• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-172
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• 2016

This study analyzes the process of growth of Busan from a fishing village to the capital city of South Gyeongsang Province and the central city of transportation and commerce, and an industry with records. The results of the analysis are as follows: after the port opened in 1876, there has been a decline in settlement spaces in Dongnae; on the other hand, there has been an increase in migration spaces around the port of Busan. Waegwan (倭館) nearby Yongdusan Mountain (龍頭山) was changed to the Japanese concession; thus, the number of Japanese moving into Busan had rapidly increased. As a result, the Japanese government carried out reclamation work for securing available lands for the construction of port facilities and other facilities. The Japanese government built public offices and houses, as well as production facilities for daily necessities around the port of Busan. The opening of the Seoul Busan railway (京釜線) and the cross-channel liner between Busan and Shimonoseki (釜關連絡船) led to the growth of Busan and the development of its status. At this time, as the main industry of Busan was trade, Busan had grown as a commercial city. As Busan had grown as a central city of transportation and commerce, the provincial government building of Gyeongsangnam-do (慶尙南道) moved to Busan. Thus, Busan became the central city of local politics and administration. After the Land Survey Project, a large scale of farmers were recruited for low-wage work in the new port. Because of the abolition of the corporation law, Japanese capitalists moved into their colony in Busan. There, large-scale factories, such as the Joseon cotton textile factory, were established. Through this process, the locality of Busan was changed from a fishing village to a commercial city and, finally, to a city of commerce and industry.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.11
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• pp.15-40
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• 2005

'Governance' is a subject that is widely discussed these days in the government and the academic world. I think that the new concept, 'governance', is a strategy to develop the democracy of the society in its institutional and functional aspects. When we are going to discuss about governance, public records and their relationships, without understanding the meaning of 'public' in Korea, we cannot expect to discuss the matter precisely. It is said that Korean public service sectors are awash with authoritarianism and unreasonableness, and that they are at the center of seething corruption and bribe scandals. It is the legacy that the regimes adopted in the aftermath of the Japanese colonial rule for 35 years. The colonial legacy included not simply the practice of the Japanese colony, but also people who had collaborated the Japanese. The American military government and Rhee, Sung-Man regime also appointed the same officials to government posts. As was the same case in other areas including economy, press, education, politics, law, etc. In this point of view, "Righting historical wrongs", a controversial issue now in Korea, aims at establishing the right relationships between an individual and the public, and eventually laying the foundation of democracy for future generation, a procedure of achieving good governance. Apparently, Korea has made progress in developing democracy, as well as in reforming the government policy and organization. Many independent commissions are performing the projects instead of the government institutions that mandated to do the job, but has not played their roles. The e-government projects in Korea was launched in 2001 by the former administration. However, the confusion of records-management after the promulgation of the act is the result of the lack of strategy and the inconsistency of the vision. Good record-keeping supports effective, transparent and accountable government. Accountability is a key element of good governance. It is a recognized fact that without information, there is no guidance for decision-making, and accountability. Thus without records, there is no accountability for the decisions of actions. Transparency means that the decisions taken and their enforcement are carried out based on led-out rules and regulations. When both accountability and transparency are non-existent, good governance is bound to fail. Archival institutions have to give an attention to inner-governance because of the new trend of archival practice, namely 'macro-appraisal'. This 'macro-appraisal' is a kind of a functions-based approach. However, macro-appraisal focuses not just on function, but on the three-way interaction of function, structure and citizen, which combined reflect the functioning of the state within civil society, that is to say, its governance. In conclusion, the public and democracy are major challenges in the Korean society. The so-called good governance requires good record management. In this respect, records managers are in the front line of instituting good governance, and achieving better public and democracy for future generation, a procedure of achieving good governance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.265-281
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• 2013

The early history of foreign Protestant missionaries in Korea has begun in the late 19th century, when they came to work as professionals such as teachers, medical doctors, etc. as the nation opened its door to western culture with the fall of national isolationism. Their records are considered crucial resources that enable us to shed new light on modern Korean history, politics, economy and society beyond mere religious value. Despite the recognition of such historic value of early missionary resources, however, there has been serious lacking of a systematic attempt to develop policies and plans for making it easy to collect, preserve and access the resources. Up to date, the records of early Protestant missionaries, in diverse forms of mission reports, books, periodicals, personal diaries, letters and photos, are scattered around various places, including their home country churches, governments, libraries, museums, research institutes and homes. Therefore, this research aims at providing basic resources on the archival status of early Protestant missionaries in Korea, needed for developing a sustainable and systematic digital archive system, through the investigation of early foreign missionaries' resources and in-depth interviews of experts. The study covers the period of 1800s to 1910, that is from the beginning of Protestant missionaries entering into Korea until the start of the Japanese annexation in 1910.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.48
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• pp.210-252
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• 2016

Community creates, receives and preserves the records, which made the community members and the entire society remember their history. As for community archives, archival appraisal is very political activity because appraisal of community records means whose memory remain alive in history. This study aims to analyze archival appraisal theories from the perspective of community and community archives, and suggest appraisal model for community archives. This study begins with examining the meaning of community archives and appraisal related issues including; i) community identity and independence of archives, ii) struggle of memory and multiple narratives, iii) uniqueness of each community and its archives, and iv) community archives as memory process and social inclusion. At the next stage, it deals with the archival theories from Schellenberg's archival values theory to macro-appraisal, to investigate possible application of theories for community records appraisal. It finds that the societal approach of macro-appraisal have advantage to appraise the community records. This study finally suggests the appraisal model for community archives by modifying the macro-appraisal components as well as by complying the principles of community archives. The model consists of the purpose and object of appraisal, principle and basis of valuation, and cooperation model between mainstream repository and community.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-160
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• 2003

The GyoJungEuiSeoGook(校定醫書局, the bureau for revising of medical books) which was established in the 2nd year of InJong GaWoou of Song dynasty, made comparative analyzation about various kinds of publication and reference materials of all classical medical books that was published until Jin Han and Su Dang dynasty, revised the medical books like as Bozushinnongboncho(補注神農本草), Zungkwangbozuhwangjenegyungsomun(重廣補注黃帝內經素問), Shanghanlon(傷寒論), Bigupchunggumyobang (備急千金要方), Magkyung(脈經), Oedaebiyo(外臺備要), Hwangjechimgugapeulgyung(黃帝鍼灸甲乙經), Cchunggumikbang(千金翼方) etc. The signification of such revision was not only to preserve the materials which may be lost before, bibliographically and also make the books of Hwangjenegyung(黃帝內經), Shanghanlon(傷寒論) etc. become more regularly. And it made the foundation of Korean Medical research depends on the documentary records so as to make it have big development by deductive method till the beginning of modern age. The success of GyoJungEuiSeoGook(校定醫書局) indicates that the stagnation of Korean Medical research due to it's behind with the development of politics-economy, social culture and scientific technology which based on western scientific culture. So we may draw the conclusion that the success of scientific research needs to parallel with the external and internal factors of the surrounding science.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.96-110
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• 2004

The GyoJungEuiSeoGuk(교정의서국, the bureau for revising of medical books) which was established in the 2nd year of InJong GaWoou of Song dynasty, made comparative analyzation about various kinds of publication and reference materials of all classical medical books that was published until Jin Han and Su Dang dynasty, revised the medical books like as Bozushinnongboncho(보주신농본초), Zungkwangbojuhwangjenegyungsomun(중황보주황제내경소문), Shanghanlon(상한론), Bigupchunggumyobang (비급천금요방), Magkyung (맥경), Hwangjechimgugapeulgyung(황제침구갑을경), Oedaebiyo (외대비요), Chunggumikbang(천금익방) etc. The signification of such revision was not only to preserve the materials which may be lost before, bibliographically and also make the books of Hwangjenegyung(황제내경), Shanghanlon(상한론) etc. become more regularly. And it made the foundation of Korean Medical research depends on the documentary records so as to make it have big development by deductive method till the beginning of modem age. The success of GyoJungEuiSeoGuk indicates that the stagnation of Korean Medical research due to $it^{circ}{\Phi}s$ behind with the development of politics-economy, social culture and scientific technology which based on western scientific culture. So we may draw the conclusion that the success of scientific research needs to parallel with the external and internal factors of the surrounding science.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.32
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• pp.225-260
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• 2016

This paper aims to shed light on the structure of "Eonji[言志]" to demonstrate that it is a song with educational purposes, which is evident in its meaning and constitution. Based on various records of the epilogue and from the texts handed down several generations, it is clear that is an educational song that describes the life of ascholar and the core of knowledge as considered by Lee-Huang. Therefore, the meaning contained in Eonji[言志] is closely related to Lee-Huang's thoughts and it reflects the Confucian way of life. In the 4thphase, Pimi-ilin[彼美一人] of Eonji[言志] states that self-learning and serving the king can be carried out concurrently. The 5th phase of Eonji[言志] describes the anxiety of the lord for the wiseman and urges people to live a life full of consideration. This shows that one should not disregard the fact that a wise man's scholarship and life can contribute to the politics of the real world, even if the wise one chooses to lead a life of seclusion; even when the wise man enters the word of politics, his behavior and traits must not deviate from the calm course of self-cultivation in nature. The structure of Eonji[言志] and its different phases comprising nature, scholarship, and education deal with the following matters: "the meaning of retirement into nature (1stphase)," "nature+the practice of scholarship (2ndphase)," "scholarship+the practice of education (3rdphase)," "nature+the stance of scholarship (4thphase)," "scholarship+the stance of education (5thphase)," and "the beauty of nature+idea of scholarship and education (6thphase)."

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-44
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• 2018

The Buma Uprising, which took place in Busan and Masan from 16 to 20 October 1979, was a challenge against the contradictions of the Yushin Regime. Only after 6 days from the insurrection, the 10 26 Accident transpired, in which the then president Park Chung-hee was assassinated, and the Buma Uprising, which acted as the fuse to the shooting, remained as an 'incomplete uprising'. To commensurate with the subject of the paper 'The Truth about Buma Uprising and Historical Reflection', the purpose of this study is to explore how the uprising began, unfolded, and oppressed by comparing it with Busan Uprising and Masan Uprising. It also focuses to discuss, in detail, the effect of the demonstration by college students and the general public and suppression by the forces of the police and military on President Park and his government. This year, we celebrate the 39th anniversary of Buma Uprising, and with all the issues of discovering the truth, restoration of reputation and more, there are decisions and resolves to make including amendment of the legal system. However, there are certain groups of people who act as they led the uprising and mislead and exploit the facts of the events through illegitimate records and testimony, making it impossible to determine the truth. Discovering the truth will require acquisition of objective materials, testimony of those involved in the event and field research as well as imposition of legal and social punishment on those who distorted the truth about the event.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.54
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• pp.249-287
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• 2017

This study discusses the theoretical analysis of the concept of social memory and participatory digital archives, and argues the various problems of participatory digital archives based on the analysis of individual experiences and perceptions through interviews with stakeholders including users and operators. As a theoretical study, it analyzes related precedent studies and explores the complementary concepts of social memory and participatory digital archives. Based on the discussion, the study understands social memory as a defined and generated memory through the interaction of the social environment encompassing politics, socio-culture and the internal relations of the community. Furthermore, it understands the participatory digital archive as a digital space in which the community, the voluntary participation of users, and the support of professional groups intertwine. The memories and records of this interaction are then stored, preserved, shared, spread, and reproduced. Through stakeholder interviews, the study analyzes the perceptions of users and operators regarding participation, policy, and service, and identified the various problems with participatory digital archives.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.43
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• pp.9-32
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• 2014

Until now, the studies researching the Taoism theories of Joseon Dynasty have mainly dealt around the latter half of Joseon Dynasty. The reason for that was because the 5 cribs of a book Lao Tzu and the 2 crib of a book Changzi were produced after the Imjin-Year Korean-Japanese War(壬辰倭亂,Imjin Waeran). Therefore this thesis extracted the mentions about Taoism from about 200-year history records from Jeong Do-Jeon's Theory, which was the theoretical foundation for early days of Joseon's foundation and the history book King Taejong's Annals(太宗實錄) contained in The Annals of Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實 錄) and analyzed the extracted historic data as the first work contemplating how the Taoism theories were developed during the first half of Joseon Dynasty. From the analysis, this study drew out the findings as follows. Jeong Do-Jeon and Gwon Geun sharply criticized the Taoism for that it pursued for the techniques of longevity for oneself without moral. They tried to establish the identity of neo-Confucianism on the foundation criticizing the Taoism and the Buddhism. Since then, the Taoism was transformed through the 3 stages in The Annals of Joseon Dynasty. The first stage was the stage transformed 'Lao Tzu' as the witchcraft master of long-live, the technique of the taoist hermit and the super god in Taoism, and regarded the Taoism as heresy and excluded the Taoism. Second stage was the stage trying to see the book Lao Tzu as the core of Taoism theory separately from the 'Hermit Witchcraft' and the 'Taoist gods' the target of fortune-pursue religion beyond from the primary discussion of exclusion. Third stage was revealed as the respects on the art of politics and the art of living described in the book Lao Tzu. That is, the Taoism theories in the first half of Joseon Dynasty was developed with various spectrums from the early days of Joseon's foundation to 15~16 centuries beyond Joseon's strong suppression against the Taoism and the Buddhism in early days. That is the point that the Taoism in the first half of Joseon Dynasty can't be simply interpreted in the neo-Confucianism. During the firs half of Joseon Dynasty, the warm attitude toward the Taoism was created differently from the attitude against suppressing it as a cult, which had been created in the early days of Josen's foundation, and there appeared the changes accepting the art of living and the art of politics theoretically integrating with the Confucianism theories. That is, the book 'Lao Tus' became accepted as the Confucian country's arts of living and politics from a cult book pursuing for immoral log and immortal life. Such acception is revealed as the appearance actively interpreting the books about Laoism in the latter half o Joseon Dynasty.