• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2014

The MFFn(Mass first flush), EMCs(Event mean concentrations) and runoff loads were analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2011 to 2012) in transportation area(rail road in station). The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 9.6 mg/L, COD 29.9 mg/L, SS 16.7 mg/L, T-N 3.271 mg/L, T-P 0.269 mg/L in the transportation areas(Railroad in station). The average pollutant loading by unit area of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 $27.26kg/km^2$, COD $92.55kg/km^2$, SS $50.35kg/km^2$, T-N $10.13kg/km^2$ and T-P $10.13kg/km^2$ in the transportation areas. Estimated NCL-curve(Normalized cumulated-curve) was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to '1'. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.750-757
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• 2008

This study is conducted to characterize and evaluate delivered pollutant loads of point and nonpoint source on the upper watershed of lake paldang. The study area consists of 12 watersheds in Namhan-river and Kyungahcheon, which are approximately 80% of total area of Namhan-river and Kyungahcheon. Based on daily delivered loads from watersheds, 61% of $BOD_5$, 81% of T-N and 70% of T-P were from nonpoint sources, suggesting that delivered loads of nonpoint pollutants be crucial to water quality. On the other hand, 78% of $BOD_5$, 92% of T-N and 87% of T-P as delivered load were from nonpoint sources in an upper watershed of Namhan-river, while 48% of $BOD_5$, 70% of T-N and 57% of T-P as delivered load were from nonpoint sources in a lower watershed of Namhan-river, suggesting higher dependency of point sources than upper watershed of Namhan-river. In the characteristic of delivered loading pollutants from point and nonpoint pollution sources, delivered load of nonpoint pollutants differed significantly by seasonal flow, and as though discharged load of point pollutants were yearly uniform, delivered load of point pollutants was found to be flow-dependent because its delivery ratio was changed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2014

Riparian areas are significant functional grounds for inhabiting ecological system on the river such as the self-regulation of the water quality and the foundation of important corridors. For such functional device to operate, consecutive land purchase scheme that prioritizes targeted areas with high pollutant load rate imposes sustainable development of the ecological riparian belt. The purpose of this study is focused on measuring the methodology for selecting land purchse order before establishing riparian belt in accordance with pollution loading estimation and the basin approach. The Yeongsan and Seomjin river which includes targeted areas of the land purchase have been classified into the large-medium-small(standard basin) influence areas based on their catchment rage, which than sub-divided the research area of Juam lake by 38 small basins and 223 units. Small basins with the high pollution load rates have been assessed as the first prioritized targets. For the second priority, the condition of the point pollutant sources, original area of the targets, original restored area were concerned. The final decision of the land purchase order targeted only those within 50 meter range from the basin. To validate the accumulated data, the on-site investigation went along the targeted zones, which the result shows that all prioritized areas included both point and non-point pollutant sources, and had not a small originally restored areas.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2021

In this study, an Excel-based model (ROADMOD) was developed to estimate pollutant loading from the road and evaluate BMPs. ROADMOD employs the Chezy-Manning equation and empirical expression for estimating surface runoff, and power function for pollutant buildup, and exponential function for pollutant washoff in SWMM. The results of model calibration for buildup and washoff using observed data revealed a good match between the simulation results and the observed data. The long-term surface runoff and sediment simulated by ROADMOD demonstrated a good match with those by SWMM with 2 ~ 14% of relative error. The shorter sweeping interval (within 8 days) remarkably decreased sediment loads from the road. It was found that the effect of reducing sediment loads from the road was greatly affected not only by the sweeping interval but also by sweeping on the day before a rainfall event. The 48% of removal efficiency of sediment loads from the road was achieved with 26 times of road sweeping per year when sweeping was performed on the day before the rainfall event. A 4-day sweeping interval showed similar removal efficiency (48%) with 96 times of sweeping per year. It is considered that the road sweeping on the day before a rainfall event could maximize the effect of reducing the non-point source pollution from the road with minimization of the number of road sweeping. So, the road sweeping on the day before a rainfall event can be considered as one of the useful and best management practices (BMPs) on road.

• 한국환경기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.514-527
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• 2018

본 연구는 전라북도 섬진강수계의 수질을 예측 분석하여 수질을 개선하는 시나리오를 구성하여 결과를 산출하였다. 결과적으로 공공하수처리시설의 배출수 관리강화 및 오염물질 관리 개선과 국내 축산계 감소에 따라 수질이 최대 BOD 15.32 %, T-N 7.17 %, T-P 62.86 %로 개선된 것으로 분석되었다. 효율적인 감축 계획수립, 오염부하량 저감계획, 하수 처리 효율 증대 계획, 공공하수처리시설 확대로 인한 오염물질 감소 및 총 오염 부하 동물 배설물 에너지 회수 등 다양한 삭감계획을 보완한 것으로 분석되었다. 자연증가 및 경제발전을 고려한 수질 개선 계획에 대한 연구개발은 수질 개선에 효율적이다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2019

Broadly speaking, in order to analyze the water quality improvement effects of the implementation of the Total Water Pollutant Management System in the Sapgy-Lake waterways, a reference was made to the [Plans for implementation of the Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL)] in 3 cities (Cheonan, Asan, Dangjin). The results of the investigation into the plans to reduce the pollutant load show in that region show that there are plans to reduce pollution for a total of 16 reduction facilities. As for the result of the computation of the reduction in the load, these measurements were computed at the Gokgyo-stream basin and Namwon-stream basin, with BOD and T-P at the Gokgyo-stream basin reduced by 13.9 % and 13.3 %, respectively, while BOD and T-P at the Namwon-stream were reduced by 3.7 % and 3.3 %, respectively. In this way, thus using the results of the water quality forecast of Sapgyo-Lake in measures for the improvement of water quality (in accordance with the implementation of the TMDL), and using the QUAL-MEV model and EFDC model, it is noted that BOD will be improved by 26.4 % from 6.1 mg/L to 4.5 mg/L 0.0 %, T-P by 36.7 % from 0.168 mg/L to 0.107 mg/L and TOC by 26.4 % from 7.7 mg/L to 5.6 mg/L. However, it is forecasted that the targeted standards for the medium influence area will not be achieved. Evidently, Gokgyo-stream and Namwon-stream have been implementing the Total Water Pollutant Management System for the BOD items since January 1, 2019, but the Sapgyo-stream and Muhan-stream were excluded from being designated as subject regions. As such, it is noted now that it is necessary to implement the TMDL for the entire Sapgyo-Lake water systems including Sapgyo-stream and Muhan-stream in order to improve the water quality of Sapgyo-Lake, and likewise the T-P should be designated as the substance subjected to management in addition to BOD.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 돈사 폐수내의 인과 질소를 함께 결정화하여 회수하고 그 상등액을 전기분해 시키는 회분식 돈사 폐수공정에서의 오염물질 부하량과 수처리시간 변화에 따른 처리효율의 변화 및 각 오염물질 제거특성을 파악하였다. Struvite 형성을 위한 Mg원으로는 $MgCl_2$를 사용하였고 주입량은 폐수내 인 기준 1.3 Mole이었다. 총 4개의 운전(Run I, II, III, IV)에서 얻어진 평균 제거효율과 그 제거특성을 분석한 결과 인의 경우 부하량 변화에 따른 처리효율의 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며 제거의 주요 역할을 하는 반응조는 Struvite 반응조로서 적정 Mg원만 제공된다면 pH 조절제 첨가 없이 폭기만으로도 부하량에 관계없이 88% 이상의 제거가 MAP 형성을 통해 얻어지는 것으로 나타났다. 높은 암모니아성 질소 제거효율을 유지하기 위한 적정 부하량은 약 100g/$m^3$.d로서 동 부하량 이하에서는 부하량이 증가함에 따라 제거량도 증가하면서 90% 이상의 높은 효율과 일정한 제거특성을 보인 반면 그 이상에서는 불안정한 제거특성을 나타내면서 제거효율이 감소하였다. TOCs의 경우에는 부하량 변화에 따른 처리효율 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며, 그 제거효율은 수처리 시간에 의존적인 것으로 나타났다 ($r^2$ = 0.97). 색도 제거 효율은 전기분해조 용적기준 수처리시간 2일 이상에서 94%의 매우 높고 일정한 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.415-421
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• 2004

Litter wastes on highway runoff are gradually being considered one of the major pollutants of concern in protecting the integrity of receiving waters for beneficial use. The California State Water Resources Control Board has identified in their 303(d) list at least 36 water bodies where trash or litter is considered a pollutant of concern. The first TMDL adopted by the Region 4 (Los Angeles area) of the California State Water Quality Control Board was for trash in the Los Angeles River. The first flush characteristic study was developed to obtain first flush water quality and litter data from representative stormwater runoff from standard highway drainage outfalls in the Los Angeles area. Total captured gross pollutants in stormwater runoff were monitored at six Southern California highway sites over two years. The gross pollutants were 90% vegetation and 10% litter. Approximately 50% of the litter was composed of biodegradable materials. The event mean concentrations show an increasing trend with antecedent dry days and a decreasing trend with total runoff volume or total rainfall. Event mean concentrations were ranged 0.0021 to 0.259g/L for wet gross pollutants and 0.0001 to 0.027g/L for wet litters. The first flush phenomenon was evaluated and the impacts of various parameters such as rainfall intensity, drainage area, peak flow rate, and antecedent dry period on litter volume and loading rates were evaluated. First flush phenomenon was generally observed for litter concentrations, but was not apparent with litter mass loading rates. Litter volume and loading rates appear to be directly related to peak storm intensity, antecedent dry days and total flow volume.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1984

물금, 양산천, 화명동 그리고 하단에 이르는 낙동강하류역에서 1983년 5~6월에 조석변동에 따른 수질분석과 유출량을 조사하여 오염부하량을 산출하고, 양산천의 본류에 대한 영향을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 양산천의 총부유물질 값은 6.1~21.3mg/l로 다른 측점에서보다 높았다. BOD의 평균치는 물금에서 1.16mg/l, 양산천 1.83mg/l, 화염동 0.79mg/l, 하단에서 3.56mg/l였다. 2. 영양염류의 농도는 하단에서 가장 높았고, 양산천에서의 값 역시 본류 보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 구리와 아연의 농도는 양산천에서 가장 높았다. 3. 각 측점에서의 평균유출량은 물금 97.02m super(3)/sec 양산천 3.7m super(3)/sec, 화명동에서 98.76m super(3)/sec였고 양산천의 본류에 대한 유출량 비는 약 4% 정도였다. 4. TSS, VSS, BOD에 대한 오염부하량들은 상류인 물금에서 하류인 화명동으로 갈수록 감소하였으나 BOD와 영양염류의 부하량은 화명동에서 높게 나타났다. 5. 물금에서의 평균부하량에 대한 양산천의 평균부하량 비는 약 8.3%로 나타났다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2017

Although it is well known that rain plays an important role in capturing air pollutants, its quantitative evaluation has not been done enough. In this study, the effect of raindrop size on pollutant scavenging was investigated by clarifying the chemical nature of individual size-resolved raindrops and their residual particles. Raindrops as a function of their size were collected using the raindrop collector devised by our oneself in previous study (Ma et al., 2000) during high atmospheric loading for $PM_{2.5}$. Elemental analyses of solid residues and individual residual particles in raindrops were subsequently analyzed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), respectively. The raindrop number concentration ($m^{-2}h^{-1}$) tended to drastically decrease as the drop size goes up. Particle scavenging rate, $R_{sca.}$ (%), based on the actual measurement values were 38.7, 69.5, and 80.8% for the particles with 0.3-0.5, 0.5-1.0, and $1.0-2.0{\mu}m$ diameter, respectively. S, Ca, Si, and Al ranked relatively high concentration in raindrops, especially small ones. Most of the element showed a continuous decrease in concentration with increasing raindrop diameter. The source profile by factor analysis for the components of residual particles indicated that the rainfall plays a valuable role in scavenging natural as well as artificial particles from the dirty atmosphere.