• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2018

We investigated tree composition, stand characteristics, biomass allocation pattern and carbon storage variability in Sal forests (Shorea robusta Garten.) under two forest management regimes (Sal forest and Sal plantation) in Tripura, Northeast India. The results revealed higher species richness (29 species), stand density of $1060.00{\pm}11.12stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($1.90{\pm}0.08$) in Sal forest. and lower species richness (4 species), stand density of $ 230.00{\pm}37.22stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($0.38{\pm}0.15$) in Sal plantation. The total basal cover $33.02{\pm}4.87m^2ha^{-1}$) and dominance ($0.76{\pm}0.08$) were found higher in Sal plantation than the Sal forest ($22.53{\pm}0.38m^2ha^{-1}$ and $0.23{\pm}0.02$ respectively). The total vegetation carbon density was recorded higher in Sal plantation ($219.68{\pm}19.65Mg\;ha^{-1}$) than the Sal forest ($167.64{\pm}16.73Mg\;ha^{-1}$). The carbon density estimates acquired in this study suggest that Sal plantation in Tripura has the potentiality to store a large amount of atmospheric carbon inspite of a very low species diversity. However, Sal forests has also an impending sink of carbon due to presence of large number of young trees.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

본 연구는 전라북도 남원시의 맞춤형 조림지도인 적지적수도를 제작하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 남원시에 분포하는 주요 수종별 지위지수 추정식을 개발하고, 수종별로 적지에 적합한 입지조건을 반영한 생육범위를 고려하여 각 수종의 적지분포를 공간적으로 평가하였다. 남원시에 분포하는 주요 8개 수종별 지위지수 추정식은 각각 4-5개의 환경인자 조합이 관여하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 전체 27개의 환경인자 중에서 15개가 수종별 지위지수 추정에 사용되었다. 특히 사면위치($X_7$)와 경사형태($X_8$), B층 건습도($X_{11}$), 연최저 기온($X_{15}$), 온량지수($X_{16}$) 비생장기간 5개월 동안의 총강수량($X_{23}$), 월평균 상대습도($X_{24}$), 그리고 생장기간 초기 3개월 동안의 월평균 상대습도($X_{25}$)가 수종별 지위지수 추정식에 많이 포함되는 것으로 판명되었다. 이상과 같은 방법으로 남원시의 적지적수도를 제작한 후, 적합성 검증을 위해 현지 확인 조사를 수행하였다. 현지 확인 결과 본 연구에서 제작한 적지적수도는 사용 가능한 자료의 한계에도 불구하고 수종별 적지분포를 비교적 무난하게 표현하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 하지만 부적지로 평가된 일부 지역의 경우 수정 및 보완이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2009

Organic carbon (OC) distribution in 32-year-old pitch pine plantation at Mt. Hotae in Kongju, Korea, was studied from August 2007 to July 2008. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil within 50cm depth were estimated. The density of P. rigida plantation was 3,200 trees/ha, average DBH was $18.7{\pm}5.53cm$ and average tree height was $11.1{\pm}1.85m$. Organic carbon stored in plant biomass, litterlayer on forest floor and soil in 2008 was 89.46 ton C/ha (46.09%), 4.32 ton C/ha (2.23%) and 100.32 ton C $ha^{-1}$ 50cm-$depth^{-1}$ (51.68%), respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was 2.21 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Total amount of OC stored in this P. rigida plantation was 194.1 ton C/ha. Net increase of OC in above- and below-ground biomass in this pitch pine plantation was 4.82 ton C $ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2007

본 연구는 낙엽활엽수림과 낙엽송 조림지에서 양분 유입의 차이를 알아보고자 강원도 평창군에 위치한 중왕산 지역에서 임내강우와 임외강우, 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입량과 토양수 내 양분 농도를 조사하였다. 조사 기간동안 연평균 강우 차단율은 낙엽활엽수림에서 12%, 낙엽송 조림지에서 36%로 낙엽송 조림지에서 높았다. 수관통과우 내 양이온 농도는 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 음이온 농도는 낙엽송 조림지에서 더 높았으며, 수간류에서는 $Cl^-$ 이온이 낙엽송 조림지에서 높았으며, 다른 이온은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수관통과우와 수간류에 의한 양분 유입량은 $Cl^-$ 이온을 제외한 다른 이온들의 유입량이 낙엽송 조림지보다 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 많았다. 토양수 내 이온 농도는 A층에서는 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$ 이온이, B층에서는 $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$ 이온이 낙엽송 조림지에서 다소 높았다. 연간 낙엽낙지량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 $2,589kg\;ha^{-1}$로, 낙엽송 조림지의 $1,046kg\;ha^{-1}$보다 많은 유입량을 보였다. 낙엽낙지내 이온 함유량은 N의 경우 낙엽송 조림지와 낙엽활엽수림에서 각각 1.6%와 1.1%로 낙엽송 조림지에서 더 높았으나, 양이온 함량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 높았다. 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분 유입량은 N의 경우, 낙엽활엽수림에서 $36.81kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, 낙엽송 조림지에서 $16.16kg\;ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$였으며, 양이온의 유입량 역시 낙엽활엽수림에서 많았다. 이를 종합해 볼 때, 본 연구에서 수관통과우와 수간류 및 낙엽낙지에 의한 양분유입량은 낙엽활엽수림에서 더 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제106권4호
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• pp.371-379
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• 2017

본 연구는 새마을운동 기간에 개발된 조림, 육종 및 사방 기술 개발이 우리나라 국토녹화 과정에 미친 공헌을 규명하기 위해 산림분야 학술지의 문헌을 고찰하고 산림녹화 사업에 참여한 임업인을 인터뷰하였다. 우리나라 국토녹화 사업은 1970년대에 새마을운동과 함께 본격적으로 이루어졌으며, 당시 연구 개발된 조림, 육종 및 사방 기술의 현장 보급을 통해 산사태 방지와 조기 녹화를 달성할 수 있었다. 새마을운동 당시 조림, 육종 및 사방 기술 연구는 대부분 황폐된 산지의 조기 복구에 집중되었다: 조림 기술 연구는 번식 양묘와 특수조림; 육종 기술 연구는 도입 선발 교잡 및 배수체육종, 내병 내충성 육종; 사방 기술 연구는 산지 야계 해안 사방에 집중되었다. 조림, 육종 및 사방 기술 연구는 새마을운동과 연계되어 지역주민의 일자리 창출, 소득 증진에 많은 기여를 하였다. 우리나라의 조림, 육종 및 사방 연구 기술을 기반으로 한, 국토녹화 성공사례는 산림이 심하게 훼손된 북한 및 개발도상 국가들에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.225-234
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• 2015

Mangroves are important coastal ecosystems and are located at the inter-tidal zones of tropical and sub-tropical belts. The global mangrove forests are declining dramatically because of the conversion of forests to shrimp farming, over-exploitation, pollution and freshwater diversion. The Bangladesh Forest Department initiated mangrove afforestation throughout the coastal belts of Bangladesh in 1966 to provide better protection for the coastal communities. Up to 1990, 120,000 ha of mangroves had been planted and it is one of the largest coastal afforestaton programs in the world. The objective of this study is to exploit the spatial extent of mangrove plantation and their dynamics of changes over the last two decades using multispectral Landsat imagery. The study area covers the coastal areas of Bangladesh that is extended over the eastern part of Sundarbans up to Teknaf, the southern tip of mainland Bangladesh. Mangrove plantations were interpreted visually on computer screen and interactive delineation of forest boundary was done. The mangrove plantation area has been estimated as 32,725, 47,636 and 43,166 ha for the year of 1989, 2000 and 2010, respectively. Mangrove deforestation by human activity has increased almost six times in the recent decade in comparison to the previous one. The mangrove forest loss due to coastal erosion has slightly declined in the 2000s. Mangroves have been lost primarily because of agricultural expansion. The result of this investigation will be helpful to understand the dynamics of mangrove plantation and the main drivers of changes in this coastal ecosystem.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2022

Background: Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a major commercial species, and the importance of the oak trees (Quercus spp.) is increasing due to various factors such as environmental and ecological values. However, more information is required to clearly understand the growth characteristics of these species especially regarding thinning intensity. This study was performed to provide the basic information to develop the silvicultural guideline and field manual by analyzing tree and stand characteristics in line with thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation and oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Results: Diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume changes by the thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation were significantly different from those in the oak-dominated deciduous natural forest. In particular, DBH distribution in the pine stand appeared that there were more large diameter trees as the thinning intensity was higher. DBH periodic annual increment (PAI) of the pine stand was higher as the thinning intensity was stronger and the growth period was shorter. This trend was similarly shown in the natural deciduous forest, but the amount of PAI was smaller than in pine stand. The volume PAI after thinning was not decreased over time. In each stand type, the PAI tended to be lower as stand density was higher. The volume PAI in the pine stand was significantly higher than that in the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Dead trees occurred the most in the unthinned plots of each stand type, and those were higher in the natural deciduous forest. Ingrowth trees were observed only in the natural deciduous forest, and its distribution was the lowest in unthinned plots; Korean white pine as ingrowth occurred the most frequently among many tree species. Conclusions: Different effects of thinning treatment on DBH and volume PAI, mortality, and ingrowth were observed for each stand. With respect to forest growth, Korean white pine plantation was superior to the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. The results of this study offer fundamental information for the development of silvicultural guidelines for Korean white pine plantations and oak-dominated natural deciduous forests in Korea.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.602-608
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• 2007

Forest plantations become important strategy not merely for the financial aspect, but for carbon sequestration and ecosystem stability. Forest plantations increase the density of the forest biomass, which reduce the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Biomass density is also a useful variable for comparing structural and functional attributes of forest ecosystems across a wide range of environmental conditions. In this study, carbon sequestration of teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) in the individual tree and plantation levels estimation was carried out Site-specific allometric equation for the estimation of teak tree biomass was developed based on the direct measurement of fifteen (15) harvested trees in the Oak-twin Township of the Bago Yoma Region, Myanmar. A regression equation of the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the aboveground biomass (carbon content) was constructed to estimate the carbon storage level of plantations, which averaged 79 ton/ha. The average carbon accumulation in the soil (up to 30 cm in depth) was estimated 38.89 ton/ha, The highest mean annual increment (MAI) of total carbon was found in the 6-yr-old teak plantation (12.10 ton/ha/yr) whereas the lowest MAI was in the 26-yr-old teak plantation (4.31 ton/ha/yr).

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

Vegetation carbon sequestration and regeneration are the two major parameters of forest research. In this study, we analyzed the vegetation carbon stock and regeneration of community-managed pine plantation of Kathmandu, central Nepal. Vegetation data were collected from 40 circular plots of 10 m radius (for the tree) and 1m radius (for seedling) applying a stratified random sampling and nested quadrat method. The carbon stock was estimated by Chave allometric model and estimated carbon stock was converted into CO₂ equivalents. Density-diameter (d-d) curve was also prepared to check the regeneration status and stability of the plantation. A d-d curve indicates the good regeneration status of the forest with a stable population in each size class. Diversity of trees was very low, only two tree species Pinus roxburghii and Eucalyptus citriodora occurred in the sample plots. Pine was the dominant tree in terms of density, basal area, biomass, carbon stock and CO₂ stock than the eucalyptus. The basal area, carbon stock and CO₂ stock of forest was 33±1.0 ㎡ ha^-1, 108±5.0 Mg ha^-1 and 394±18 Mg ha^-1, respectively. Seedling and tree density of the plantation was 4,965 ha^-1 and 339 ha^-1 respectively. The forest carbon stock showed a positive relationship with biomass, tree diameter, height and basal area but no relationship with tree density. Canopy cover and tree diameter have a negative effect on seedling density and regeneration. In conclusion, the community forest has a stable population in each size class, sequestering a significant amount of carbon and CO₂ emitted from densely populated Kathmandu metro city as the forest biomass hence have a potentiality to mitigate the global climate change.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2006

본 연구는 우리나라 밤나무 주산단지인 충북 충남 전북 전남 경남지역의 밤나무 재배농가(총 67호)를 대상으로 밤나무재배에 대한 경제성 분석을 실시하여 지역별 특성을 고려한 밤나무재배의 정책 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 중부지방 주산단지(충북, 충남)는 남부지방 주산단지(전남, 경남)와 비교하여 ha당 평균 조수입은 2.7배, 소득은 3.9배, 순수익은 12.1배 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 즉, 남부지방 주산단지는 중부지방 주산단지와 비교하여 밤나무재배에 대한 경제성이 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 이러한 주요 원인은 밤나무의 노령화로 인한 밤 생산량 감소와 밤 품질 저하 등에 기인한다. 따라서 남부지방 주산단지에 대해서는 지속적인 밤나무 노령목 갱신 및 관리대책이 필요하다.