• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2017

White root rot disease, caused by the pathogen Rosellinia necatrix, is one of the world's most devastating plant fungal diseases and affects several commercially important species of fruit trees and crops. Recent global outbreaks of R. necatrix and advances in molecular techniques have both increased interest in this pathogen. However, the lack of information regarding the genomic structure and transcriptome of R. necatrix has been a barrier to the progress of functional genomic research and the control of this harmful pathogen. Here, we identified 10,616 novel full-length transcripts from the filamentous hyphal tissue of R. necatrix (KACC 40445 strain) using PacBio single-molecule sequencing technology. After annotation of the unigene sets, we selected 14 cell cycle-related genes, which are likely either positively or negatively involved in hyphal growth by cell cycle control. The expression of the selected genes was further compared between two strains that displayed different growth rates on nutritional media. Furthermore, we predicted pathogen-related effector genes and cell wall-degrading enzymes from the annotated gene sets. These results provide the most comprehensive transcriptomal resources for R. necatrix, and could facilitate functional genomics and further analyses of this important phytopathogen.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.370-381
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• 2017

Rathayibacter tritici, which is a Gram positive, plant pathogenic, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterium, causes spike blight in wheat and barley. For successful pathogenesis, R. tritici is associated with Anguina tritici, a nematode, which produces seed galls (ear cockles) in certain plant varieties and facilitates spread of infection. Despite significant efforts, little research is available on the mechanism of disease or bacteria-nematode association of this bacterium due to lack of genomic information. Here, we report the first complete genome sequence of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 with diverse features of this strain. The whole genome consists of one circular chromosome of 3,354,681 bp with a GC content of 69.48%. A total of 2,979 genes were predicted, comprising 2,866 protein coding genes and 49 RNA genes. The comparative genomic analyses between R. tritici NCPPB 1953 and R. toxicus strains identified 1,052 specific genes in R. tritici NCPPB 1953. Using the BlastKOALA database, we revealed that the flexible genome of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 is highly enriched in 'Environmental Information Processing' system and metabolic processes for diverse substrates. Furthermore, many specific genes of R. tritici NCPPB 1953 are distributed in substrate-binding proteins for extracellular signals including saccharides, lipids, phosphates, amino acids and metallic cations. These data provides clues on rapid and stable colonization of R. tritici for disease mechanism and nematode association.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious trans-boundary viral disease caused by FMD virus, which causes huge economic losses. FMDV infects cloven hoofed (two-toed) mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and various wildlife species. To control the FMDV, it is necessary to understand the life cycle and the pathogenesis of FMDV in host. Especially, the protein-protein interaction between FMDV and host will help to understand the survival cycle of viruses in host cell and establish new therapeutic strategies. However, the computational approach for protein-protein interaction between FMDV and pig hosts have not been applied to studies of the onset mechanism of FMDV. In the present work, we have performed the prediction of the pig's proteins which interact with FMDV based on RNA-Seq data, protein sequence, and structure information. After identifying the virus-host interaction, we looked for meaningful pathways and anticipated changes in the host caused by infection with FMDV. A total of 78 proteins of pig were predicted as interacting with FMDV. The 156 interactions include 94 interactions predicted by sequence-based method and the 62 interactions predicted by structure-based method using domain information. The protein interaction network contained integrin as well as STYK1, VTCN1, IDO1, CDH3, SLA-DQB1, FER, and FGFR2 which were related to the up-regulation of inflammation and the down-regulation of cell adhesion and host defense systems such as macrophage and leukocytes. These results provide clues to the knowledge and mechanism of how FMDV affects the host cell.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2020

Lysin motif (LysM) proteins are reported to be necessary for the virulence and immune response suppression in many herbaceous plant pathogens, while far less is documented in woody plant pathogens. In this study, we preliminarily characterized the molecular function of a LysM protein LtLysM1 in woody plant pathogen Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Transcriptional profiles revealed that LtLysM1 is highly expressed at infectious stages, especially at 36 and 48 hours post inoculation. Amino acid sequence analyses revealed that LtLysM1 was a putative glycoprotein with 10 predicted N-glycosylation sites and one LysM domain. Pathogenicity tests showed that overexpressed transformants of LtLysM1 displayed increased virulence on grapevine shoots in comparison with that of wild type CSS-01s, and RNAi transformants of LtLysM1 exhibited significantly decreased lesion length when compared with that of wild type CSS-01s. Moreover, LtLysM1 was confirmed to be a secreted protein by a yeast signal peptide trap assay. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana together with protein immunoblotting confirmed that LtLysM1 was an N-glycosylated protein. In contrast to previously reported LysM protein Slp1 and OsCEBiP, LtLysM1 molecule did not interact with itself based on yeast two hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. These results indicate that LtLysM1 is a secreted protein and functions as a critical virulence factor during the disease symptom development in woody plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2017

Beauveria bassiana infects a number of pest species and is known to produce insecticidal substances, such as the nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) beauvericin and bassianolide. However, most NRPs and their biological roles in B. bassiana remain undiscovered. To identify NRPs that potentially contribute to pathogenesis, the 21 predicted NRP synthetases (NRPSs) or NRPS-like proteins of B. bassiana ARSEF 2860 were primarily ranked into three functional groups: basic metabolism (7 NRPSs), pathogenicity (12 NRPSs), and unknown function (2 NRPSs). Based on the transcript levels during in vivo growth on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)), half of the Group II NRPSs were likely to be involved in infection. Given that the metabolites biosynthesized by these NRPSs remain to be determined, our result underlines the importance of the NRPSome in fungal pathogenesis, and will serve as a guide for future genomic mining projects to discover functionally essential and structurally diverse NRPs in fungal genomes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2006

Endogenous salicylic acid (SA) and its predominant conjugates, SA 2-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (SAG) and the glucose ester of SA (SGE), increase dramatically during plant defense responses. Here I report the isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana UDP-glucose:SA glucosyltransferase1 (AtSGT1) gene using a tobacco SGT gene previously reported, whose product catalyzes the formation of both SAG and SGE. The recombinant AtSGT1 protein had significant activities with SA and benzoic acid, and synthesized SAG and SGE. Northern blot analysis showed that AtSGT1 was rapidly induced both by exogenous SA and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, indicating that pathogen-inducible AtSGT1 expression is an early disease response and may be involved in the accumulation of glucosyl SA during pathogenesis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2019

Autophagy is the sequential process whereby cell components are degraded, which can occur due to nutrient deprivation. Its regulation has an essential role in many diseases, functioning in both cell survival and cell death. Autophagy starts when mTORC1 is inhibited, resulting in the activation of several complexes to form a cargo that fuses with a lysosome, where it undergoes degradation. In this review, we describe a plant extract that is well known in Korea, namely Korean ginseng extract; we studied how its derivatives and metabolites can regulate autophagy and thus mediate the pathogenesis of certain diseases.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2017

Histone methylation plays important roles in regulating chromatin dynamics and transcription in eukaryotes. Implication of histone modifications in fungal pathogenesis is, however, beginning to emerge. Here, we report identification and functional analysis of a putative JmjC-domain-containing histone demethylase in Magnaporthe oryzae. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified seven genes, which encode putative histone demethylases containing JmjC domain. Deletion of one gene, MoJMJ1, belonging to JARID group, resulted in defects in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction, appressorium formation as well as invasive growth in the fungus. Western blot analysis showed that global H3K4me3 level increased in the deletion mutant, compared to wild-type strain, indicating histone demethylase activity of MoJMJ1. Introduction of MoJMJ1 gene into ${\Delta}Mojmj1$ restored defects in pre-penetration developments including appressorium formation, indicating the importance of histone demethylation through MoJMJ1 during infection-specific morphogenesis. However, defects in penetration and invasive growth were not complemented. We discuss such incomplete complementation in detail here. Our work on MoJMJ1 provides insights into H3K4me3-mediated regulation of infection-specific development in the plant pathogenic fungus.

• 식물병연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2007

2007년 5월 전북 전주의 식물원에서 판매중인 아이비에서 줄기 하부가 검게 썩으며 급격히 말라죽는 증상으로부터 병원균을 분리 동정한 결과 Phytophthora cinnamomi로 동정되었다. 병원균의 형태적 특성은 비 돌출형의 탈락성이 없는 계란형, 장타원형 혹은 서양배형의 유주자낭을 형성하였고, 크기는 평균 $33.8{\times}16{\mu}m$였고, 구형의 후막포자를 다량 형성하였으며, 크기는 평균 직경이 $19.7{\mu}m$였다. 유성생식형은 자웅이주로 A1 mating type이 관찰되었고 난포자의 크기는 직경이 $26.2{\mu}m$였다. 균사의 생육적온은 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$였다. 이상과 같이 국내 최초의 P. cinnamomi에 의한 아이비줄기썩음병의 발생을 보고하는 바이다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2008

2007년 7월 전북 전주의 식물원에서 판매중인 아이비에서 줄기와 잎이 갈색으로 썩으며 급격히 말라죽는 증상으로부터 병원균을 분리 동정한 결과 Phytophthora nicotianae로 동정되었다. 병원균의 형태적 특성은 유두돌기가 있고 탈락성이 없는 난형의 유주자낭을 형성하였고, 크기는 평균 $35.4{\times}25.2{\mu}m$었고, 구형의 후막포자를 다량 형성하였으며, 크기는 평균 직경이 28.5 ${\mu}m$였다. 유성생식형은 자웅이주로 A1 mating type이 관찰되었고 난포자의 크기는 평균 직경이 23.3 ${\mu}m$였다. 균사의 생육적온은 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$였다. P. nicotianae에 의한 아이비줄기썩음병의 발생은 국내에서는 처음이다.