• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.128-142
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of self-efficacy, sick-role behavior and metabolic control in patients with diabetes and to identify the relationships among those variables. The subject of the study were composed of 204 NIDDM patients from 2 hospitals, who were visiting the outpatient clinic in Taegu. Data were collected from Sep. 18th to Oct. 5th, 1996. In data analysis, an SPSS/PC+ program was utilized for descriptives correlation, T-test, and ANOVA. The results are as follows. 1) The mean scores for self-efficacy were 65.74 (range 30.83-90.68), on a 100 point scale. 2) The mean scores for sick-role behavior were 3.36(range 1.80-4.67), on a 5 point scale. 3) The mean score for metabolic control was 7.63 (range 5.0-13.2). 4) Self-efficacy was significantly correlated with sick-role behavior(r=.3614, p<0.01) but there were no significant correlations with self-efficacy and metabolic control (r=-.1045, p>0.01), sick-role behavior and metabolic control (r= - .1288, p>0.01). 5) There were significant differences in self-efficacy according to sex(t=4.47, p=0.000) and education(F=8.27, p=0.000). 6) There were no significant differences in sick -role behavior according to demographic characteristics. 7) There were significant differences in metabolic control according to the duration of diagnosed diabetess(F=4.13, p=0.007) and complication (t=2.47, p=0.014). These results suggest that for improvement in sick-role behavior nursing intervention needs to be directed at promoting self-efficacy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2020

본 연구는 회복기 단계에 있는 뇌혈관 질환자를 대상으로 가상현실 콘텐츠를 활용한 인지재활프로그램의 임상적 적용 효과를 알아보았다. 연구방법은 회복기 단계의 뇌혈관 질환자 34명을 대상으로 대조군(16명)과 실험군(18명)으로 나눈 후에 가상현실 콘텐츠 기반의 인지재활프로그램을 적용한 후, 인지기능과 일상생활활동 능력, 상지기능에서의 효과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대조군에는 보편적인 재활치료 프로그램을 실시하고, 실험군에서는 보편적인 재활치료 프로그램과 가상현실 콘텐츠 기반의 인지재활프로그램을 제공하였다. 두 집단 모두 하루 2회(1회 30분씩)씩, 주 5회, 4주간(총 20회기) 실시하였다. 중재 결과, 두 집단 모두 일상생활활동 능력이 모두 유의미하게 향상되었지만(p<.05), 실험군에서의 변화량이 대조군보다 5점정도 더 향상되었다(p<.05). 인지기능에서도 실험군과 대조군이 유의미한 차이를 보였고(p<.05), 변화량에서 실험군이 대조군보다 2점정도의 변화 수치를 보였다(p<.05). 상지기능에서는 대조군과 실험군 간의 유의마한 차이는 없었고(p>.05), 전후 변화량을 비교한 결과 실험군이 대조군보다 0.7점정도 유의미한 변화폭을 보였다(p<.05). 가상현실 콘텐츠를 활용한 인지재활프로그램이 일반적인 재활치료 프로그램에 비해서 일상생활활동 능력과 인지기능에서의 유의미한 향상 폭의 차이가 있다는 것을 확인하는 연구였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness and the fluoride content of enamel and dentin around fluoride- or non fluoride-containing restorations. Forty extracted human teeth were used and prepared cervical cavities on proximal surface. Experimental teeth were divided into five groups . Group 1 : Prime & Bond NT and Z100, Group 2 Prime & Bond NT and F2000, Group 3 : Scotchbond Multi-purpose and Z100, Group 4 : Scothcbond Multi-purpose and F2000, Group 5 : Fuji II LC. The cavities were filled with dentin adhesives and restorative materials. After each tooth was bisected, one half was tested microharaness and the other half was analyzed the fluoride at the enamel and dentin by an EPMA-WDX device. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistical difference among the microhardness of enamel surface in all group. 2. The microhardness at dentin of $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and $20{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Grocup 4 was lower than that of normal dentin (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistical difference among the fluoride content of enamel surface in all group. 4. The fluoride content at the dentin of $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and 5 were higher than those at $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}{\;}and{\;}200{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and normal dentin (p<0.05). 5. At the dentin of $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point, Group 2 showed higher fluoride content than Group 1 and 3, and Group 5 showed higher fluoride content than other groups.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 1998

고분자 전해질 복합체 형성이 poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)(PNIPAAm) 공중합체의 저임계 용해온도 (lower critical solution temperature, LCST)에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm)와 acrylic acid (AAc)를 선택하여 온도 감응성과 pH 감응성을 동시에 지니는 pH/온도감응성 고분자를 합성하였다.합성된 고분자들을 FT-IR과 적정실험을 통해 확인하였다. 고분자전해질로서 poly(allylamine) (PAA)과 poly(L-lysine)(PLL)을 사용하여 pH 2로부터 12에 이르는 넓은 범위의 pH 영역에서 고분자전해질 복합체 형성이 pH/온도감응성 고분자의 LCST에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수용액상에서 poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc)중 PNIPAAm의 LCST는 cloud-point 측정 방법으로 결정하였다. 또한 역적정 실험을 통해 공중합체 중의 AAc 함량을 결정하고 AAc의 이온화 정도가 LCST에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수용액상에서 poly(NIPAAm-co-AAc) 중 PNIPAAm의 LCST는 pH, 고분자전해질의 존재 유무, AAc의 함량, 그리고 고분자 사슬에 존재하는 전하밀도 등에 큰 영향을 받았다. 고분자전해질 복합체는 PAAc의 pKa와 PAA또는 PLL의 pKb 사이인 중성영역에서 형성됐으며 PNIPAAm의 LCST에 미치는 PLL의 영향은 PAA에 비해 크게 나타났다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제4권9호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2015

IoT 기반 센서네트워크에서 사용자 또는 센서노드가 원하는 서비스에 접근하기 위해서는 기본적으로 서비스 탐색이 요구된다. 기존의 서비스 탐색 관련 연구는 중앙집중적인 Resource Directory(RD) 서버나 P2P 방식을 이용한다. 그러나 이러한 방식들은 point-of-failure나 서비스 탐색 메시지 플러딩(flooding)을 초래한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존의 CoAP 기반 서비스 탐색 방식에 Social Web of Things(SWoT) 개념을 접목함으로써 기존 방식의 단점을 극복하고 소셜 네트워크 서비스(SNS)를 바탕으로 키워드 기반 탐색과 위치 기반 탐색 등의 기능을 새롭게 추가하여 편의성을 제고하였다. 제안하는 SWoT 서비스 탐색 기술의 검증을 위해 테스트베드를 구축하여 시험하고 평가하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.769-780
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• 2018

This paper presents an analysis of the power gain under partial shading conditions (PSC) when the partial shade loss is being compensated in photovoltaic(PV) system. To analyze the power gain, our study divides the mismatch loss into partial shade loss and operating point loss. Partial shade loss is defined as the power difference between a normal string and a partially shaded string at the maximum power point (MPP). Operating point loss is defined as the power loss due to the operating point shift while following the MPP of the PV array. Partial shading in a PV system affects the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control by creating multiple MPPs, which causes mismatch losses. Several MPPT algorithms have been suggested to solve the multiple MPP problems. Among these, mismatch compensation algorithms require additional power to compensate for the mismatch loss; however, these algorithms do not consider the gain or loss between the input power required for compensation and the increased output power obtained after compensation. This paper analyzes the power gain resulting from the partial shade loss compensation under PSC, using the V-P curve of the PV system, and verifies that power gain existence by simulation and experiment.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

In order to increase the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic system, a new algorithm that can follow the maximum power point of the photovoltaic power generation system having nonlinear output characteristics is proposed. Conventional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms such as Perturbation and Observation (P&O) and InCond (Increment and Conductance) schemes can not find the global maximum power point at a plurality of pole points in the unmatched state of unbalanced PV modules. However, even if the global maximum power point is found at a plurality of pole points, the global maximum power that can not be the real maximum power by the photovoltaic generation system. In order to solve this problem, a few PV companies propose installing several small PV inverters instead of if big one. However, since this will require additional costs, we herein propose a Multi-MPPT system using individual 3-point MPPT to track true MPPT at a plurality of pole points in the unmatched state of unbalanced PV modules.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.245-250
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• 2004

The SBR(Sequencing Batch Reactor) process is ideally suited to treat high loading wastewater due to its high dilution rate. SBR operates by a cycle of periods consisting of filling, reacting, settling, decanting and idling. The react phases such as aeration or non-aeration, organic oxidation, nitrification, denitrification and other bio-logical reactions can be achieved in a reactor. Although the whole reactions can be achieved in a SBR with time distributing, it is hard to manage the SBR as a normal condition without recognizing a present state. The present state can be observed with nutrient sensors such as ${NH_{4}}^{+}-N$, ${NO_{2}}^{-}-N$, ${NO_{3}}^{-}-N} and ${PO_{4}}^{ 3-}-P.$ However, there is still a disadvantage to use the nutrient sensors because of their high expense and inconvenience to manage. Therefore, it is very useful to use common on-line sensors such as DO, ORP and pH, which are less expensive and more convient. Moreover, the present states and unexpected changes of SBR might be predicted by using of them. This study was conducted to get basic materials for making an inference of SBR process from ORP(oxidation reduction potential) of synthetic wastewater. The profiles of ORP, DO, and pH were under normal nitrification and denitrification were obtained to compare abnormal condition. And also, nitrite and nitrate accumulation were investigated during reaction of SBR. The bending point on ORP profile was not entirely in the low COD/NOx ratio condition. In this case, NOx was not entirely removed, and minimum ORP value was presented over -300mV. Under suitable COD/NOx ratio which complete denitrification was achieved, ORP bending point was observed and minimum ORP value was under -300m V. Under high COD/NOx ratio, ORP bending point was not detected at the first subcycle because of the fast denitrification and minimum ORP value was under -300mV at the time.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to investigate two-point discrimination(TPD) and related factors in rural community residents. Methods: The sample consisted of 68 people who have been living in rural community in June 2005 studied. TPD was measured from the tips of the thumb, index, middle, ring, and little finger of each hand with the TPD esthesiometer. The research was designed to be a cross-sectional measured study. SAS statistical software was used for the analysis. The characteristics of the study sample were described by mean and standard deviation(SD) for continuous variables and by frequency and percentage for categorical variables. The Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare TPD in gender and diabetes mellitus. A Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted for relationship among values of 5 fingers. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with TPD. Results: A total of 68 residents were measured, their average $age{\pm}SD$ was $54.2{\pm}23.2$ years(range: $12{\sim}88\;yr$). The mean TPD for 5 fingers tips in dominated side was 4.76mm(thumb 3.98mm, index 4.22mm, middle 4.79mm, ring 5.17mm, and little finger 5.65mm, respectively). 4.91mm for thumb finger of women was significantly higher than 3.54mm that of men's in difference between gender(p=.01l4), also women(4.39mm) was higher than men(3.71mm) in median nerver area(p=.0318). There was a statistically significant difference in age(p=.0022), which were under age of 20(3.36mm), 30 years(3.61mm), 40 years(5.38mm), 50 years(4.84mm), 60 years(5.28mm), 70 years(5.18mm), and over age of 80(5.29mm). Factors related to TPD of fiver fingers by multiple regressions were gender(${\beta}=.03$, p=.0001). Conclusions: Taken together, gender and age were significantly associated with TPD. We recommend that further research should measure TPD by using larger sample sizes and more sensitive measurement instruments.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권B호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2005

From 2000 to 2004, the research was carried out at Naerin-cheon and Inbook-cheon, the upper streams of Soyang Lake, to study the relationship between precipitation and eutrophication-causing water pollutants, BOD, T-N and T-P. During the five years, the amount of flowing water was measured, and the water quantity was examined under different precipitation levels. From the observation, outflow patterns of the water pollutants and changes in the water quality factors at the time of rainfall were clarified. In addition, estimation of the unit load was made for each stream; for Naerin-cheon at the time of rainfall, we estimated BOD to be $1,112kg/km^2/year$, T-N to be $2,077kg/km^2/year$, and T-P to be $223kg/km^2/year$; for Inbook-cheon at the time of rainfall, we estimated BOD to be $1,229kg/km^2/year$, T-N to be $1,565kg/km^2/year$, and T-P to be $255kg/km^2/year$. For the time of no rainfall different estimation was made; for Naerin-cheon, we estimated BOD to be $2,403g/km^2/day$, T-N to be $5,004g/km^2/day$, and T-P to be $53g/km^2/day$; and for Inbook-cheon, we estimated BOD to be $1,550g/km^2/day$, T-N to be $2,283g/km^2/day$, and T-P to be $42g/km^2/day$.