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Improvement of Pregnancy Rate by the Selection of Early Cleavage Embryos to 2-cell Stage in Human IVF (2세포기로의 조기난할 배아 선발을 이용한 체외수정술의 임신율 증가)

  • Park, Sea Hee;Joo, Bo Sun;Lee, Su Kyung;Kim, Kyung Sue;Moon, Hwa Sook
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2005

  • Objective: Evaluation of embryos using early cleavage to 2-cell stage has been proposed, but a critical time-point for selecting embryos is unclear. The aim of the present study is to provide a guideline including critical time-point in the selection of early cleaving embryo for the reduction of multiple pregnancies as well as the increase of pregnancy rate in human IVF. Methods: This prospective study was performed in 116 cycles from 85 patients who underwent conventional IVF or ICSI at the infertility clinic of Good Moonhwa Hospital from January 2002 to December 2003. Early cleavage (EC) of embryos to 2-cell stage was assessed at 25 h and 27 h postinsemination/microinjection. Embryos that had early cleaved at each time point were designated as EC-1 and EC-2, respectively, while others were designated as non-early cleavage (NEC). Results: At least one early cleavage embryo was observed in 54 (46.6%) for the EC-1 and 84 (72.4%) for the EC-2 of the 116 cycles assessed. Clinical pregnancy rates (PR) were significantly higher in the EC-1 group (66.7%) compared to the EC-2 group (53.6%) or the NEC group (31.2%) (p<0.05). Significant improvement of the pregnancy rate was found when at least two or more embryos were early cleaved at 25 h postinsemination or when the proportion of early cleavage embryo at 25 h postinsemination was higher than 20% (p<0.05). Conclusion: The critical time-point for the selection of early cleavage embryos with high implantation potential is more effective in 25 h postinsemination/microinjection compared to 27 h. The proportion as well as number of early cleavage embryos is also an important factor for the prediction of pregnancy outcome and the chance of multiple pregnancies. These results demonstrated that the evaluation of early cleavage embryos to 2-cell stage is an easy, simple, and objective method for the selection of good quality embryos suitable for embryo transfer.

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Comparison of the Ion Adsorption Method, Potentiometric Titraion and Backtitration Technique for Surface Charge measurement in Ultisol, Alfisol, and Inceptisol (Ultisol과 Alfisol 및 Inceptisol 토양에서 토양표면전하 측정에 사용된 이온흡착법, 전위차 적정법 및 역적정법간의 비교)

  • Lee, Sang-Eun;Neue, Heins Ulitz;Park, Jun-Kyu;Lim, Sookil H.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.160-171
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    • 1993

  • Surface charge characteristics of Ultisol(Luisiana soil from Philippines), Alfisol(Maahas soil from Philippines), and Inceptisol(Yongii soil from Korea) were studied by way of potentiometric titration, backtitration technique, and ion adsorption method(or CEC - AEC method). The PZNC(point of zero net charge) values determined by ion adsorption method were much lower than the natural pHs in all soils, indicating that all soil samples bore net negative surface charge. The PZSE (point of zero salt effect) values determined by potentiometric titration and backtitration technique were identical in Luisiana and Yongii soils but not in Maaghas soil. All soils showed higher PZSE values than PZNC values probably due to the influence of permanent negative charge. The permanent charge calculated by the theory of Uehara and Gillman (1980) occupied quite low portion of the CEC measured at pH 7 in all soils. Backtitration technique corrected errors of potentiometric titration at extreme pH. However, it still overestimate the surface charge compared with ion adsorption method. Therefore, the ion adsorption method was recommanded for the surface charge measurement of the usual soils which have high negative charge components.

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Estimation of Reliability of Real-time Control Parameters for Animal Wastewater Treatment Process and Establishment of an Index for Supplemental Carbon Source Addition (가축분뇨처리공정의 자동제어 인자 신뢰성 평가 및 적정 외부탄소원 공급량 지표 확립)

  • Pak, JaeIn;Ra, Jae In-
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.561-572
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    • 2008

  • Responses of real-time control parameters, such as ORP, DO and pH, to the conditions of biological animal wastewater treatment process were examined to evaluate the stability of real-time control using each parameter. Also an optimum index for supplemental carbon source addition based on NOx-N level was determined under a consideration of denitrification rate by endogenous respiration of microorganism and residual organic matter in liquor. Experiment was performed with lab-scale sequencing batch reactor(SBR) and working volume of the process was 45L. The distinctive nitrogen break point(NBP) on ORP-and DO-time profiles, which mean the termination of nitrification, started disappearing with the maintenance of low NH4-N loading rate. Also the NBP on ORP-and DO-time profiles was no longer observed when high NOx-N was loaded into the reactor, and the sensitivity of ORP became dull with the increase of NOx-N level. However, the distinctive NBP was constantly occurred on pH(mV)-time profile, maintaining unique profile patterns. This stable occurrence of NBP on pH(mV)-time profile was lasted even at very high NOx-N:NH4-N ratio(over 80:1) in reactor, and the specific point could be easily detected by tracking moving slope change(MSC) of the curve. Revelation of NBP on pH(mV)-time profile and recognition of the realtime control point using MSC were stable at a condition of over 300mg/L NOx-N level in reactor. The occurrence of distinctive NBP was persistent on pH(mV)-time profile even at a level of 10,000mg/L STOC(soluble total organic carbon) and the recognition of NBP was feasible by tracing MSC, but that point on ORP and DO-time profiles began to disappear with the increase of STOC level in reactor. The denitrfication rate by endogenous respiration and residual organic matter was about 0.4mg/L.hr., and it was found that 0.83 would be accepted as an index for supplemental carbon source addition when 0.1 of safety factor was applied.

  • https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2008.50.4.561 인용 PDF KSCI

CURVATURE TENSOR FIELDS ON HOMOGENEOUS SPACES

  • Park, Joon-Sik
    • Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.825-832
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    • 2011

  • In this paper, we make a minute and detailed proof of a part which is omitted in the process of obtaining the value of the curvature tensor for an invariant affine connection at the point {H} of a reductive homogeneous space G/H in the paper 'Invariant affine connections on homogeneous spaces' by K. Nomizu.

  • https://doi.org/10.14403/jcms.2011.24.4.18 인용 PDF KSCI