• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.102-117
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• 2021

This study analyzed the learning characteristics of polar education programs operated by polar research institutes in domestic and foreign countries and aims to provide directions for improving domestic polar education programs. Using the database provided by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 120 programs from 16 research institutes in 9nine countries were selected. Each program was analyzed based on educational level, instructor, education period, learning place, learning environment, learning content, and learning method. Significant differences in domestic and foreign programs in terms of instructors, operational methods, educational places, and learning methods were found. Based on these findings, we discuss the direction for improving domestic polar education by expanding the base of polar education, diversifying the learning methods, and systematizing polar education using examples of actual programs. Based on the scientific, social, economic, and cultural values and importance of the polar region, this study presents specific directions to further spread and sustain polar education and culture in Korea.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.22.1-22.1
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• 2011

Two dominant components of polar motion are the Chandler and the annual components. Recently, the existence of 500-day period component in the Earth's polar motion has been manifested. But its existence is not clear on Fourier spectrum. One cause of difficulty involved here is that the amplitudes of the two main components are slightly variable in time by certain amounts (Chandler: 0.15~0.28 arcsec, annual: 0.09~0.15 arcsec). A residual polar motion time series excluding the two main components for a time span between 1962 Jan and 2010 Nov from IERS C04 time series dataset was constructed by least square fitting. For faithful fitting, 43 time segments of 6.8 year length (each starts on January 1st of successive years) were separately acquired and later combined together. The period of dominant peak in the spectrum of this residual polar motion time series is 490 days. Next peaks have their periods as semi-annual, 300~330 days, ~560 days, 670 days, and 1360 days.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.9
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• 2019

The chinstrap (Pygoscelis antarcticus) and gentoo (P. papua) penguins are distributed throughout Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. In this study, high-quality de novo assemblies of blood transcriptomes from these penguins were generated using the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 22.2 and 21.8 raw reads were obtained from chinstrap and gentoo penguins, respectively. These reads were assembled using the Oases assembly platform and resulted in 26,036 and 21,854 contigs with N50 values of 929 and 933 base pairs, respectively. Functional gene annotations through pathway analyses of the Gene Ontology, EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases were performed for each blood transcriptome, resulting in a similar compositional order between the two transcriptomes. Ortholog comparisons with previously published transcriptomes from the $Ad{\acute{e}}lie$ (P. adeliae) and emperor (Aptenodytes forsteri) penguins revealed that a high proportion of the four penguins' transcriptomes had significant sequence homology. Because blood and tissues of penguins have been used to monitor pollution in Antarctica, immune parameters in blood could be important indicators for understanding the health status of penguins and other Antarctic animals. In the blood transcriptomes, KEGG analyses detected many essential genes involved in the major innate immunity pathways, which are key metabolic pathways for maintaining homeostasis against exogenous infections or toxins. Blood transcriptome studies such as this may be useful for checking the immune and health status of penguins without sacrifice.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.74-85
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• 2022

Organisms constituting a large proportion of marine ecosystems, ranging from bacteria to fish, exhibit fluorescence and bioluminescence. A variety of marine organisms utilize these biochemically generated light sources for feeding, reproduction, communication, and defense. Since the discovery of green fluorescent protein and the luciferin-luciferase system more than a century ago, numerous studies have been conducted to characterize their function and regulatory mechanism. The unique properties of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins offer great potential for their use in a broad range of applications. This short review briefly describes the functions and characteristics of fluorescent and bioluminescent proteins, in addition to summarizing the recent status of their applications.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2024

In this paper, polar converting logic of bank-to-turn with skidding is provided for small size UAV. In general, original polar converting logic has problems of singularity, safety and flight data analysis when acceleration commands diverge at the end of terminal guidance. To solve those problems, new methodology of polar converting logic of bank-to-turn with skidding is presented. It can easily solve singularity problem, increase safety and provide intuition of data analysis. Simulation and flight results are presented to verify proposed polar converting logic for bank-to-turn with skidding method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

The goal of this study is to develop a hands-on type polar field trip program to inform the importance of the recent polar research and to contribute to the spread of polar science culture. For this purpose, the direction of program development and field trip course were established based on the current Korea Polar Research Institute tour program and research exhibition facilities analysis. Based on this, a total of 6 types field trip programs were developed, including one basic tour program and one optional experience program for the overall introduction of polar research institutes and polar science fields, and four optional experience programs for each education participant that enables field trips and professional experiential learning activities by polar science field. The developed program was revised and supplemented through a total of two trials, and a field trip program manual was produced, including guidance scripts, experience kits, activity sites, and instructor guides for each field trip. At the end, a follow-up study was proposed based on the significance and research results of the developed program.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.567-581
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• 2014

Over the years, there has been much research conducted on quadratic curves and the set of points with the generalized notion of eccentricity in a plane with metrics such as taxicab distance or Chinese-checker distance. On the other hand, polar taxicab distance has been newly proposed on the polar coordinate system, a type of curvilinear coordinate system, to overcome the limitation of pre-existing metrics in terms of describing curved routes. Previous study has looked into the fundamental properties of this metric. From this point of view, we study the quadratic curves and the set of points with the generalized notion of eccentricity in a plane with polar taxicab distance.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2005

We isolated and identified three protease-producing bacteria that had inhabited the region around the Korean Arctic Research Station Dasan located at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Norway $(79^{\circ}N,\;12^{\circ}E)$. Biofilms were collected from the surface of a floating pier and from dead brown algae in a tide pool near the seashore. The biofilm samples were transported to the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) under frozen conditions, diluted in sterilized seawater, and cultured on Zobell agar plates with 1% skim milk at $10^{\circ}C$. Three clear zone forming colonies were selected as protease-producing bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that these three stains shared high sequence similarities with Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii, Exiguobacterium oxidotofewm Pseudomonas jessenii, respectively. We expect these Arctic bacteria may be used to develop new varieties of protease that are active at low temperatures.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.209-223
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a polar literacy education program for elementary and middle school students, and to derive implications for new education to respond to climate change. We developed modular education programs based on the seven principles of polar literacy established by the Polar-ICE team. We divided them into two courses, one emphasizing science concepts and another emphasizing humanities and sociological issues. We then selected and structured detailed programs suitable for the two courses. These two courses were applied to 26 elementary and middle school students for approximately 69 hours in a Saturday science class hosted by the Department of Science Education at a university in Seoul. The 26 students were divided into three groups. Two groups completed the science education program for polar literacy and a humanities and social studies education program for polar literacy, respectively. The third group, the control group, received general science education unrelated to polar literacy. Before and after running the programs, all three groups responded to a polar literacy test and questionnaires that used vocabulary and presented scenes associated with polar regions. The test results were expressed using Wilcoxon signed ranks, which is a non-parametric test method, and improvements made upon completion of the program were analyzed. From a cognitive aspect, all three groups showed improvement after completing the program in the knowledge area; however, the experimental groups showed a greater degree of improvement than the control group, and there was a clear difference in the contents or materials explicitly covered. From an affective aspect, the difference between before and after the program was minor, but the group that focused on humanities and social issues showed a statistically significant improvement. Regarding changes in polar imagery, the two experimental groups tended to diverge from monotonous images to more diverse images compared to the control group. Based on the above results, we suggested methods to increase the effectiveness of polar literacy education programs, the importance of polar literacy as appropriate material for scientific thinking and earth system education, measures to improve attitudes related to the polar region, and the need to link to school curriculums.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.101.2-101.2
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• 2011

We have developed solar and space weather monitoring system for space weather users since 2007 as a project named 'Construction of Korea Space Weather Prediction Center'. In this presentation we will introduce space weather monitoring system for Geostationary Satellites and Polar Routes. These were developed for satisfying demands of space weather user groups. 'Space Weather Monitoring System for Geostationary Satellites' displays integrated space weather information on geostationary orbit such as magnetopause location, nowcast and forecast of space weather, cosmic ray count rate, number of meteors and x-ray solar flux. This system is developed for space weather customers who are managing satellite systems or using satellite information. In addition, this system provides space weather warning by SMS in which short message is delivered to users' cell phones when space weather parameters reach a critical value. 'Space Weather Monitoring System for Polar Routes' was developed for the commercial airline companies operating polar routes. This provides D-region and polar cap absorption map, aurora and radiation particle distribution, nowcast and forecast of space weather, proton flux, Kp index and so on.