• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2010

Power quality mitigation devices play an important role in lots of industrial segments. Although there were many devices available in the market, the selection of an appropriate device specially for voltage sags and interruptions mitigation has been a challenge in the utility and customer for several years. It usually depends on technical and economic characteristics of the device. Nevertheless, most mitigation method is selected by rule of thumb or empirical method. In this paper, the life cycle cost analysis for the probabilistic risk assesment of voltage sag mitigation method is performed using either the deterministic or probabilistic approach. The difference between a deterministic and a probabilistic cost analysis approach is illustrated with five different case studies. This paper not only provides a comparison of life cycle costing of various devices but it also indirectly shows the possible savings due to the mitigation of voltage sags in the form of a project balance chart.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.62
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• pp.113-132
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• 2014

Judicial decisions make it clear that in all CIF, CFR and FOB contracts, incorporation of charter party into sale contracts is the only effective way for recovery of demurrage in the context of sale contracts. The case law would appear to clarify a number of important issues: The words of incorporation in the sale contract play a vital role in determining the extent of the influence of the charter party principles over the sale contract. Hence, unless it is expressly provided otherwise, the courts tend to apply the charter party principles to the incorporated charter party provisions to the extent that they make sense in the context of sale contract, and that they do not undermine the underlying foundations of international trade law. In this respect the courts also take into account the factual background of the case with a view to objectively ascertaining the intention of the parties. The law is, however, less clear on the effects of the incorporated charter party provisions in sale contracts. There is still no straightforward answer to the question of to what extent the charter party law is applied to the incorporated charter party provisions in the context of sale contracts. The case law on this matter merely provides piecemeal solutions, and it is not possible to extract a general rule which will help interpretation of those charter party provisions which have not yet been subject to litigation or arbitration. Therefore, it should be noted that the parties would prepare Incorporation Clause in their sale contracts in reliance of the rules to achieve the desired results.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.93-110
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• 2015

This study aimed at identifying user recognition of the types and causes of online game trolling through in-depth interview with users of . Online game trolling refers to anti-social behaviors to do acts provoking other users to anger intentionally so induce their actual reaction in online games. Types of online game trolling contained flaming, griefing, unskilled player and lack of understanding on user's rule. And users are recognizing as problems that anonymity is excessively high in the game, a single game has undue significance, team play is given too much emphasis in a situation lacking in social cohesivenessk as the structural causes of trolling in . Accordingly, in order to decrease online game trolling, it is urgent to improve the game-structured layer causing trolling rather than regulate trollers only.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.205-206
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• 2017

Casual games are often have simple rule and easy to play. Like Angry birds, players can sling a bird as a bomb to destroy target. But the film adaption encounters numerous questions. games in pursuit of strong sensed presence, pay attention to experience; film stress the integrity of the story, attaches great importance to plot. However, casual games don't have story and plot. This paper take angry birds as example, analyzes the difficulties and method of adaptation from leisure mobile games to films, summarizes the key successful elements of adaption, such as subdivided the target group, chose an appropriate genre, write a script follow the basic logic and frame of film, set contradiction, complicated the character and still contain key elements of the game, in order to provide new ideas in the future development of integration of game and movie industry.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.287-296
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• 2004

Recently, various location-based services are becoming very popular in mobile environments. In this paper, we propose a new concept of a frequent item set, called “associative class set”, for supporting the location-based service which uses a large quantity of a spatial database in mobile computing environments, and then present a new method for efficiently generating the associative class set. The associative class set is generated with considering the temporal relation of queries, the spatial distance of required objects, and access patterns of users. The result of our research can play a fundamental role in efficiently supporting location-based services and in overcoming the limitation of mobile environments. The associative class set can be applied by a recommendation system of a geographic information system in mobile computing environments, mobile advertisement, city development planning, and client cache police of mobile users.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

An analytical formulation and solution process for the buckling analysis of porous magneto-electro-elastic functionally graded (MEE-FG) beam via different thermal loadings and various boundary conditions is suggested in this paper. Magneto electro mechanical coupling properties of FGM beam are taken to vary via the thickness direction of beam. The rule of power-law is changed to consider inclusion of porosity according to even and uneven distribution. Pores possibly occur inside FGMs due the result of technical problems that lead to creation of micro-voids in these materials. Change in pores along the thickness direction stimulates the mechanical and physical properties. Four-variable tangential-exponential refined theory is employed to derive the governing equations and boundary conditions of porous FGM beam under magneto-electrical field via Hamilton's principle. An analytical model procedure is adopted to achieve the non-dimensional buckling load of porous FG beam exposed to magneto-electrical field with various boundary conditions. In order to evaluate the influence of thermal loadings, material graduation exponent, coefficient of porosity, porosity distribution, magnetic potential, electric voltage and boundary conditions on the critical buckling temperature of the beam made of magneto electro elastic FG materials with porosities a parametric study is presented. It is concluded that these parameters play remarkable roles on the buckling behavior of porous MEE-FG beam. The results for simpler states are proved for exactness with known data in the literature. The proposed numerical results can serve as benchmarks for future analyses of MEE-FG beam with porosity phases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2019

A four-variable shear deformation refined plate theory has been proposed for dynamic characteristics of smart plates made of porous magneto-electro-elastic functionally graded (MEE-FG) materials with various boundary conditions by using an analytical method. Magneto-electro-elastic properties of FGM plate are supposed to vary through the thickness direction and are estimated through the modified power-law rule in which the porosities with even and uneven type are approximated. Pores possibly occur inside functionally graded materials (FGMs) due the result of technical problems that lead to creation of micro-voids in these materials. The variation of pores along the thickness direction influences the mechanical properties. The governing differential equations and boundary conditions of embedded porous FGM plate under magneto-electrical field are derived through Hamilton's principle based on a four-variable tangential-exponential refined theory which avoids the use of shear correction factors. An analytical solution procedure is used to achieve the natural frequencies of embedded porous FG plate supposed to magneto-electrical field with various boundary condition. A parametric study is led to carry out the effects of material graduation exponent, coefficient of porosity, magnetic potential, electric voltage, elastic foundation parameters, various boundary conditions and plate side-to-thickness ratio on natural frequencies of the porous MEE-FG plate. It is concluded that these parameters play significant roles on the dynamic behavior of porous MEE-FG plates. Presented numerical results can serve as benchmarks for future analyses of MEE-FG plates with porosity phases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2013

The Xiaolan channel super large bridge is unique in style and with greatest span in the world with a total length of 7686.57 m. The main bridge with spans arranged as 100m+220m+100m is a combined structure composed of prestressed concrete V-shape rigid frame and concrete-filled steel tubular flexible arch. First of all, the author compiles APDL command flow program by using the unit birth-death technique and establishes simulation calculation model in the whole construction process. The creep characteristics of concrete are also taken into account. The force ratio of the suspender, arch and beam is discussed. The authors conduct studies on the three-plate webs's rule of shear stress distribution, the box girder's longitudinal bending normal stress on every construction stage, meanwhile the distribution law of longitudinal bending normal stress and transverse bending normal stress of completed bridge's box girder. Results show that, as a new combined bridge, it is featured by: Girder and arch resist forces together; Moment effects of the structure are mainly presented as compressed arch and tensioned girder; The bridge type brings the girder and arch on resisting forces into full play; Great in vertical stiffness and slender in appearance.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.281-301
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• 2017

In this disquisition, an exact solution method is developed for analyzing the vibration characteristics of magneto-electro-elastic functionally graded (MEE-FG) beams by considering porosity distribution and various boundary conditions via a four-variable shear deformation refined beam theory for the first time. Magneto-electroelastic properties of porous FG beam are supposed to vary through the thickness direction and are modeled via modified power-law rule which is formulated using the concept of even and uneven porosity distributions. Porosities possibly occurring inside functionally graded materials (FGMs) during fabrication because of technical problem that lead to creation micro-voids in FG materials. So, it is necessary to consider the effect of porosities on the vibration behavior of MEE-FG beam in the present study. The governing differential equations and related boundary conditions of porous MEE-FG beam subjected to physical field are derived by Hamilton's principle based on a four-variable tangential-exponential refined theory which avoids the use of shear correction factor. An analytical solution procedure is used to achieve the natural frequencies of porous-FG beam supposed to magneto-electrical field which satisfies various boundary conditions. A parametric study is led to carry out the effects of material graduation exponent, porosity parameter, external magnetic potential, external electric voltage, slenderness ratio and various boundary conditions on dimensionless frequencies of porous MEE-FG beam. It is concluded that these parameters play noticeable roles on the vibration behavior of MEE-FG beam with porosities. Presented numerical results can be applied as benchmarks for future design of MEE-FG structures with porosity phases.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.291-309
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• 2023

This paper addresses the finite element modeling of functionally graded porous (FGP) beams for free vibration and buckling behaviour cases. The formulated finite element is based on simple and efficient higher order shear deformation theory. The key feature of this formulation is that it deals with Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with only three unknowns without requiring any shear correction factor. In fact, the presented two-noded beam element has three degrees of freedom per node, and the discrete model guarantees the interelement continuity by using both C⁰ and C¹ continuities for the displacement field and its first derivative shape functions, respectively. The weak form of the governing equations is obtained from the Hamilton principle of FGP beams to generate the elementary stiffness, geometric, and mass matrices. By deploying the isoparametric coordinate system, the derived elementary matrices are computed using the Gauss quadrature rule. To overcome the shear-locking phenomenon, the reduced integration technique is used for the shear strain energy. Furthermore, the effect of porosity distribution patterns on the free vibration and buckling behaviours of porous functionally graded beams in various parameters is investigated. The obtained results extend and improve those predicted previously by alternative existing theories, in which significant parameters such as material distribution, geometrical configuration, boundary conditions, and porosity distributions are considered and discussed in detailed numerical comparisons. Determining the impacts of these parameters on natural frequencies and critical buckling loads play an essential role in the manufacturing process of such materials and their related mechanical modeling in aerospace, nuclear, civil, and other structures.