• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.319-322
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• 1997

The optimal conditions for callus formation and plant regeneration were determined by the manipulation of culture method in unpollinated ovary culture of rice. The effect of cold pretreatment on callus formation and plant regeneration varied with duration of pretreatment. The maximum frequency (38.7%) of plant regeneration was obtained from the unpollinated ovary pretreated for 10 days at $12^{\circ}C$. The ability of callus formation and plant regeneration was higher on the medium with picloram (1 mg/L) than that of 2, 4-D (1 mg/L). However, the high concentration of picloram increased markedly the frequency of albino plant from unpollinated ovary-derived callus. Floral parts inoculated as a unit play important roles in callus formation and plant regeneration. Best result was obtained when ovary with partial cut glume, pedicel and secondary branch as a unit was cultured.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

Immature and mature embryos of 18 Korean wheat genotypes were cultured in vitro to develop an efficient method of callus formation and plant regeneration, and to compare the responses of both embryo cultures. Immature and mature embryos were placed on a solid agar medium containing the MS salts and vitamins, 30g/l maltose, 2 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and amino acids. The developed calli were maintained on regeneration medium containing MS salts and B5 vitamins, 20 g/l sucrose, and the combination of two plant growth regulators, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Immature embryos in most genotypes showed high efficiency of callus induction except three genotypes; Eunpamil, Chunggemil, and Namhaemil, and significant differences among the genotypes. Plant regeneration of calli induced from immature embryos showed high efficiency in Geurumil (56.5%), Tapdongmil (50.5%), Gobunmil (45.5%), and Urimil(42.2%). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for regeneration frequency among the genotypes. Mature embryos showed low callus induction frequency compared with that in immature embryos, and significant differences among the genotypes. Plant regeneration of calli induced from mature embryos showed high efficiency in Keumkangmil (33.33%), Tapdongmil(28.13%), and Geurumil (27.78%). The analysis of variance showed significant differences for plant regeneration frequency among the genotypes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.526-532
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• 2015

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SJ) is a perennial plant and its root has been used in oriental traditional medicine for treatment of fever, inflammation, diarrhea and anticancer effect, etc. In this study, plant tissue culture system for SJ was developed. Stem piece of younger plant was optimum explant for callus induction and growth on MS medium supplemented with NAA 1.0 ㎎/L plus BA 0.5 ㎎/L. Plantlet regeneration through callus culture was well on MS medium containing NAA 1.0 mg/L. SJ has been known biologically active substances such as baicalin, baiclein, and wogonin. This study was carried out to examine the effect of plant growth regulators for production of baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin through callus culture. The HPLC pattern of callus extract was identical to that of standard solution, it shows that the callus produced by tissue culture has the same flavonoids composition of SJ. Baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin production was 471.5~52.8 ㎍/g, 137.6~4.0 ㎍/g, and 16.6~1.3 ㎍/g, respectively, on MS media with nine different plant growth regulator combinations. This may indicate that plant tissue culture of SJ possible to produce the biologically active substances effectively

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

Tissue culture systems to optimize regeneration plant species of Ocimum spp were evaluated as a method to micropropagate individual plants and to better study their biology in vitro. Ocimum species were also evaluated for the production of natural plant products during and following the regeneration process. The primary goal of this project was to enhance the regeneration efficiency of basil. Several factors were examined using different Ocimum species and commercial varieties. The effect of cytokinin combination, activated charcoal, gelling agents, and different carbon sources were investigated. Anthocyanin callus spots were produced only in four varieties among six tested. 'Sweet Dani' showed the best results on anthocyanin accumulation, while 'African beauty', 'Tree basil' and 'Methylcinnamate' produced only a few spots. Shoot regeneration was only achieved from 'Sweet Dani' explants. As the activated charcoal concentration increased, callus formation rate decreased respectively compare to the controls for all varieties. There was a decrease in callus growth with increasing concentration of agar and phytagel.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

Cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants of melon seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (B.A).Up to 22% of cotyledonary explants and 7%, of hypocotyl explants, respectively: Produced somatic embryos through intervening two types of calli: bright yellow compact (BYC) callus and pale-yellow compact (PYC) callus. BYC callus was capable of producing somatic embryos at initial culture, but it became necrotic as subrulhues proceeded. In contrast UC callus was incapable of producing somatic embryos during initial culture (first 6 weeks), but it became bright-yellow friable (BYF) callus with forming a few globular embryos after 2 months of subculture, indicating that the callus turned embryogenic. The embryogenic capacity of BYF maintained for over one year when the callus was sucultured at 4-week interval. Upon transfer onto MS basal medium the callus gave rise to numerous somatic embryos and subsequently converted to plantlets. Plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in the phyotron.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.243-250
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• 2009

In the present study, a simple one medium formulation protocol for callus culture, somatic embryogenesis and in vitro production of ${\beta}-carboline$ alkaloids and diosgenin in Tribulus terrestris L. was developed. Extensive callus induction and proliferation was obtained in leaf explant on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with $5.0{\mu}M$ 6 benzyl adenine (BA) and $2.5{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA). The embryogenic callus was maintained on subculture to fresh parental medium at 4-week intervals over a period of 28 months. The frequency of embryo formation was at a maximum ($18.1{\pm}0.9$ per g of callus) on MS medium containing $5.0{\mu}M$ BA and $2.5{\mu}M$ NAA together with $75mg\;1^{-1}$ casein hydrolysate. Globular embryo developed into torpedo stage embryo under the influence of starvation. The accumulation of ${\beta}-carboline$ alkaloids (harmaline and harmine) and steroidal saponin (diosgenin) in non-embryogenic and embryogenic callus culture derived from leaf explant was compared with root, leaf, stem, and fruit of the mother plant. The embryogenic callus accumulated equivalent amounts of harmaline ($66.4{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), harmine ($82.7{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/g$ dry weight), and diosgenin ($170.7{\pm}1.0{\mu}g/g$ dry weight) to that of the fruit of T. terrestris. The embryogenic callus culture of this species might offer a potential source for production of important pharmaceuticals.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.377-382
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• 1993

Rice (Oryza saliva L.) calli containing both embryogenic callus (EC) and non embryogenic callus (NEC) regions were initiated from the mature seed on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin. The calli were developed into two callus type which can be distinguished by visual examination depending on color and appearance. In order to illucidate the polypeptide composition between EC and NEC, the total protein extracted from two types of callus was analysed by electrophoresis. By one-dimesional anlaysis of SDS-PAGE and Isoelectric focusing, several protein bands showed quantitative and qualitative difference in each type of callus. The further analysis of the total protein with two-dimensional electrophoresis showed at least 20 EC specific protein and 10 NE specific protein. Also 3 specific protein spots showing micro heterogeneity of 90, 65, 50 kD were detected in EC, while a series of acidic heterologous protein spots were visualized in NEC.in NEC.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.466-470
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• 1987

Immature embryos of Hordeum spontaneum were cultured on B5 and CI medium (Cheng's modified MS) to induce callus formation. CI media containing lmg/$\ell$ and 2mg/$\ell$ 2,4-D were more effective than B5 medium with lmg/$\ell$ 2,4-D for the initiation of callus. Total 883 calli were induced from 1,060 immature embryos plated. Callus induction frequency was 83%. Calli were transferred to differentiation media after one subculture to regenerate plants. Forty six plants were regenerated from 608 calli. Seventeen plants were chlorophyll deficient. There was no significant difference for plant regeneration among genotypes and media effects in calli which had been induced from immature embryos of seven types of trisomies. The overall regeneration frequency was 7.6%.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.341-346
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• 2003

In an effort to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), an efficient and high-frequency plant regeneration system from seed-derived calli was established. Embryogenic calli induced on MS medium containing 3mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1mg/L BA had significantly improved regeneration ability. Plant regeneration rate was 92％ when embryogenic calli were cultured on N6 medium supplemented with 1mg/L 2,4-D and 3mg/L BA. Among three kinds of medium, MS and N6 medium were optimal for embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. Ho difference in callus induction frequency was observed among four cultivars of orchardgrass, however, "Roughrider" cultivar showed higher regenerability with the frequency of 61％. Addition of maltose to the regeneration medium as a carbon source dramatically increased regeneration frequency up to 69％. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system would be beneficial for molecular breeding of orchardgrass through genetic transformation.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

In order to establish micropropagation system Anthurium andreanum 'Atlanta', dwarf type, shoots of A. andreanum were cultured on medium supplemented with cytokinin. Callus was formed from the base of shoots. high frequency callus induction was obtained on medium with 10.0mg/L BA or 10.0mg/L TDZ(thidiazuron) at more than 71.8%. The shoots were cultured on media with various combinations and concentrations of TDZ, BA and 2.4-D to enhance callus induction. Callus was induced at more than 72.6% and grew vigorously on media containing 10.0mg/L BA and 0.0∼0.5mg/L 2.4-D, or 1.0mg/L TDZ. Stimulation effects of cytokinin by 2.4-D did not occur in combined treatments of cytokinin and 2.4-D. Callus was cut into sections(7${\times}$10mm), and then cultured on media with BA alone or BA and 2.4-D to regenerate shoots and to stimulate the callus growth. Shoot regeneration and callus growth were effective on media with 10.0mg/L BA alone, or 10.0mg/L BA and 0.1mg/L 2.4-D. In combined treatments of BA and 2.4-D, stmulation effects of cytocinin by 2.4-D also did not occur. Callus growth was decreased, accordiong to increasing the concentration of 2.4-D. In cimbined treatments of TDZ and 2.4-D in shoot regeneration and callus proliferation, stimulated effects of cytokinin by 2.4-D did not occur entirely. Media with 0.5∼1.0mg/L TDZ ingibited the regeneration and rooting of shoots, and callus growth from callus sections. Addition of 2.4-D on medium with TDZ ingibited the regeneration and rooting of shoots, and callus growth. Rooted plantdts were acclimatized in greenhouse. The plantlets were survived more than 98% in soil of vermiculite alone or mixed perlite 1 and vermiculite 1.