• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

This study attempted to develop and suggest a more appropriate method for the determination of event mean concentration (EMC) and pollutant removal efficiency of a stormwater best management practice (BMP) considering rainfall. The stormwater runoff and hydrologic data gathered from 22 storm events during a 28-month monitoring period on a swirl and filtration type of BMP were used to evaluate the developed methods. Based on the findings, the modified EMC method resulted in lower (average) values than the overall EMC, although the differences were not significant (P>0.05). By comparison, the developed 'Rainfall Occurrence Ratio' (ROR) method was most significantly correlated (r=0.967 to 988, P<0.009) with the other existing removal efficiency determination methods such as the 'Efficiency Ratio' (ER), 'Summation of Loads' (SOL) and 'Regression of Loads' (ROL) methods. In addition, the ROR method gave the highest efficiency values, with no significant differences with any of the pollutant parameters, unlike the other three methods. These results were obtained because the ROR method integrated both pollutant loading and rainfall, which are not considered by the other three methods. Therefore, this study proved the suitability of the modified EMC and ROR methods for application in other BMP monitoring studies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.281-291
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• 2009

In Total Water Pollutant Load Management System of Korea, unit load approach based on land register data is currently used for the estimation of non-point pollutant load. However, a problem raised that land register data could not always reflect the actual land surface coverages which determine runoff characteristics of non-point pollution sources. As a way to overcome this, we tried to establish quantitative relationships between the aerial images (0.4m resolution) which reflect actual land surface coverages and the land registration maps according to the 19 major designated land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed. Analyses showed different relationships according to the land-use categories. Only a few land-use categories including forestry, road and river showed essentially identical and some categories such as orchard, parking lot and sport utility site showed no relationships at all between image data and land register data. Except for the two cases, all the other categories showed statistically significant linear relationships between image data and land register data. The analyses indicate that using high resolution aerial maps is a better way to estimate non-point pollutant load. If the aerial maps are not available, application of the linear relationships as conversion factors of land register data to image data could be an possible option to estimate non-point pollutant loads for the specific land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.241-241
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• 2021

Recent developments recommend the use of SSS to prevent combined sewer overflows and reduce excessive pollutant deposition in the receiving waters; however, other studies also suggest that SSS have minimal or no advantage over CSS in terms of reducing the pollutant loads being discharged in natural waterways. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of employing SSS in improving the water quality of the rivers in Okcheon-gun, South Korea. The former combined sewer outfalls (CSOs) were monitored to determine the presence of illicit connections or leaks in the newly-established SSS. Dry and wet-day monitoring was conducted alongside the collection of water samples on 14 points along the reach of the rivers and four former CSOs to determine water quality changes and patterns of pollutant loading. Among the 34 former CSOs in the study area, eight former CSOs exhibited dry-day discharges, implying the possibility of having illicit connections, leaks, or illegal wastewater discharge in the system. Moreover, relatively high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations, ranging from 4.8 mg/L to 24.9 mg/L and 6.4 mg/L to 10.1 mg/L, respectively were observed on three out of the four monitored CSOs. Fluctuations in the pollutant concentrations in the different monitored points along the river was also observed due to the presence of pipes discharging polluted water. Ultimately, further studies are necessary to identify the sources of dry-day discharges in the CSOs to successfully improve the water quality of the rivers in the area.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

This paper address the characteristics of loading pollutants caused by the unit agricultural area to establish an efficient management method in NPS (non-point source). The relationship between rainfall and runoff shows good coefficient with 0.92, when the event which shows relatively long antecedent dry days is excepted. The impact of runoff volume on the runoff coefficient can be described by the rainfall intensity strongly. The pollutant EMCs (event mean concentrations) in runoff increased by the increase of antecedent dry days due to dry soil conditions. As the similar pattern of pollutant's loads such as TSS, BOD, COD, TN and TP, it is cleared that other pollutants can be removed when TSS is removed. Therefore the system using only runoff coefficients is not sufficient for the prediction of pollutant loads. It is necessary to consider soil conditions such as rainfall, antecedent dry day, antecedent rainfall etc. for the prediction system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.543-549
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• 2000

Water quality was monitored from a watershed with small-scale livestock production farms. To evaluate pollution potential, land use, population, the size of livestock production of each farm, and livestock management were surveyed. Climate and stream flow data were gathered. Water samples were taken periodically for base conditions and some storm events. Pollutant loading was estimated by flow volume and concentrations of constituents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.557-562
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• 2000

Estuary lakes constructed for agricultural water resources development projects have encountered eutrophication problems. Natural water purification function of wetland is considered for nutrient removal from inflowing stream. A constructed wetland was designed and installed for pollutant loading abatement in estuary lake Koheung. Combined pond-wetland system was adopted. In this system primary and secondary ponds and six wetland cells were interconnected. Reed and cattail were selected for wetland vegetation and planted in the wetland cells. In this paper, design criteria of the pond-wetland system in temperate weather zone is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.727-733
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• 1999

In general ,wastes of livestock are covered 1% in the total wastes in Korea. But, actual pollutant loading rates by an organic material are 18% which will be serious problem in fresh water lake. An aim of this study is analyzing water quality in Bo-Ryeoung fresh water lake which are arounded by a lot of small livestock area, so that look for how to manage water quality of fresh waterlake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.399-402
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• 2001

After the legal foundation for the Total Load Control System (TLCS) process is embedded in integrated water management counterplan for 4 major river basins (1998), Kyunggido Kwangju City prepared the implementation plan of TLCS at first time. There is little difference between TLCS and TMDL(Total Daily Maxium Loading; U.S.A). TMDL is applied only when mandatory effluent limitations are not stringent enough to attain any water quality standard. But object of TLCS not only attain water quality standard at distributed watershed but also consider development of area at non-distributed watershed. For applying of systematic and consistent TLCS, we need to establish a system integrated watershed and point source, non-point source and assessed massive database easily. Now we are study on applicable possibility of BASINS on Korea, we think that BASINS's tool and many models are more easily apply to TLCS, so we recommend TLCS will be applied using BASINS.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.94-102
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• 2000

Investigated was the effectiveness of a constructed wetland system on water quality in Hwa-Ong estruarin reservoir, located in Hwasung-Gun, Kyunggi-Do. Procedures for estimation of pollutant loading from watershed and required area for natural systems, and simulation of corresponding reservoir water quality were reviewed. Generally, simulated reservoir water quality was within the reasonable range, and about 15% of total polder farmland was required to meet the agricultural water quality standards. The model was applied based on the current loading condition without additional treatment systems. Wetland system is an ecologically sound treatment system. Therefore, natural systems can be an alternative measure for water quality improvement in polder projects. The area for natural systems was estimated using literature value which might be acceptable at the planning stage. However, pilot system and its experimental data are requisite for large scale field application. WASP5 was proved to be a useful and versatile model, and its application to estuarine reservoir water quality simulation was thought to be appropriate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.347-357
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• 2015

Baswflow is defined as short term discharge through groundwater caused by rainfall events. Impacts of baseflow is significant on water quality especially where pervious agricultural watershed as groundwater is more vulnerable to the contamination. In this study, the Cheongmicheon watershed was subjected to study to assess the impacts of baseflow on surface water quality, where more than 90% of pollutant load is originated from the livestock raising area, and very high probability of surface water contamination due to the baseflow. To estimate nutrient loading cased by baseflow, NI (Numerical Integration) model and LOADEST (LOADing ESTimation) model were used.