panel. The concentrations of TSS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P below the island during the iris-growing season averaged 9.70, 2.59, 3.61 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively and those around it averaged 9.99, 2.83, 4.07 and 0.16 mg/L, respectively. The average concentrations of TSS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P below it during the iris non-growing season were 8.68, 2.37, 3.25 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively and those near it were 8.76, 2.43, 3.34 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively. At a significance level of ${\alpha}$=0.05, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P concentrations under the island during the iris-growing season were significantly low when compared with those around it except TSS. No differences in TSS, $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P concentrations between around and near it were found at a significance level of ${\alpha}$=0.05 during the iris non-growing season. The removal of $BOD_5$, T-N, and T-P during the growing season were significantly high when compared with those during the non-growing season. TSS abatement of the floating island was very low during both the growing and non-growing seasons. The island's reductions of $BOD_5$, T-N and T-P were good during the growing season, especially T-N and T-P, which have been considered as primary pollutant sources causing the water quality degradation of reservoirs. The removal of T-N and T-P was primarily attributed to the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorous by the irises during the growing season.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2013

본 연구는 비점오염원 저감시설 중 침투시설의 유지관리에 관한 연구로서, 시설지내 여재의 투수계수 변화에 의한 침투율의 산정과 시설지로 유입되는 강우유출수의 저감효율을 통한 치환주기를 산정함과 동시에 시설지내 퇴적토 준설 주기를 산정하여 향후 시설의 효율과 성능을 향상시키기 위해 수행되었다. 현장투수시험과 실내투수시험은 각각 치환 전 후, 치환 후 4개월경과 후로 3회씩 총 9회 수행하였다. 저감효율은 2006년부터 2011년까지 TSS, BOD, CODmn, T-N, T-P의 각 항목별로 5년간 효율 변화가 검토되었다. 치환직후의 투수계수가 $1.07{\times}10^{-3}(cm/s)$, 1년 경과후의 투수계수가 $0.88{\times}10^{-3}(cm/s)$, 5년 경과후의 투수계수가 $0.3{\times}10^{-3}(cm/s)$으로 계산되었으며, 그에 따른 침투수량 또한 줄어드는 것으로 나타났다. 저감효율의 경우 전체적으로 효율이 낮아지는 추세를 보였으나 기존의 기대효율인 BOD 40%, SS 76%, T-N 39%, T-P 53%보다 효율이 높게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 최소한도인 $3.61{\times}10^{-4}(cm/s)$의 침투계수보다 5년이 지난 현재 시점의 침투계수가 높고 2010년 7월부터 2011년 7월까지 1년 동안 준설을 실시하지 않았음에도 불구하고 처리효율에 있어서 큰 차이를 보이지 않는 점을 고려 할 때 치환주기는 최소 5년 이상, 준설주기는 3개월에서 최대 1년 이상인 것으로 검토되었다.