• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2008

The increasing price of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) has forced many households to shift to firewood/charcoal in the Philippines, causing tremendous pressure on the dwindling forest. This transition is more obvious in the rural area where firewood price is almost half of that in the cities. Both problems on big demand for firewood and the pressure on our forest can be partly solved by going into firewood plantation. After all, the country has vast track of idle lands, both private and government lands, waiting to be developed. What the government can do are: a) aggressive promotion of firewood plantation, b) simplify further the old technology on establishing firewood plantation to encourage more farmers, c) improve charcoal processing and d) promote the use of efficient stoves. This write up discusses the need for firewood plantation, areas available for planting, where to plant in farms, what species to plant in a particular soil type/location for optimum growth, planting methods, harvesting, marketing, and the side lights on the ecological benefits derived from plantation aside from wood.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

Soil samples were collected from three depths (0-10 cm, 10-40 cm and 40-80 cm) of two forest sites including one plantation dominated by teak with some other minor species and another degraded natural forest in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh to compare their soil properties. Some vegetation parameters were also studied. For this study $10{\times}10\;m$ and $2{\times}2\;m$ quadrats were used for the tree and undergrowth parameters, respectively. Soil samples were also collected from these quadrats. Between the two forest types, the highest levels of organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were found in soils of the plantation. The soils were acidic in nature and exchangeable Al concentrations were low. Teak dominated forest plantation had higher soil fertility index (SFI) than the degraded natural forest site. Steps for reforestation and appropriate protection are needed to improve the situation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권5호
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• pp.655-662
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• 2010

Desertification has been expanding with a remarkable speed across the Northeast Asia. Desertification in Northeast Asia significantly influences Korea's economy and environmental health conditions in recent years. For these reasons, a number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Korea have carried out the reforestation projects to combat desertification in China and Mongolia. Several tree plantation projects were implemented in Mongolia and China. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the performance of tree plantation aid projects carried out by Korean NGOs in Mongolia. The performance of tree plantation projects was examined through effectiveness, efficiency, equity and responsiveness of those projects. The performance was analyzed with the survival rate of planted trees and planting cost, the recognitions of Mongolian people. The analysis of the performance showed that the tree plantation cooperation projects carried out by Korean NGOs in Mongolia had comparatively high performance from a larger point of view. Especially, effectiveness and responsiveness of their projects were highly marked in spite of all the difficulties of carrying out the tree plantation. Such a high effectiveness represented the relatively higher survival rates of trees and Mongolian's positive recognition of plantation projects. Furthermore, the responsiveness also turned out to be high with a great satisfaction of the Mongolian people for plantation projects conducted by the Korean NGOs. Survey results indicated that the efficiency and equity of the projects would be increased by promoting the cooperation projects for tree planting throughout Mongolia with reinforcing infrastructures. By comparison between Korean NGOs and Mongolian Government plantation projects, confirmed the importance of sustained financial support and maintenance activities in the plantation sites.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.232-241
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• 2012

We investigated the relationship between vegetation type and soil carbon dynamics in even-aged alder (Alnus hirsuta) and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) plantations in central Korea. Both forests were located on the same soil parent material and occupied similar topographic positions. Soil $CO_2$ efflux in the two plantations was determined using a dynamic chamber method accompanied by measurements of soil moisture content and temperature. Mean soil temperature was similar in the two plantations, but mean soil water content was significantly higher in the alder plantation than in the pine plantation. In both plantations, seasonal patterns in soil $CO_2$ efflux exhibited pronounced variation that corresponded to soil temperature. Soil water content did not affect the seasonal variation in soil $CO_2$ efflux. However, in summer, when soil temperature was above $17^{\circ}C$, soil $CO_2$ efflux increased linearly with soil water content in the alder plantation. Estimated $Q_{10}$ was 3.3 for the alder plantation and 2.7 for the pine plantation. Mean soil respiration during the measurement period in the alder plantation was 0.43 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$, which was 1.3 times higher than in the pine plantation (0.33 g $CO_2\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$). Higher soil $CO_2$ efflux in the alder plantation might be related to nitrogen availability, particularly the concentration of $NO_3{^-}$, which was measured using the ion-exchange resin bag method.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제89권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2000

충청북도 충주지역에서 식재된 22년생 자작나무와 24년생 가래나무 인공림의 지상부 현존생물량 및 연순생산량을 분석하기 위하여 임분별 9주씩 총 18주의 표본목을 선정 벌목하였다. 수식 $Wt=aD^b$를 사용하여 추정한 자작나무와 가래나무의 지상부 총 현존생물량은 자작나무림에서 79.33t/ha와 가래나우림에서 67.47t/ha으로 가래나무림보다 연령이 작은 자작나무림에서 높은 현존생물량을 보였다. 부위별 구성비는 자작나무림과 가래나무림 모두에서 수간목질부, 가지, 수피, 그리고 잎의 순으로 높았다. 총 연순생산량은 자작나무림이 9.92t/ha, 가래나무림이 11.79t/ha으로 총 현존생물량이 많았던 자작나무림보다 가래나무림에서 높게 나다났는데, 이 결과는 잎을 제외한 수간목질부, 수피, 소지 그리고 가지에서의 연순생산량이 가래나무림에서 높았기 때문이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권3호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 인도네시아의 산업조림 및 A/R CDM 사업 투자자에게 조림사업의 수익성을 비교분석하여 그 결과를 제공하는데 있다. 인도네시아의 산업조림 및 A/R CDM 사업의 경제성 분석을 위해서 산업조림 유형, A/R CDM 유형, 산업조림과 A/R CDM 사업의 혼합 유형 등 3가지 시나리오를 구성하였다. 유형별 내부 투자수익율(IRR)을 보면 혼합 유형이 11%로서 가장 높고 산업조림 유형이 8%이다. 산업조림 유형의 목재 가격에 따른 민감도를 보면 목재 가격이 USD $30/m^3$에서 USD $35/m^3$로 상승 시에는 내부수익율은 8%에서 14%로 높아져 목재 가격에 따른 민감도가 75%로서 매우 높게 나타났다. A/R CDM 사업의 경우 lCER 가격이 USD 5 이하일 경우에는 사업 타당성이 없는 것으로 분석되었으며 USD 10일 경우 산업조림의 IRR(8%)과 동일한 것으로 분석되었다. 1만 2천ha의 조림 투자 대상지에 들어가는 비용을 보면, 혼합 유형이 약 132억원으로 산업조림 유형 136억원에 비하여 적게 소요되며 11년째부터 흑자 전환(산업조림 유형은 13년)되어 혼합 유형의 시나리오가 가장 경제성이 높은 것으로 분석 되었다.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

본 연구는 우산고로쇠나무의 적정 식재밀도와 식재시기를 결정하기 위해 자생지와 조림지의 생장특성을 분석하고 조림 시 수액채취 도달연수를 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 토양은 자생지가 조림지에 비해 비옥한 것으로 나타났고 조림지의 생장특성을 분석해 본 결과 초기생장은 식재밀도에 영향을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 자생지와 조림지에서 흉고직경과 수관폭이 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 자생지의 흉고직경별 도달연수는 통계적으로 유의차가 없어 경급별 생장차이는 나타나지 않았다. 수액채취 가능 흉고직경 10 cm에 도달하는 연수는 자생지에서 약 19년, 조림지에서 약 9년으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.204-217
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• 2022

Background: Increasing land demands for food production have led to biodiversity loss and land degradation in the Madhupur Sal forest. Reforestation activities such as agroforestry and woodlot plantation support the conservation of diversity, restoration of forest and prevention of soil erosion in degraded natural Sal forest. Knowing about these reforestation activities, this study is needed to compare the species composition, richness, and soil nutrients of these two plantation activities to the natural Sal forest in the degraded Madhupur Sal forest in Bangladesh. Results: The analysis showed that in between the reforestation activities, the highest Shannon-Wiener index (1.79), evenness (0.60) and Simpson's index (0.79) were found in the agroforestry site compared to the woodlot plantation site. On the contrary, the highest species richness (n = 14), tree basal area (19.56 m² ha^-1), Margalef's index (1.96) were recorded in woodlot plantation than in the agroforestry site. We observed that at 0-15 cm depth, soil organic matter (2.39%), total nitrogen (0.14%), available phosphorous (62.67 ㎍ g^-1) and exchangeable potassium (0.36 meq/100 g) in agroforestry plots were significantly higher compared to other forest sites. At topsoil (15-30 cm depth), soil organic matter (1.67%) and available phosphorous (21.09 ㎍ g^-1) were found to be higher in agroforestry site. Conclusions: Both reforestation approaches improved soil function, although woodlot plantation had the higher species richness. Therefore, plantation activities by the sustainable implementation of these two practices are the best alternative to restore the biodiversity, richness and conserve soil fertility in the Madhupur Sal forest of Bangladesh.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the diversity of plant species (trees, shrubs, herbs) of natural forest and plantations. A total of 52 plant species were recorded in the natural forest, of which 16 were trees, 15 were shrubs and 21 were herbs. On the contrary, 31 species of plants including 11 trees, 8 shrubs and 12 herbs were identified in plantation forest. Shannon-Wiener diversity index were 2.70, 2.72 and 3.12 for trees, shrubs and herbs respectively in the natural forest. However, it was 2.35 for tree species, 2.31 for shrub species and 2.81 for herb species in the plantation forest. Jaccard's similarity index showed that 71% species of trees, 44% species of shrubs and 43% species of herbs were same in plantations and natural forest.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

We studied natural and plantation forest ecosystem of Sarguja in Chhattisgarh, India in order to understand how vegetation biomass, carbon stock and its allocation patterns vary among the sites. For this, stratified random sampling was opted to measure the different layers of vegetation. Wide floral diversity was found in the natural forest site as compared to the teak stand. Overall, 17 tree species found in natural forest comprising 8 families while in the teak stand 6 species were recorded. In understory strata 23 species were recorded (18 herbs and 5 shrubs) in natural forest whereas in teak stand 20 herb species and 3 shrubs were found. Great variation was also seen in the population dynamics of the different vegetation stratum in concerned sites. The sapling, seedling and herb density was found to be highest in natural stand while tree and shrub density was more in teak stand. Results indicated that stand biomass of the natural site was $321.19t\;ha^{-1}$ while in the teak stand it was $276.61t\;ha^{-1}$. The total biomass of tree layer in plantation site was $245.22t\;ha^{-1}$ and natural forest $241.44t\;ha^{-1}$. The sapling, seedling, shrub and forest floor biomass was found highest under natural forest as compared to the teak plantation site. Carbon stock has similar trend as that of biomass accumulation in natural forest and teak stand. Higher biomass accumulation and carbon stock were recorded in the higher girth class gradation of the population structure. Proper efforts are required to manage these diverse ecosystems to obtain higher biomass and sustainable ecological services.