• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.658-666
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• 2014

This study aimed to evaluate urea excretion, nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis in lactating goats fed with diets containing different protein sources in the concentrate (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, aerial part of cassava hay and leucaena hay). Four Alpine goats whose mean body weight was $42.6{\pm}6.1kg$ at the beginning of the experiment, a mean lactation period of $94.0{\pm}9.0days$ and a production of $1.7{\pm}0.4kg$ of milk were distributed in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square with four periods of 15 days. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous, containing 103.0 g/kg of CP, 400 g/kg of Tifton 85 hay and 600 g/kg of concentrate. Diet containing cottonseed meal provided (p<0.05) increased excretion of urea and urea nitrogen in the urine (g/d and mg/kg of BW) when compared with leucaena hay. The diets affected the concentrations of urea nitrogen in plasma (p<0.05) and excretion of urea nitrogen in milk, being that soybean meal and cottonseed meal showed (p<0.05) higher than the average aerial part of the cassava hay. The use of diets with cottonseed meal as protein source in the concentrate in feeding of lactating goats provides greater nitrogen excretion in urine and negative nitrogen balance, while the concentrate with leucaena hay as a source of protein, provides greater ruminal microbial protein synthesis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2017

Objectives: Artemisiae Annuae Herba is the dried aerial part of Artemisia annua L. (AAL). In Oriental medicine, Artemisiae Annuae Herba (AAH) is traditionally used to treat fever. AAH clears summerheat or damp-Heat, clears deficiency fevers, cools the blood and stops bleeding, stops malarial disorders and relieves heat, clears liver heat and brightens the eyes. Recently, there were many studies about effects of AAH on anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hair growth and plasma lipid composition. So, we expected AAH has an availability that can effect on skin whitening and elasticity. Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the effects of AAH on skin whitening and elasticity in SK-MEL-2 cells. In this experiment, the effects of AAH on proliferation rates, melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activities and production levels of tyrosinase, MMP-1 and MMP-9 in vitro were examined. Results: AAH did not affect viability of SK-MEL-2 cells and inhibited melanin synthesis induced by ${\alpha}$-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) significantly. In addition, AAH also inhibited tyrosinase activity and lowered tyrosinase level in SK-MEL-2 cells. Finally, AAH inhibited productions of Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Conclusions: These data suggest that AAH can be used to treat patients with skin diseases such as freckled face and also used as skin whitening agent.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2018

현대양계산업은 육종, 영양, 관리기술의 향상에 힘입어 산란계의 생산성과 육계의 성장성이 크게 향상되었다. 이러한 닭의 생산성 향상을 뒷받침해 주기 위해서는 이들의 대사적 요구를 충족시킬 수 있는 건강한 간의 기능이 필요하다. 가금에서 지방산의 대부분은 간에서 생합성되며, 이는 간의 지방대사가 닭의 생육 및 산란능력 등에 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 간에서의 지방합성이 지방의 대사능력과 분비를 초과하게 되면 중성지방은 간에 축적되어 지방간(fatty liver)을 유발하기도 한다. 산란계의 경우 산란을 시작하게 되면 혈액 내 유리지방산, 지질 및 인지질 등이 급격히 증가한다. 산란계에서 산란율이 높은 닭은 난황합성이 활발하게 일어나기 때문에 지방간을 가지는 경우가 많으며, 심한 경우 간의 손상(liver-hemorrhage)에 의해 폐사로 이어질 수 있다. 따라서 닭의 간에서 지방합성과 합성된 지방의 분비와 이용은 건강한 닭의 성장과 생산성 향상에 주요한 열쇠로 판단되어 최근까지 연구된 닭의 지방대사와 지방간 억제 혹은 예방 등에 대하여 기술하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

As a one of unsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have multiple actions: as precursor of prostaglandins (PGs), steroid hormone synthesis and energy production in animal reproduction. PUFAs, which include omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), are derived from the diet and changed by diet, species, breed and season. The plasma membrane of spermatozoa in mammals contain various PUFAs. These composition of PUFAs regulate the membrane fluidity and cause lipid peroxidation via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Induced lipid peroxidation by ROS decreased viability and motility of spermatozoa, and it is reduced by addition of antioxidant and low concentration of PUFAs. Because oocytes of animal have a high lipid components, process of oocyte maturation and embryo development are influenced by PUFAs. In in vitro study, oocyte maturation, embryo development, intracellular cAMP and MAPK activity were increased by treatment of n-3 ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid (ALA) during maturation, whereas n-6 linoleic acid (LA) negatively influenced. Also, inhibition of fatty acid metabolism in oocyte influenced blastocyst formation of cattle. PGs are synthesized from PUFAs and various PUFAs influence PGs via regulation of PG-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS). Steroid hormone synthesis from cholesterol is regulated by expression of steroid acute regulator (StAR) protein and mRNA. Exogenous n-3 and n-6 PUFAs altered sex hormone in animal through stimulate or inhibit StAR activity. Because PUFAs altered PG and steroid hormone synthesis, follicular development was influenced by PUFAs. This effect of unsaturated fatty acid could provide information for improvement of reproductive ability in animals.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2004

The fractional synthesis rates(FSR) were measured with 2l-wk and 3l-wk-old broiler breeder pullets and hens to investigate the effect of sexual maturity on FSR. The FSR were obtained from chicken tissues and blood samples using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry(HPLC/MS). A L-l-13C, 15N -leucine saline solution was infused by bolus injection as a tracer into broiler breeder pullets in the experiment. A rapid HPLC/MS method was developed to measure the isotopic enrichments of leucine in plasma, tissue samples, and eggs. The enrichments of stable isotope leucine incorporated into protein and the enrichments of the stable isotope free leucine were measured in liver, breast muscle and blood samples. Two sets of experiments were conducted. In experiment one, 2l-wk-old, sexually immature broiler breeder pullets were divided into groups of three and blood samples were collected at 20 or 30 min intervals until 1.5 h from initial injection. The pullets were sacrificed in groups of three at varying time intervals for 7 h after injection. The liver, breast muscle and blood samples were removed for analysis. The FSR were estimated to be 8.7l%/day for liver, 4.06％/day for breast muscle, and 5.08％/day for blood samples in 30 minutes after injection from the enrichment ratios. In experiment two, sexually matured 3l-wk-old broiler breeder hens were assorted into groups of three and blood samples were obtained at 20 or 30 min intervals for 2 h. The FSR for blood samples were determined. The broiler breeder hens were sacrificed in groups of three at various time intervals until 7 h after injection and liver, breast muscle and blood samples were removed for analysis. The FSR were calculated to be 5.96％/day for liver. Eggs were collected from five chickens daily for 10 days after large bolus injection. The average of total enrichments of stable isotope in egg albumin was increased by 0.064% at 4 days after injection and was back to normal in 7 days.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.88.1-88.1
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• 2012

Silicon nanowires (SiNWs), due to their unusual quantum-confinement effects that lead to superior electrical and optical properties compared to those of the bulk silicon, have been widely researched as a potential building block in a variety of novel electronic devices. The conventional means for the synthesis of SiNWs has been the vapor-liquid-solid method using chemical vapor deposition; however, this method is time consuming, environmentally unfriendly, and do not support vertical growth. As an alternate, the electroless etching method has been proposed, which uses metal catalysts contained in aqueous hydrofluoric acids (HF) for vertically etching the bulk silicon substrate. This new method can support large-area growth in a short time, and vertically aligned SiNWs with high aspect ratio can be readily synthesized with excellent reproducibility. Nonetheless, there still are rooms for improvement such as the poor surface characteristics that lead to degradation in electrical performance, and non-uniformity of the diameter and shapes of the synthesized SiNWs. Here, we report a facile method of SiNWs synthesis having uniform sizes, diameters, and shapes, which may be other than just cylindrical shapes using a modified nanosphere lithography technique. The diameters of the polystyrene nanospheres can be adjustable through varying the time of O2 plasma treatment, which serve as a mask template for metal deposition on a silicon substrate. After the removal of the nanospheres, SiNWs having the exact same shape as the mask are synthesized using wet etching technique in a solution of HF, hydrogen peroxide, and deionized water. Different electrical and optical characteristics were obtained according to the shapes and sizes of the SiNWs, which implies that they can serve specific purposes according to their types.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2015

We report a synthesis of non-toxic InP nanocrystals using non-pyrolytic precursors instead of pyrolytic and unstable tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphine, a popular precursor for synthesis of InP nanocrystals. In this study, InP nanocrystals are successfully synthesized using hexaethyl phosphorous triamide (HPT) and the synthesized InP nanocrystals showed a broad and weak photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. As synthesized InP nanocrystals are subjected to further surface modification process to enhance their stability and photoluminescence. Surface modification of InP nanocrystals is done at $230^{\circ}C$ using 1-dodecanethiol, zinc acetate and fatty acid as sources of ZnS shell. After surface modification, the synthesized InP/ZnS nanocrystals show intense PL spectra centered at the emission wavelength 612 nm through 633 nm. The synthesized InP/ZnS core/shell structure is confirmed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). After surface modification, InP/ZnS nanocrystals having narrow particle size distribution are observed by Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope (FE-TEM). In contrast to uncapped InP nanocrystals, InP/ZnS nanocrystals treated with a newly developed surface modified procedure show highly enhanced PL spectra with quantum yield of 47%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.174-179
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• 2021

Recently, hybrid coal research is underway to upgrade low-grade coal. The hybrid coal is made by mixing low-grade coal with bioliquids such as molasses, sugar cane, and lignin. In the case of lignin used here, a large amount of lignin is included in the wastewater of the papermaking process, and thus, research on hybrid coal production using the same is attracting attention. However, since a large amount of metal ions are contained in the lignin wastewater from the papermaking process, substances that corrode the generator are generated during combustion, and the amount of fly ash is increased. To solve this problem, it is essential to remove metal ions in the lignin wastewater. In this study, metal ions were removed by ion exchange with a alumina hollow fiber membrane coated with K-Phillipsite (K-PHI) zeolite. The alumina hollow fiber membrane used as the support was prepared by the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method, and K-PHI seeds were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. The prepared K-PHI seed was seeded on the surface of the support and coated by secondary growth hydrothermal synthesis. The characteristic of prepared coating membrane was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), and the concentration of metal ions before and after ion exchange was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The extraction amount of K+ is 86 mg/kg, and the extraction amount of Na+ is 54.9 mg/kg. Therefore, K-PHI zeolite membrane has the potential to remove potassium and sodium ions from the solution and can be used in acidic lignin wastewater.

• 폴리머
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2008

단량체의 종류(MMA, EA, BA, St), 단량체의 중량비($80/20{\sim}20/80$) 등을 변화시켜 core shell 바인더를 제조하구 여기에 플라즈마 처리하여 물성을 향상시켰다. 각 소재별로 플라즈마 처리시간($1{\sim}10\;s$)을 변화시켜 인장강도, 접촉각 및 접착박리강도를 측정하여 최적의 core shell 바인더의 표면처리 조건을 산출하였다. 중합에서는 바인더의 종류와 조성에 관계없이 개시제는 APS, 반응온도 $85^{\circ}C$에서 0.3 wt%의 유화제를 사용했을 때 가장 높은 전환율을 나타내었고, 중합체의 유리전이온도는 공중합체의 단일 전이 곡선에 비하여 core shell 바인더는 2개 이상의 전이 곡선을 얻었다. Core shell 바인더에 플라즈마 처리 전 후의 접촉각 변화는 PEA/PSt의 경우 5초 이내에 38%의 완만한 감소를 나타내었고, 처리하지 않은 경우는 감소율이 급격히 $0^{\circ}$에 도달하였다. 인장강도는 가장 높은 값을 가지는 PSt/PMMA의 경우 $46.71{\sim}46.27\;kg_f$/2.5 cm로 처리전 후 모두 근사한 값을 나타내었다. 접착박리강도는 PEA/PMMA의 경우 처리 전 $7.89\;kg_f$/2.5 cm에서 처리 후 $14.44\;kg_f$/2.5 cm로 약 2배 이상 증가하였다. 전체적으로 접착박리강도의 크기는 shell 단량체가 MMA인 core 단량체에 대하여 PEA>PBA>PSt의 순으로 되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2021

반도체 회로를 제조하기 위해서 에칭, 세척, 증착 등의 공정들이 반복적으로 진행된다. 따라서 이러한 공정이 진행되면 진공장비 내부는 부식성이 높은 가혹한 플라즈마 환경에 노출되게 된다. 따라서 반도체 공정 장비의 내부를 플라즈마 노출에 강한 재료를 사용하여 코팅층의 에칭과 오염 입자의 생성을 최소화하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 고상합성법에 의해 Y₂O₃와 YF₃ 분말을 원료물질로 옥시불화이트륨(YOF)를 성공적으로 합성하였다. Y₂O₃와 YF₃ 분말의 혼합비율은 1.0:1.0에서 1.0:1.6까지 조절하였으며, 혼합비율이 합성된 YOF 분말의 결정구조와 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 XRD와 FE-SEM으로 조사하였다. 합성된 YOF 분말을 이용하여 알루미늄 기판에 플라즈마 스프레이법으로 성공적으로 코팅하였다.