• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.10-24
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• 2005

Background and Purpose: Feeling the pulse is based on the pulse condition and alteration to observe the condition of the human body's health and by using a healthy person's pulse as a standard we are able to analyze the patient's pulse to find the attacked channel and collateral, viscera and bowels and understand the pathology such as diseases caused by exogenous evil, disorder of internal organs, and seven modes of emotions. Observing the color and shade of the patient's face, listening carefully to the sound of the patient, and feeling the pulse are methods in accordance with Su Wen 'Plain Questions', 'The Classic on Difficulty' (5th century B.C. Bianque), 'The Classic of Sphymology' (280 A.D. Wang Xi), 'Pulse Formulas' (1189 A.D. Cui Jiayan), and is systematically edited for those who have started studying to easily reach the profound state. Therefore, 'The Elementary Course for Medicine' has been used from ancient times as the textbook for diagnostics. Methods: In this Study, we will inspect commonly used pulse feeling methods, the inch, bar, cubit thesis, the viscera and bowels thesis from The Elementary Course for Medicine and inquire the difference of the text from 'Plain Questions of Huangdi's Internal Classic', 'Treatise on Febrile Diseases', 'Classic on Difficulty'. Results and Conclusion: 1. In 'The Elementary Course for Medicine' the site of the wrist along the pulsation of the radial artery is divided into inch, bar, cubit and has defined the inch, bar, cubit crossways. 2. In 'The Elementary Course of Medicine' the inch, bar, cubit for the left hand and right hand is subjected to each viscera and bowel. By assigning the left hand's inch, bar, cubit to the cardial orb, the hepatic orb, the renal orb, and the right hand's inch, bar, cubit to the pulmonic orb, the splenic orb, the vital gate it has been able to feel the pulse for each viscera and bowel by using the interpromoting and interacting relation of the five evolutive phases.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.337-354
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• 2016

To study the influence on fracture properties of reinforced concrete wedge splitting test specimens by the addition of reinforcement, and the restriction of steel bars on crack propagation, 7 groups reinforced concrete specimens of different reinforcement position and 1 group plain concrete specimens with the same size factors were designed and constructed for the tests. Based on the double-K fracture criterion and tests, fracture toughness calculation model which was suitable for reinforced concrete wedge splitting tensile specimens has been obtained. The results show that: the value of initial craking load Pini and unstable fracture load Pun decreases gradually with the distance of reinforcement away from specimens's top. Compared with plain concrete specimens, addition of steel bar can reduce the value of initial fracture toughness KIini, but significantly increase the value of the critical effective crack length ac and unstable fracture toughness KIun. For tensional concrete member, the effect of anti-cracking by reinforcement was mainly acted after cracking, the best function of preventing fracture initiation was when the steel bar was placed in the middle of the crack, and when the reinforcement was across the crack and located away from crack tip, it plays the best role in inhibiting the extension of crack.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1993

This work studies for heat transfer and pressure drop performance of integral inner and outer fin tubes, designed to enhance the heat transfer performance of smooth tubes for in recipro and turbo refrigerator or high performance compact heat exchangers. Eight different inner spiral fin copper tubes with integral fin at outside surfaces were employed to improve boiling heat transfer coeffcient. For comparison, tests were made using a plain tube having the inside diameter and an outside diameter equal to that at the root of the fins for the finned tubes. Pool boiling heat transfer is investigated experimentally and theoretically on single tube arrangement. The refrigerant evaporates at a saturation state of 1 bar on the outside tube surface heated by hot water. The refrigerant R11 ($CFCl_3$) was used at a pressure of $P_s=1bar$ as a convenient test fluid with a boiling temperature of $T_s=23.6^{\circ}C$. The observed heat transfer enhancement of boiling for finned tubes significantly exceeded that to be expected on grounds of increased area. The maximum Vapor - side enhancement(i.e., vapor - side heat transfer coefficient of finned tube/vapor - side coefficient for plain tube) was found to be around 4 at 1299fpm - 30grooves tube.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.99-102
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• 2002

This paper discusses the estimation of construction cost of high fluidity concrete using segregation reducing type superplasicizer with 350kgf/cm2 of design strength and 60$\pm$5cm of slump flow in order to verify the cost down effect of high fluidity concrete compared with that of plain concrete with 350kgf/cm2 of design strength and 18cm of slump and with 210kgf/cm2 of design strength and 15cm of slump. According to research, under same strength levels, although material cost of high fluidity concrete is somewhat higher than that of plain concrete due to segregation reducing type superplasticizer, labor cost and equipment cost of high fluidity concrete is cheaper than that of plain concrete. However, based on the strength differences, high fluidity concrete shows lower material cost, labor cost and equipment cost than that of plain concrete due to decreasing in size of member and re-bar caused by high strength development of concrete.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.798-805
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• 2010

There are no domestic researches of plate fin heat exchanger in the field of cryogenic such as LNG FPSO liquefaction plant. In this study, condensing heat transfer characteristics of nitrogen according to three kinds of fin type in the plate fin heat exchanger were analyzed through simulation and experiment to secure independent technologies. In the simulation, nitrogen was condensed at 69bar and $-140^{\circ}C$ in serrated and wavy fin of plate-fin heat exchanger. The serrated fin shows the highest value of local heat transfer coefficient, followed by wavy and plain fin. The experimental results were shown errors less than 12% comparing with the simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1994

This work studies for boiling and condensation heat transfer performance of trapezoidally shaped integral-fin tubes having fin densities from 748fpm to 1654fpm. For comparison, tests are made using a plain tube having the same inside and outside diameter as that of the root of fins of finned tubes. Hahne's theoretical model and Webb's theoretical model are used to predict the R-11 boiling heat transfer coefficient and condensing heat transfer coefficient respectively for plain tube and all integral-fin tubes. Experiments are carried out using R-11 as working fluid. This work is limited to film-wise condensation and pool boiling on the outside surface of plain tube and 4 low integral-fin tubes. In case of condensation, the refrigerant condenses at saturation state of 32$^{\circ}C$ on the outside tube surface cooled by coolant and in case of boiling. the refrigerant evaporates at saturation state of 1bar on the outside tube surface. The amount of non-con-densable gases in the test loop is reduced to a negligible value by repeated purging. The actual boiling and condensing processes occur on the outside tube surfaces. Hence the nature of this surface geometry affects the heat transfer performances of condenser and evaporator in refrigerating system. The condensation heat transfer coefficient of integral-fin tube is enhanced by both extended tube surface area and surface tension. The ratio of the condensation heat transfer coefficients of finned to plain tubes is greater than that of surface area of finned to plain tubes, while ratio of the boiling heat transfer coefficient of finned to plain tubes shows reverse result. As a result, low integral-fin tube can be used in condenser more effectively than used in evaporator.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1264-1274
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• 1994

Heat transfer performance of integral-fin tube which is used in recipro turbo refrigerator or high compact heat exchangers is studied. Eight tubes with trapezoidal shaped integral-fins having fin densities from 748 to 1654 fpm and 10, 30 internal grooves are tested. A plain tube having the same(inner and outer) diameter as the fin tubes is also tested for comparison. Pool boiling heat transfer of R-11 is investigated experimentally and theoretically on single tube arrangement. The refrigerant evaporates at saturation state of 1 bar on the outside tube surface and heat is supplied by not water which circulates inside of the tube. From the result of eight fin tubes and one plain tube tested, a tube having 1299 fpm-30 grooves shows the best performance. A maximum overall heat transfer coefficient of this tube is about 4000 $W/m^{2}K$ at 2.8m/s of water velocity. The maximum heat transfer enhancement (i.e., the ratio of overall heat transfer coefficients of finned to plain tubes)is about 2.1.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.431-436
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• 2002

In this paper, to seek a solution of reducing autogenous shrinkage three types of bar restricted concrete specimens which have similar compressive strength were tested. The three type of concrete were plain concrete-P25 type, $10^{\circ}C$ fly-ash replaced concrete-F10 type, and $1^{\circ}C$ expansion admixture replaced concrete-SP1 type, and with the test result an experimental study was conducted to gain the tensile stress of concrete. From the result of P25, SP1, F10 tests, it was found that by the age of 14 the ratios of tensile stress to tensile strength of three specimens are $75^{\circ}C$, $47^{\circ}C$, $52^{\circ}C$ respectively. so we came to a conclusion that the SP1-type concrete has better capacity to reduce autogenous shrinkage than F10-type concrete at similar compressive strength condition.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2003

Pullout tests of single headed bars using plain concrete blocks indicate that the embedment depth of $10d_b$ is in general required for the headed bars to develop pullout strength equivalent to 125% of bar yield strength. In this experimental study, test results of multiple headed bars installed in reinforced concrete column sections are presented. Test variables included embedment depth, column main reinforcement ratio, and spacing of column ties. 2D29 bars were pulled out at one time from normal strength concrete. Test results indicated that the embedment depths, column tie spacings, and column main reinforcement ratios all influenced the pullout strengths of the headed bars. When the embedment depth was not sufficient, narrow tie spacings especially resulted in increased pullout strengths of the headed bars. Test results also indicated that the embedment depth of 15㏈ was sufficient for the closely spaced two headed bars (head-to-head spacing =$6d_b$) to develop pullout strength equivalent to 125% of the bar yield strength.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

Breakup lengths of circular and elliptical liquid jets in a subsonic crossflow were experimentally studied. Two circular-shaped and four elliptical-shaped plain-orifice injectors, which had different aspect ratios and orifice length to diameter ratios, were used to provide various liquid jet conditions such as steady, cavitation, and hydraulic flip. By varying the injection pressure drop from 1 bar to 6 bar, spray images were taken using a shadowgraph technique. Breakup lengths were measured and analyzed. As the aspect ratio in orifices increased, liquid column breakup lengths normalized by the equivalent diameter were reduced irrespectively of the switching of the major or minor axis to the crossflow. It was also found that when hydraulic flip developed inside the orifice, x-directional breakup lengths more decreased for both circular and elliptical liquid jets.