• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.368-371
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• 2006

The complex analysis of male reproductive system of vines and fruit-tyees growing in zone of the Armenian Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP) is realized. The obtained data demonstrate that the homogeneous pollen with high fertility and optimal morphometric parameters in all variants is formed. The obtained results demonstrate that there is no one-sided effect of ANPP on the development and formation of investigated male generative system of vines and fruit trees. Thus, on the base of obtained results we can't confirm its deleterious effect on the environment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.581-586
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• 2009

Bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum cv. Plenty) were grown under low night temperatures (LNT: day/night temperature of $28/13^{\circ}C$) and optimum night temperatures (ONT: day/night temperature of $28/20^{\circ}C$) in growth chambers. Pollen grains were collected from plants in the growth chamber and incubated at 10, 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$. After 24 hr incubation, in both ONT and LNT, the highest percent pollen germinations were observed at $25^{\circ}C$ followed by germinations at $30^{\circ}C$. Percent pollen germination at $25^{\circ}C$ was 42% in ONT - two times higher than in LNT at 21%. Pollen tube length was much longer at ONT than at LNT, regardless of incubation temperature. Compared with other treatments, earlier and quicker pollen tube elongation was observed in ONT pollen grains incubated at $25^{\circ}C$. To find pollen viability in plant growing conditions, pollen grains were incubated in LNT ($28/13^{\circ}C$) and ONT ($28/20^{\circ}C$) growth chambers for 24 hr. Petri-dishes with pollen grains were put in the growth chambers at the beginning of the night condition. Pollen grains in the LNT growth chamber did not germinate at night ($13^{\circ}C$), but began to germinate when the day condition ($28^{\circ}C$) started. Pollen grains in the ONT condition, however, started germinating from the early night ($20^{\circ}C$) and germination continued during the day ($28^{\circ}C$). Plants in LNT showed increased flower stalk length, ovary diameter, stamen length, flower weight, and fruit length. LNT conditions did not impair seed set. There were no differences in seed sets between fruits at LNT and ONT. Normal seed sets in LNT show that fertilization may be completed during daytime. However, further investigation is needed to find what extent of temperature stress causes malformed and/or parthenocarpic fruits in this bell pepper.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.711-715
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• 2006

The objective of this study was focused on the enhancement of pollen germination frequency in peach (Prunus $persica\;_{SIEB}$) under low temperature conditions. The effect of factors such as amino acid, polyamine, and flavonoid on the pollen germination was investigated, and the results are summarized as follows. When amino acid, polyamine or flavonoid was added to the germination medium at $10^{\circ}C$, pollen germination frequency was strongly promoted. Optimum concentration of each supplement for pollen germination enhancement was $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_3$, 10 mM asparagine, 10 mM glutamine, 100 mM spermine, $1000\;{\mu}M$ putrescine, and $1.0\;{\mu}M$ kaemferol. The best combination of factors in pollen germination was $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_3+10\;mM$ asparagine, followed by $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_310mM$ glutamine, $100\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;H_3BO_3+200mM$ spermine, and 10 mM asparagine. These combinations promoted pollen germination by 18% in 'Nagasawa-Hakuho', and 19% in 'Shuho' compared to their germination percentage on the basal medium.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.869-875
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• 1997

The chemical components of Korean pollens and pollen extracts were analysed to provide fundamental data for pollen processing and products development. The contents of crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, crude fiber and carbohydrate of pollens were $14.0{\sim}22.3%,\;3.0{\sim}8.8%,\;2.2{\sim}3.3%,\;0{\sim}37.5%,\;and\;31.9{\sim}64.4%$ respectively, showing the specially high crude fiber content (37.5%) in Pine pollen. Almost all the carbohydrate, lipid, protein and ash components except fiber were extracted by water and n-hexane. Free sugars identified in water extracts $(10\;^{\circ}Bx)$ of pollens were fructose and glucose as major component and maltose as minor component. The proportions of three free sugars to total soluble solid content of Mixed, Acorn, and Pine water extracts were 73.6%, 85.4% and 47.7% respectively. Potassium and phosphorus content in pollens and pollen water extracts were high, but Ca, Na, Mg, Fe and Zn were not major mineral components. The essential amino acids such as leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, lysine, valine, isoleucine and threonine were contained richly in pollens and those were almost completely extracted by water. Vitamin $B_1$ and C were not detected, but only small amount of vitamin $B_2$ was detected in the pollens and pollen extracts tested. The essential fatty acids such as linoleic acid and linolenic acid were contained richly in pollens. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acid content in Mixed, Acorn and Darae pollen except Pine was higher than 50%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.561-565
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• 2006

This study was carried out to identify the effect of sucrose, calcium, and boron on the increase of pollen germination frequency in peach $(Prunus\;persica\;_{SIEB})$ under various temperature levels. The highest pollen germination was obtained at $20^{\circ}C$. Pollen germination was completed in 3.5 hrs. after planting of pollen on the basal medium which was composed of 1% agar and 10% sucrose, and conditioned pH 5.5. The optimum concentrations of sucrose and $H_3BO_3$ at $25^{\circ}C$ were 10% and $100\;mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$, respectively. However, $CaCl_2$ inhibited pollen germination in peach. Eight peach cultivars showed significantly different germinabilities at $10^{\circ}C$ on the basal medium. 'Nagasawa-Hakuho' showed the highest germinability of 26.1%, and 'Baekmijosaeng' showed the lowest germinability of 0.1%. $H_3BO_3$ strongly promoted pollen germination frequency when added to the germination medium at $10^{\circ}C$. Optimum concentration was $100\;mg\;{\cdot}\;L^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.265-268
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• 2012

There are increasing number of allergic patients due to the increasing outdoor activities and allergenic pollens by local climate changes. Korea Meteorological Administration provides daily forecasts for pollen allergy warnings on the Internet. The forecast models are composed of pollen concentration models and risk grade levels. The accuracy of the models was determined in terms of risk grade. Pollen concentration models were developed using the observed data during from 2001 to 2006 and accuracy was validated against the data during from 2010 to 2011. The accuracy was different from location to location. The accuracy for most tree species was higher in April than that in May. The accuracy for weed species was higher in October than in September. Our result suggest that the models presented in this study can be used to estimate daily number and risk grade of pollens.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2017

We evaluated the nutritional composition including proximate, amino acid, vitamin, minerals, and the antioxidant activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) pollen grains collected by Apis mellifera bees, to be used as a species of forage plant with Quercus acutissima (acorn) and Actinidia arguta pollen grains. The content of crude protein and fat were found 14.43% and 5.67%, respectively. Eighteen amino acids from buckwheat pollen were found, including 8 essential amino acids. The predominant amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine, accounting for about 42.7% of total free amino acids. The concentration of vitamin C was the highest value of 13.7 mg/100g, followed by $B_3$ (niacin) and $B_1$ among the detected vitamins. The predominant minerals were potassium (1197.95mg/100g), followed by phosphorus (962.77mg/100g) and magnesium (535.42mg/100g), whereas copper, zinc and manganese were detected as minor elements. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content accounted for 8.1% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ extract and $2.25{\mu}g/mg$, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

In order to select excellent cross parents for development new cultivar of low temperature tolerant, combining ability was conducted by 24 cross combinations obtained from crosses between 'Dahong', 'Gamhong', 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang' as seed parents and 'Dahong', 'Gamhong', 'Maehyang', 'Sugyeong', 'Sunhong', 'Wongyo 3111' as pollen parents. The results showed that two cultivars of 'Dahong', 'Gamhong' were not suitable for seed parents. Because average fruit weight in case of 'Dahong' as a seed parent was the tendency to become the smallest in total cross combinations, survival ratio in case of 'Gamhong' as a seed parent was the lowest in total cross combinations. And fruit hardness in case of 'Sunhong' as a pollen parent was the tendency to low, incidence of malformed fruit in case of 'Sugyeong' as a pollen parent was the tendency to be increased. Therefore, two cultivars of 'Sunhong', 'Sugyeong' was also not suitable for pollen parents. But In case of 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' as seed parents, germination percent and survival rate were relatively higher than other seed parents, fruit quality and yield had also excellent. Therefore, there could be selected to 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' as seed parents and 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', 'Wongyo3111' as pollen parents. Especially, the crosses 'Maehyang' × 'Seolhyang', 'Seolhyang' × 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang' × 'Wongyo3111' were suitable for cross combination for development new cultivar of low temperature tolerant to be demonstrated the excellence as cross parents in sugar contents, fruit weight, fruit hardness and yield.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1990.10a
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• pp.56-57
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• 1990

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2010

The pollen dispersal by wind can make an important to understanding the viability and evolution of plants in ecological and agricultural science. Modelling can be applied to evaluate concerns about the spread of engineered pollens from genetically modified (GM) crops. Here, we are using gamma model to estimate the level of dispersal distance of pollen in the cross-pollination between two different maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars in GMO field of Korea University during the year 2010. The result of estimation of model indicates maximum pollen dispersal distance of estimated proportion of cross-pollination of maize was reached to 0.1% in 525 meter northwest due to the wind. We identify further measurements necessary to improve the accuracy of the model predictions.