• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.3-38
• /
• 2021

Does Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) exacerbate income inequality in South Korea? If so, does rising income inequality come for the sake of economic growth? This study explores the impact of FDI on income inequality and growth in South Korea. To this end, we collect data on FDI and income inequality/economic growth at both national and provincial levels and empirically test their relationships in South Korea. The empirical results confirm our expectation that FDI magnifies income inequality. Furthermore, we fail to find a positive relationship between FDI and economic growth, implying that income inequality as a consequence of FDI does not come for the sake of economic growth in Korea. Findings suggest that more systematic research and nuanced policy design is necessary to circumvent the mechanisms at play that link the surge of FDI inflows and the exponential expansion of economic inequality.

• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2018

The concept of soft power presents both theoretical and practical difficulties for researchers and policy makers. This essay examines the practical use of soft power and argues that soft power resources in education are important for attracting individuals to migrate between countries and assimilate to the new language and culture of the new location. Japan's attempts to utilize soft power resources in its educational system have provided mixed results dependent on the target population. Japan has successfully attracted individuals into fields related to higher education much more so than skilled labor programs. This essay discusses the importance of educational soft power resources in Japanese strategy to increase educated working population that is assimilated to Japanese language and culture. After reviewing the literature on soft power in Asia, and Japanese cultural integration policies, the essay examines three cases of Japanese educational soft power - the JET Programme, the caregiver-training program, and internationalization of university programs. In addition, the essay shows that Japan is more successful attracting higher educated individuals seeking higher paying employment rather than skilled labor through these programs.

• Analyses & Alternatives
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.135-157
• /
• 2019

The linkages between asset prices and macroeconomic outcomes are long-standing issue to both economists and monetary authorities. This paper explores the impact of asset prices on output and price in China. It focuses on the impacts of asset prices on the low quantiles of GDP gap and high quantiles of price gaprespectively. The main findings are the following: the influence of stock price gap, stock returns, and money growth on the different quantile of GDP gap and price gap are noticeable different, and there are significant impacts on the left tail of GDP gap distribution and on the right tail of price gap distribution. This implies that the results coming from simple regression will underestimate the economic risk imposed by asset price volatility. Moreover, these results also provide the caveat that one should cautiously distinguish the meaning of asset price gap and asset price growth rate and use them, through their contents are similar in some sense. One implication for monetarypolicy is that authority should interpret the relationship between asset prices and macro-economy in wider perspectives, and make the policy decision taking the impacts of asset prices on the tails of economy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.11-20
• /
• 2014

Recently K-POP's popularity and the success story of 'Psy' suggests that Korean Culture can get the possibility of entry into the global major market. Increasing the purchasing power of global contents distribution also shows that the delivery of cultural content can be a big business model to create economic benefits. However, for sustainable diffusion of Korean culture, we need efforts to expand the business scope to the global market like the establishment of global distribution platform. In this study, we investigated key factors for activating the global content distribution and then analyzed priority of importance of the factors to be utilized the strategic alternatives using AHP method. To ensure the reliability of the study, experts (30patients) who worked more than 10 years of relevant work were included as population of the questionnaire. The results of analysis, the relative importance of content aspects were higher than technical aspects and policy aspects. In the analysis of the importance of the second layer factors, the business models of policy aspects were analyzed as a factor of top priority, then high-quality content production was selected as an important factor of the next higher ranks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.212-220
• /
• 2021

National R&D investment has steadily increased, reaching number 5 in the world as of 2018. However, for public technology commercialization, the level of discovery of policy models through various cooperation initiatives between government ministries is insufficient, and the performance system that can spread technology commercialization is also limited. In this respect, in order to create results in public technology commercialization, it is necessary to prepare alternatives to strengthen multi-ministerial policy cooperation and increase policy execution power. In this paper, we analyzed the current state of national R&D projects by major ministries and suggested an optimized technology commercialization plan through analysis of the structure, budget, and form of each project. In particular, an alternative in terms of policy efficiency was suggested by analyzing the problems of policy discovery that have not been studied previously. This study is of great significance in that it diagnosed problems of public technology commercialization in terms of the lack of systematic research on public technology commercialization and suggested policy advancement for the spread of technology use and the strategic direction in terms of commercialization.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.3508-3517
• /
• 2013

District is not only a place that every urban activities are executing but also basic unit that are forming urban structure. Therefore this study tried to make land use-transportation model through analyzing $CO_2$ exhausting volumes by assuming 270 scenarios those are postulated various land use patterns and transport policies in District. As results, this study shows best District Unit Design technique is the policy that develop equally all blocks or only outer blocks and introduction of car free zone to inner 2 way streets. Most important policy in order to reduce $CO_2$ gas is to introduce Transportation Demand Management especially in case of hyper high density development. In case of low density development, policy of car free streets in 2 ways roads is efficiency for reducing $CO_2$ gas. And suggested land use-transportation model will be good for choosing alternatives those are able to reduce $CO_2$ in District Unit.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
• /
• 2003.02a
• /
• pp.155-172
• /
• 2003

Government Research Institutes(GRI), together with universities and private research labs, constitute the core of the Korea's national innovation system, The aim of this paper is to analyze the current system of GRIs and the National Research Councils(RC) in Korea, and suggest some policy recommendations conducive to achieving a world class competitive research system. To identify the problems and policy issues, we have conducted interviews (with executives staffs of RCs, GRIs and government ministries) and questionnaire surveys. For benchmarking purposes, we have visited 9 public research institutes in the USA, UK, Germany, and France. From the analysis of the problems revealed from the interviews and questionnaires, 6 policy variables are identified: three of them, which we call systemware variables, are governance structure, resources allocation system, and management control system; and the other three, which we call humanware variables, are visions and strategic goals, leadership, and research manpower, respectively. We have found that 1;he current GRI/RC systems are inefficient mainly due to the rigid and bureaucratic governance structure and inconsistent resource (i.e., government budgets) allocation systems. We reject the idea of replacing the current RC system with such radical alternatives as 're-governmentization'or 'privatization'. Instead we recommend that the government introduce a better system of governance and national budget allocations, which in turn would help induce a better management control systems, clear research visions and goals, strong leadership on the part of the RC chairman, and more creative and motivated researchers. These recommendations may provide opportunities and rooms for chairmen of RCs and presidents of GRIs to exercise more positive leadership in terms of fitting the visions and goal of GRIs to the national R&D strategy and creating a rational management control system as well as motivating researchers in GRIs to be more creative and productive.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2007

The introduction of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) has strengthened and extended the value of environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a foundational tool for sustainable development. In particular, SEA helps to overcome the limitation of project EIA as a 'stand alone' approach, applied relatively late in the decision making cycle. SEA is applied to policy, plan and programme (3P) proposals, when major alternatives are open and systematic consideration can be given to their environmental effects. This process also corresponds to options appraisal of development proposal to find the best practical outcome having regard to all potential impacts. There are imperatives for sustainable development (SD) that are shaping future directions for EIA and SEA internationally, regionally and locally. There is a shift toward more integrative approaches of using EIA and SEA as sustainability tools in cooperated environmental management system (EMS). Korea has established and applied EIA for over twenty years for various projects. Given its coverage, the current EIA system is SEA exclusive. The Prior Environmental Review System (PERS), which is a SEA-type of system, was applied in the late 1990s, mainly for various developing planning programs. The current PERS has been modified as a SEA type system, but in general, policy is not going to be covered.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.561-571
• /
• 2005

To introduce an emissions trading system for GHG that currently have no reduction requirements, the following should be considered as priorities: eliciting the participation of the industrial sector and linking GHG emission trading systems to the emissions trading system (implemented from July 2007) that has become part of national policy with the enactment of the Special Act. Two directions can serve as viable alternatives in that regard. One is a baseline-and-credit method based on incentive auctioning. This has the advantage of inducing participation through economic incentives without a reductions commitment. The downside of this method is that it requires vast investments, as well as the fact that reaching an agreement between participants and the government to decide an objective baseline is difficult. On the other hand, the cap-and-trade method set forth in the Special Act is attractive in that it can be integrated with the air pollutant emissions trading system, but it would be difficult to elicit the participation of the industrial sector in the absence of GHG emission reduction requirements. In the current situation, it would be preferable for the government to induce the participation of the industrial sector by devising a wide variety of incentives because taking part in the emissions trading system before reducing GHG emissions offers large incentives through learning by doing. The timing of GHG reduction commitments and emissions trading system implementation may be uncertain but their Implementation will be unavoidable. Thus the government needs to facilitate preparations for emissions trading of GHG in the future and continuously review its operation in integration with the air pollutant emissions trading system to maximize adaptation and teaming by doing effect in the industrial sector.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.211-235
• /
• 2010

According to the commercial law in Korea, a marine cargo insurance contractor (policyholder, insured person, agent) has the duty to disclose risks before establishing an insurance contract and the obligation to notify changes in risks after before establishing the contract. Marine cargo insurance policy clauses include one about the obligation to notify changes in risks. This clause assumes that an insurance contract should be implemented according to what has been answered to the important questions asked by the insurer in connection with the insurant's duty to disclose before establishing an insurance contract, and it stipulates that, if any change in what has been disclosed should be notified to the insurer since it is regarded as a change in risks. Neglecting the obligation to notify may lead to the termination of the appropriate insurance contract by the insurer. The problems here concern the clauses about changes in risks and about the obligation to notify. The problems are like these. Can it be that the circumstances which might be seen in the past as changes in risks according to the territorial sea laws and institute cargo clauses stipulated long ago are considered as such still today? And a marine cargo insurance policy till valid when changes in risks have not been properly notified by the original discloser of risks to the insured who currently holds the marine cargo insurance policy, which, unlike other insurance policies, is a marketable security? In Korea, the commercial law has a clause the obligation to notify changes in risks established based on the territorial sea laws and institute cargo clauses. In this regard, this study aims to consider if the clause still valid today or not and, if not, to propose alternatives to the clauses.