• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.257-260
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• 1997

This paper designs the optimal PID controller for load frequency control on 2-area power system. Genetic algorithm is utilized to optimize parameters of PID controller which is applied to power system. Using two-point crossover, uniform crossover and one-point crossover, Search performance of genetic algorithm with each crossover method is considered. In case of load variation in 1-area, the dynamic characteristic of power system is considered. The simulation results show that the proposed PID controller is better control performance than PID controller using Ziegler-Nichols method.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1990

The distances from the center line between maxillary right and left central incisors(the dental midline) to the various anatomical landmarks were measured. Fifty five students(thirth four males and twenty one females) who have at least natural teeth including maxillary and mandibular incisors and bicuspids were examined. 1. There was statistically significant difference between the dental midline and the center line of maxillary labial frenum(p<0.05). 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the dental midline and the point of incisive papilla, philtrum line, the center line between two mandibular central incisors, and the median palatine suture line(p>0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant sexual difference among data. 4. The philtrum line showed the highest value of correspondence to the center line between two maxillary central incisors followed by the center point of incisive papilla, the center line of two mandibular central incisors, median plaltine suture line and the center line of maxillary labial frenum at the decreasing rate.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between hope, health locus of control and general health of nursing students. The subjects of this study were 161 female students of National Nursing School in Seoul. Data was collected through a questionnaire from May 11 to May 23, 1998. The tools used for this study were Hope scale developed by Miller and Power, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale developed by Wallston and Wallston and General Health Scale(Modified Conel Medical Index) developed by Nam Ho Chang. Data were analysed in an the $SPSS/pc^+$ program using frequency for the demographic characteristics, 1-test and ANOVA for relationship between the variables and demographic characteristics and for it's differences of hope and general health control. Peason correlation coefficient for relationship between the 3 variables, hope, health locus of control, and general health. The results of this study were as follows ; The 1st hypothesis : that 'Between hope, health locus of control (HLC) and general health of nursing students will have positive relationship', was supported(=.2883, p=.000). The 2nd hypothesis; that 'The hope score of nursing students in HLC-internal group will be higher than others' was supported(F=5.22, p=.0063). The 3rd hypothesis ; that 'The general health of nursing students in HLC -internal group will be higher than others' was accepted(F=2.94, p=.0554). The 4th hypothesis ; that 'Hope, HLC and general health of nursing students according to demographic characteristics will be different ' was accepted in part. o In hope the more age, the higher score. o In HLC the group of non religious have higher score(t=-2.02, p=.045). o No experienced addmission was revealed HLC-internal group(t=-1.91, p=.058). o Non religious group has a tendency to dependent upon on powerful other person(t=-1.99, p=.049). o The hope score of nursing students was very high(4.49/6point). o The general health status of nursing students was vert good(92.88/114point). o Most of nursing students was in HLC-internal group(81.4%). o The most frequent complaints of nursing students was dizziness suddenly developed(68.4/114point), very nervous in small thing(67.83/114) and very nervous to others critics(68.4/114) in turn. In conclusion, the students who have high score of hope, in HLC-internal group have good general health. Hope inspiring not only makes one's good health but also makes others good health and powering hope. For good health person who are in HLC-internal group have powerful hope, keeping good health would be a good stretegy to change the student's HLC and make them good health and hope powering then it would be a good method to change the HLC to HLC-internal group.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

Improvement of Wireless internet and handheld devices makes it possible that users can use various multimedia services. But, access point devices are needed while using handheld devices, and those devices use virtual network address for networking. For that reason, end-users hardly use the 1:1 voice or video chat, and messenger service that require direct communications between devices. Also, service providers need central server for relaying packets from terminals to others, the traffic and costs of relaying go high, so real-time massive data transmission services are restrictively provided. In this study, we apply TCP/UDP hole punching technique to those applications. And we implement service that supports real-time multimedia direct transmission between equipments that use virtual network addresses.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2013

This study has been performed for 150 days from February 1 - June 31, 2012 aiming at analyzing biologically hazardous factors in order to develop HACCP system for the vinegared pickle radishes. A process chart was prepared as shown on Fig. 1 by referring to manufacturing process of manufacturer of general vinegared pickle radishes regarding process of raw agricultural products of vinegared pickle radishes, used water, warehousing of additives and packing material, storage, careful selection, washing, peeling off, cutting, sorting out, stuffing (filling), internal packing, metal detection, external packing, storage and consignment (delivery). As a result of measuring Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Yeast and Mold before and after washing raw radishes, Bacillus cereus was $5.00{\times}10$ CFU/g before washing but it was not detected after washing and Yeast and Mold was $3.80{\times}10^2$ CFU/g before washing but it was reduced to 10 CFU/g after washing and other pathogenic bacteria was not detected. As a result of testing microorganism variation depending on pH (2-5) of seasoning fluid (condiment), pH 3-4 was determined as pH of seasoning fluid as all the bacteria was not detected in pH3-4. As a result of testing air-borne bacteria (number of general bacteria, colon bacillus, fungus) depending on each workplace, number of microorganism of internal packing room, seasoning fluid processing room, washing room and storage room was detected to be 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate and 20 CFU/Plate, respectively. As a result of testing palm condition of workers, as number of general bacteria and colon bacillus was represented to be high as 346 $CFU/Cm^2$ and 23 $CFU/Cm^2$, respectively, an education and training for individual sanitation control was considered to be required. As a result of inspecting surface pollution level of manufacturing facility and devices, colon bacillus was not detected in all the specimen but general bacteria was most dominantly detected in PP Packing machine and Siuping machine (PE Bulk) as $4.2{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, $2.6{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, respectively. As a result of analyzing above hazardous factors, processing process of seasoning fluid where pathogenic bacteria may be prevented, reduced or removed is required to be controlled by CCP-B (Biological) and threshold level (critical control point) was set at pH 3-4. Therefore, it is considered that thorough HACCP control plan including control criteria (point) of seasoning fluid processing process, countermeasures in case of its deviation, its verification method, education/training and record control would be required.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.295-345
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• 2003

This study investigated activation of cerebral cortex in patients with hemiplegia that was caused by neural damage. Key-point control movement therapy of Bobath was performed for 9 weeks in 3 subjects with hemiplegia and fMRI was used to compare and analyze activated degree of cerebral cortex in these subjects. fMRI was conducted using the blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD) technique at 3.0T MR scanner with a standard head coil. The motor activation task consisted of finger flexion-extension exercise in six cycles(one half-cycles = 8 scans = $3\;sec{\times}\;8\;=\;24\;sec$). Subjects performed this task according to visual stimulus that sign of right hand or left hand twinkled(500ms on, 500ms off). After mapping activation of cerebral motor cortex on hand motor function, below results were obtained. 1. Activation decreased in primary motor area, whereas it increased in supplementary motor area and visual association area(p<.001). 2. Activation was observed in bilateral medial frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus of left cerebrum, inferior frontal gyrus, inter-hemispheric, fusiform gyrus of right cerebrum, superior parietal lobule of parietal lobe and precuneus in subjedt 1, parahippocampal gyrus of limbic lobe and cingulate gyrus in subject 2, and inferior frontal gyrus of right frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule of left cerebrum in subject 3 (p<.001). 3. Activation cluster extended in declive of right cellebellum posterior lobe in subject 1, culmen of anterior lobe and declive of posterior lobe in subject 2, and dentate gyrus of anterior lobe, culmen and tuber of posterior lobe in subject 3 (p<.001). In conclusion, these data showed that Key-point control movement therapy of Bobath after stroke affect cerebral cortex activation by increasing efficiency of cortical networks. Therefore mapping of brain neural network activation is useful for plasticity and reorganization of cerebral cortex and cortico-spinal tract of motor recovery mechanisms after stroke.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-119
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• 2007

The survey on dental health condition and eating habit of local residents in Daegu and Kyungbuk had been conducted. Through the analysis of influence of dental health condition on eating habit I could get the following result. The number of subjects of survey is 630. The period of survey is from June 2006 to September 2006. 1. General quality of subjects is that forty-four point four percent of subjects are male and fiftyfive pointsix percent are female. The age of thirty point one percent of subjects is between 20 and 29. Fifty-six point two percent of subjects are married. Fifty-one point four percent of subjects have above bachelor degree. Monthly income of forty-four point eight percent of subjects is less than one million won. Twenty-four point four percent of subjects are students. Fifty-five point seven percent of subjects are living in big cities. 2. Forty-seven point seven percent of male and fifty-one point eight percent of female answered their subjective dental health condition is bad. Marital status, age and academic background have relationship with answer. Forty-three point nine percent of married subjects and forty-one point five percent of divorced or bereaved subjects said they have bad dental health condition. The older he is or the lower academic background he has subjects think they have bad dental health condition. Forty-seven point four percent of non-educated subjects answered their dental health condition is bad. Forty-six percent of self-employed subjects and subjects who live in the country have tendency to think their dental health condition is bad. 3. About eating habit knowledge, male's knowledge of 2.03$\pm$0.20 is lower than female's of 2.08$\pm$0.21. This shows there is statistically significant difference(p<0.01). 4. There is significant relationship between subjective dental health condition and health condition of subjective. This means subject who has better health condition has also better dental health condition(37.5%). About subjective dental health condition, subject who eats restoratives has worse dental health condition. This shows there is a relationship between dental health condition and eating restoratives(p=0.004) and subject who works out steadily has better dental condition. 5. About relation between dental health condition and eating habit, subject who eats vegetables has worse dental health condition by fifty point seven percent. As cross tabulation result, p-value is 0.002. In level of significance of 0.05, there is statistically significant difference in eating habit. 6. It seems that eating habit has an effect on marital status, age, academic background, income and also on dental prosthetic treatment situation. Many subjects think their dental health condition is bad. About eating habit, subjects who eat meat have better dental health condition. Subjects who drink green tea and fruit juice has better dental health condition than who drink coffee and Balanced diet is good for dental health condition. As eating habit is important for developing dental health, government should make a proper program. Dental health education program especially for elderly, low-eduacted, residents in the country and poor people should be developed. Government, dental health organization, dental health specialist, associated research institution and people work in the press should be concerned and devote to improve quality of life. Primary prevention education will help for dental health.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.112-118
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• 2012

In this study, physical properties of synthesized DE7-OSA82-AO and DEP52-OSA82-AOQ82 zwitterionic surfactants were measured such as critical micelle concentration, surface tension, interfacial tension, contact angle and viscosity. Phase behavior study was also performed. The dual function characteristics of a zwitterionic surfactant were investigated by determining an isoelectric point, which was attained using zeta potential measurements and QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) experiments. The isoelectric point of DE7-OSA82-AO surfactant determined by the zeta potential measurement and QCM experiment was about 7.2 and 7.4, respectively. On the other hand, the isoelectric point of DEP52-OSA82-AOQ82 surfactant determined by the zeta potential measurement and QCM experiment was about 10.9 and 11.0, respectively. The frictional property measured using an automated mildness tester showed that DE7-OSA82-AO surfactant can provide a good softening effect at an acidic or neutral condition. On the other hand, DEP52-OSA82-AOQ82 was found to provide a good softening effect to a fabric surface at a pH below its isoelectric point of 11.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.253-265
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the designs of the menu books as an important tool of marketing and then present its improvement strategies. For this, the investigator comparatively examined the current status of menu book designs of the restaurants in Incheon area with 295 managers and then analyzed menu book designs by its designers. Menu book designers were printing houses (42.0%), specialized business (31.9%) and managers/employees (26.1%). 51.5% of menu books were impossible to substitute partially. Even there were seasonal menus or event menus, 27.5% of them were impossible to replace menu books partially; therefore, it was impossible to take a prompt action for seasonal or event menus. The easiness of understanding the terminology in menu books was average $2.74{\pm}0.45$(3-point scale). The harmony of menu book design with restaurants was average $2.46{\pm}0.51$ (3-point scale). Comparing to the menu books designed in specialized business, the menu books designed in printing houses or by managers/employees were uniform in type sizes (p < 0.001), had no menu photos (p < 0.001) and explanations (p < 0.001), and did not classify menus by groups (p < 0.001) in general. In addition, profit-making menus were not properly emphasized (p < 0.001), thus making the design of menu books a little improper. Therefore, it is necessary to educate managers in the restaurants to understand the importance of menu books and thus improve it. In addition, by maintaining close communication with designers of menu books, managers in the restaurants must ensure for their menu books to be designed appropriately, thus making their menu books play the role of an important marketing tool.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2004

The purpose of this study were to determine the changes between pre, during, intermed, post of each two groups of 16 persons and to compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) at shenmen of auricular point on experimental pressure pain and tactile threshold measured at both ulnar styloid process and medial malleoli. Sixteen healthy adult men and women, aged 20 to 28 years, were assigned randomly to eight of one groups. Control group received TENS to exception of auricular point. Experimental group received TENS to shenmen of auricular point. Experimental pressure pain and tactile pain threshold at the both ulnar styloid process and medial malleoli was determined with algometer and von frey filament before 10 minute, during 10 minute, intermediate and post 30 min of treatment. In pressure pain and tactile threshold showed a statistically significant increase(p<0.05) ipsilateral and contralateral of treatment group. These results suggest that TENS at shenmen of auricular point has the capability to higher pressure pain and tactile threshold in whole body.