• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to set desirable directions for Korea's egg industry by comparing and analyzing the egg distribution structure and policies between Korea and other countries. Research design, data and methodology: We analyzed the current state of egg distribution in Korea, and based on this analysis, we derived problems. In addition, by comprehensively analyzing the egg distribution structure and policy issues in the US, EU, and Japan. Results: As a result of the analysis of the egg distribution status and policy in the country to be analyzed, it was found that for the development of the egg industry in Korea, it is necessary to unify the distribution system for transparent and stable management of the egg distribution process. It was found that detailed and clear information creation and management of egg production and distribution processes were required. Conclusions: We need to establish a regional egg distribution facility base and stipulate that eggs produced in Korea must be compulsorily traded through the regional facility base. Seemingly, scaling-up of the industry is the priority, but the government is promoting various policies to expand small and medium-sized egg joint markets, with limitations in improving the problems of the existing egg distribution structure.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.176-191
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• 2023

Purpose - When recovered through arbitration a contractual penalty that is disproportionately high can become grounds for challenging an arbitral award or an obstacle to its enforcement within Russian jurisdiction. This article investigates how violation of the principle of proportionality can affect the enforcement and challenging of arbitral awards in Russia. Based on the examination of the current legislation, along with the analysis of recent court cases on the subject, the ultimate object of this article is to discern practical recommendations for Korean practitioners who are looking to challenge and/or enforce arbitral awards in Russian courts. Design/methodology - The research process included the reviewing of current Russian legislation conducted in concurrence with academic literature review, searching and analyzing recent court cases where the relevant legal provisions and concepts were applied, and formulating practical implications of the research at its final stage. Findings - Through its relation to the principle of fairness/justice the authors establish the connection between the principle of proportionality and the public policy of Russia. Analysis of recent court cases showed two conflicting trends of whether a disproportionate penalty can be considered a public policy violation. The authors offer practical recommendations on how to substantiate a relevant claim regarding contractual penalty reduction by the court, depending on the desired outcome. Originality/value - The article contains an up-to-date summary of the legal provisions on the principle of proportionality of civil liability in Russia and identifies the most recent trends in court practice on the issue that is not covered by existing studies.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose: As an important provision to protect the rights and interests of low-income groups, it is worth studying whether the minimum wage policy can improve the quality of life for people. Research design, data and methodology: Using data from the 2015 and 2017 China General Social Survey (CGSS), this paper employs the logit model to estimate the probability of an individual's annual income being higher than the per capita disposable income of their province. It also utilizes the DID model to analyze the impact of minimum wage increases on individuals' annual incomes. Results: The analysis reveals that an overall increase in the minimum wage raises the probability of an individual's annual income exceeding the per capita disposable income by 3%. Among them, the probability increased by 2.2% for males and by 3.2% for females. Furthermore, the impact of the minimum wage on annual income varies depending on the individual's income level. Notably, the most positive and significant impact is observed for individuals whose income level is close to the minimum wage standard. Conclusions: This provides evidence that the increase in the minimum wage has effectively improved the quality of life for the population.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.335-352
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• 2024

Purpose - Low fertility rate is a serious problem, and this study analyzes factors affecting total fertility rate using panel data from 16 metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea from 2000 to 2022. Design/methodology/approach - Estimating the SAR model considering the weak cross-sectional dependence that exists in variables related to the regional total fertility rate, and using the DKSE estimation method considering the strong cross-sectional dependence. Findings - Estimation results considering weak and strong cross-sectional dependence were similar, confirming the robustness of the results. Female labor force participation rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and employment rate has no effect. However, the interaction term is a negative (-) sign. Crude marriage rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and apartment price has a slightly positive effect. Environmental factor has no effect, and policy factor has a negative effect. Research implications or Originality - In order for an increase in the female labor force participation rate to lead to an increase in the total fertility rate, qualitative improvements in female employment must be made. Financial investment policies for childbirth must increase their effectiveness. The problem of low fertility rate requires not only population policy but also social, economic, cultural, environmental, and policy conditions to be considered.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2024

Purpose: Korea's construction industry has faced declining productivity and quality issues due to labor-intensive onsite construction and variables like weather, material price fluctuations, and labor shortages. The modular housing industry, introduced in Korea in 2003, offered benefits like reduced construction time and enhanced productivity through offsite manufacturing. However, its adoption remains limited due to high costs, quality concerns, and low consumer acceptance. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study explores the feasibility and impact of implementing smart factory technologies in the modular housing industry to overcome these barriers. Using survey data from 179 construction industry experts, the study employs frequency and regression analysis to identify key factors influencing the adoption of modular housing and the effectiveness of smart factories. Findings suggest that government-led educational programs and strong policy support are essential for successful implementation, enhancing productivity, reducing costs, and improving quality. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the need for standardization of modular housing, deregulation of relevant laws, and increased public awareness to stimulate market growth and innovation. Policy recommendations include financial support for modular manufacturers transitioning to smart factories, ensuring stable supply volumes, and promoting the benefits of modular housing to consumers. Integrating smart factory technologies can lead to significant advancements in the modular housing industry, contributing to the sustainable development and modernization of Korea's construction sector.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.119-124
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• 2006

Design-Build, one contractor is responsible for both the design and construction, has become more popular since the government framed the policy on how to activate the design-build projects in 1996. The reality is, however, there are many problems encounted on Contractor Selection Method for Public Design-Build Projects. The purpose of this paper is to improve the problems, no way to meet the goal(value) the owners expect from the design-build projects, for instance, not fully reflecting the characteristics of projects and owners intention, not systematical enough to judge if bidders could carry out the contract. This study will insist we introduce Best Value Procurement, which is being commonly used in some advanced countries recently, so that we would properly select the contractor suitable for Best Value concept which totally depends on the owners, types of work and specified conditions. Furthermore, by passing through the Two-Step Procedures following Pre-qualification in Best Value Procurement, we expect it lighten the bidders' burden for proposal and the owners' complicate bid administration.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.89-97
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• 2014

Recently design standard for energy-saving in apartment buildings has been consolidated gradually on the basis of evaluation and certification standards of energy efficiency of buildings, the energy-saving policy of building at home and abroad. Performance criteria for thennal insulation as well as fenestration has been progressively enhanced, and performance criteria for ventilation and airtightness of the building have also been re-developed. Therefore, heating and cooling load characteristics of the apartment building can be changed. For the design of the upcoming heating and cooling equipment in apartment buildings, it is necessary to evaluate the heating and cooling load characteristics according to the design strategies for energy saving in apartment buildings. As a result, in this study, it is intended to use as a resource for analyzing the impact that the adoption of energy-saving design variables for each of the apartment buildings, to predict the heating and cooling load characteristics in the apartment building.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.426-426
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• 1999

;There are many sources of uncertainty in a typical production and inventory system. There is uncertainty as to how many items customers will demand during the next day, week, month, or year. There is uncertainty about delivery times of the product. Uncertainty exacts a toll from management in a variety of ways. A spurt in a demand or a delay in production may lead to stockouts, with the potential for lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction. Firms typically hold inventory to provide protection against uncertainty. A cushion of inventory on hand allows management to face unexpected demands or delays in delivery with a reduced chance of incurring a stockout. The proposed strategies are used for the design of a probabilistic inventory system. In the traditional approach to the design of an inventory system, the goal is to find the best setting of various inventory control policy parameters such as the re-order level, review period, order quantity, etc. which would minimize the total inventory cost. The goals of the analysis need to be defined, so that robustness becomes an important design criterion. Moreover, one has to conceptualize and identify appropriate noise variables. There are two main goals for the inventory policy design. One is to minimize the average inventory cost and the stockouts. The other is to the variability for the average inventory cost and the stockouts The total average inventory cost is the sum of three components: the ordering cost, the holding cost, and the shortage costs. The shortage costs include the cost of the lost sales, cost of loss of goodwill, cost of customer dissatisfaction, etc. The noise factors for this design problem are identified to be: the mean demand rate and the mean lead time. Both the demand and the lead time are assumed to be normal random variables. Thus robustness for this inventory system is interpreted as insensitivity of the average inventory cost and the stockout to uncontrollable fluctuations in the mean demand rate and mean lead time. To make this inventory system for robustness, the concept of utility theory will be used. Utility theory is an analytical method for making a decision concerning an action to take, given a set of multiple criteria upon which the decision is to be based. Utility theory is appropriate for design having different scale such as demand rate and lead time since utility theory represents different scale across decision making attributes with zero to one ranks, higher preference modeled with a higher rank. Using utility theory, three design strategies, such as distance strategy, response strategy, and priority-based strategy. for the robust inventory system will be developed.loped.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.524-526
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• 1998

지금까지 방화벽 시스템에 대한 연구는 정보에 대한 접근을 최대한으로 제한하는 "기본 거부(Default Deny)"정책을 중심으로 연구되어 왔다. 그러나 대학 및 연구소와 같은 환경(이하 연구 환경)에서는 많은 연구 과제들이 동시에 수행되고, 또한 이러한 정보들이 외부와 공동으로 진행되는 경우에 정보를 공유할 뿐만 아니라 연구 결과를 외부에 공개할 필요성이 있다. 따라서 연구환경에 대한 보안정책은 기존의 기본 거부 정책보다는 정보에 대한 "개방성"이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 연구환경에서, 정보의 공유 및 공개를 위한"개방성"을 충족시키기 위하여 역할 기반 보안정책(Role-Based Security Policy)을 이용한 방화벽 시스템을 제안한다. 역할 기반 보안 정책을 적용함으로서 방화벽 시스템 내무 사용자에 대한 보안 정책 적용이 가능할 뿐만 아니라, 방화벽 시스템 운용시에도 사용자의 역할 할당 및 변경 등의 보안 정책 변경이 가능하다. 역할 할당 및 변경 등의 보안 정책 변경이 가능하다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2011

This paper introduces a Statecharts-based progressive behavior LOD model for computer games and virtual reality systems. In order to use computing resources efficiently and generate an LOD model having arbitrary complexity, we defined a progressive behavior LOD model which including a Statecharts-based specification process, refinement operations, a switching policy, and an LOD selection policy. Additionally, in order to show the possibility of the proposed approach, we demonstrate an example of progressive LOD models by illustrating a step-by-step design of a virtual vehicle.