• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 1999

본 연구에서는 대응 명료화 전략 및 비유물의 제시 시기가 중학생들의 개념 이해에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 대응 명료화 전략 유무와 비유물의 제시 시기에 따라 네 종류의 학습 교재를 제작하였고, 예비 적용을 통해 수정 보완하였다. 수업 처치 이전에 장의존성/장독립성 검사를 실시하고, 사전 학업 성취도를 조사하였으며, 이 점수들을 구획 변인으로 사용하였다. 111명의 중학생들에게 네 가지 유형의 학습 교재를 우선 배포하여 읽게 한 직후 개념 검사를 실시하고, 4주 후에 개념의 파지 검사를 실시하였다. 학습 직후 개념 검사 및 파지 검사의 회상 문제에서는 대응 명료화 전략 유무나 비유물의 제시 시기에 따른 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 응용 문제에서 대응 명료화 전략을 사용한 집단의 점수가 사용하지 않은 집단의 점수에 비해 유의미하게 높았다. 장독립적인 학습자는 대응 명료화 전략을 사용하지 않았을 때보다 사용했을 때 학습 직후 개념 응용에서 유의미하게 높은 접수를 얻었으며, 사전 성취 수준이 높은 학습자는 대응 명료화 전략을 사용하지 않았을 때보다 사용했을 때 개념 응용 파지에서 유의미하게 높은 점수를 얻었다. 또한, 학습 직후 개념 응용에서 사전성취 수준이 높은 학습자는 대응 명료화 전략과 함께 비유물-목표 개념의 순서로 학습했을 때 유의미하게 높은 점수를 얻었으나, 사전 성취 수준이 낮은 학습자는 대응 명료화 전략과 함께 목표 개념-비유물의 순서로 학습했을 때 유의미하게 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.633-634
• /
• 2006

A new specification-based analog and mixed-signal test technique using high performance current sensors is proposed. The proposed technique using current sensors built in external ATE has little hardware overhead in circuit under test and high testability without time consuming operation of test point placement algorithm.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2003

During the past several years, significant advances have occurred in the utilization of osseointegrated implants for the treatment of partially edentulous patients. One of the biggest purposes for treating of these patients is the high demand for improved esthetics, especially in the anterior region. For this esthetics, the new trend in dental implants is the immediate placement and immediate superstructure fabrication. The refined surgical technique, the skillful soft tissue management, and the proper prosthetic coordination are the main factors to achieve natural looking of implant supported prosthesis. The customized provisional restoration and the customized impression coping are recommended for the optimal peri-implant soft tissue contour. The basic concept of Frialit 2 system was the immediate replacement of a tooth with root-analog fixture after extraction. This system guarantees an ideal result in function and esthetics. The ceramic abutment system offers improved quality in the respect of esthetics, fitness, translucency, and biocompatibility. In this clinical report, the final restoration made with IPS Empress 2 crown on the CeraBase abutmen of Frialit 2 system allowed the reproduction of the natural vitality of tooth and adjacent gingiva.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2018

Background: The pain involved in orthodontic treatments may involve inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the effect of using a naproxen patch for pain reduction in the separating stage of fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of 35 orthodontic patients (age: 14-19 years) who had pain during separator placement, each patient randomly placed naproxen and placebo patches in the first permanent molar region, in opposite quadrants of the same jaw. Patches were replaced every 8 hours until 3 days after separator placement. Patients recorded their pain perception at 2, 6, and 24 hours, and on days 2 (6 PM), 3 (10 AM and 6 PM), and 7 (10 AM and 6 PM), using a visual analog scale. Mean pain scores were compared for the two patches, and effects of sex and age thereon determined. Results: Data from 29 patients (21 girls, eight boys) were analyzed. Mean pain values decreased over time for both patches (P < 0.001). Recorded pain did not differ significantly between the sexes (P = 0.059) or between those aged <16 and those ${\geq}16years$ (P = 0.106). Mean pain recorded with naproxen patches was statistically significantly less than that with placebo patches at all time points (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The naproxen patch was more efficient than the placebo patch for reducing pain at all time points. The highest pain score was recorded at 6 hours, and the least pain was recorded at the $7^{th}$ day after separator placement.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2022

Background: Pain during fixed orthodontic treatment can have a detrimental effect on patient treatment compliance. To overcome this, there is a definite need to establish the best pain-relieving methods suitable for orthodontic patients in terms of efficacy and use. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of chewing gum and pre-emptive tenoxicam on pain after initial archwire placement and to evaluate the pain perceptions of orthodontic patients in the two groups while performing various functions at specific time intervals. Methods: Forty-two patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups: group A (chewing gum) and group B (pre-emptive tenoxicam). Pain perception was documented by patients immediately; at 4 h; at bedtime on the day of archwire placement; the next morning; at 24 h; and at bedtime on the 2nd, 3rd, and 7th day after the initial archwire placement. Pain scores were noted during fitting of the posterior teeth, biting, and chewing using a visual analog scale. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Group A showed a significant increase in pain until the next morning while fitting the posterior teeth, biting, and chewing [36.2, 52.0, 33.4, respectively]], followed by a gradual decrease by the 7th day. Group B showed a significant increase in pain at bedtime on biting, with a peak value of 47.5. Pain on chewing, fitting posterior teeth, peaked the morning of the next day (100.0, 45.0). The Freidman test showed a statistically significant difference with a p-value of < 0.01. Higher pain scores were observed while chewing and biting compared with that while fitting the posterior teeth in both groups. The overall comparison of pain control between the two groups was not statistically significant [P > 0.05] between the two groups. Conclusions: Chewing gum was not inferior to pre-emptive tenoxicam. Thus, chewing gum is a non-pharmacological alternative to analgesics for orthodontic pain control that eliminates the chance of adverse reactions and can be used in the absence of adult observation.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제51권5호
• /
• pp.346-354
• /
• 2021

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and chewing gum for orthodontic pain relief and to assess if chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief. Methods: The study enrolled 106 patients of both sexes, aged ≥ 12 years, with body weight > 50 kg, and mild-to-moderate dental crowding in the upper arch. After randomization and allocation concealment, the intervention groups were either administered with ibuprofen (400 mg) or acetaminophen (500 mg) or chewed sugar-free chewing gum immediately after initial archwire placement and every 6 hours for 1 week if the pain persisted. The control group did not receive any pain relief. The pain was assessed on a 100-mm visual analog scale at rest and while biting down at T1 (2 hours), T2 (24 hours), T3 (2 days), T4 (3 days), T5 (7 days), and T6 (21 days). Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The chewing gum group experienced more pain relief than the ibuprofen group at while biting down at T3 (p = 0.04) and at rest at T4 (p < 0.001). The chewing gum group reported more pain relief than the acetaminophen and control groups while biting down at T3 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.0006, respectively) and T4 (both p < 0.001). Conclusions: Chewing gum can be a non-pharmacological alternative for orthodontic pain relief at 2 and 3 days after initial archwire placement.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2008

소아 환자는 정맥주사의 통증에 대한 심리적인 거부감 및 두려움이 존재하고 있다. 정맥 카데터 주입시의 통증을 평가하기 위해 CT검사를 위해 내원한 소아 130명(나이 $8{\sim}13$)을 대상으로 하였다. 통증 분석은 시각적 상사 척도(visual analog scale, VAS), 수치 통증 강도 척도(numeric pain rating scale, NPRS), Wong-Baker의 안면 통증 단계 척도(Wong-Baker faces pain scale, WBFPS)를 개량한 3종류의 평가 도구를 이용하였다. 시각적 상사 척도, 수치 통증 강도 척도, Wong-Baker의 안면 통증 단계 척도 간의 양의 상관관계($r=0.70{\sim}0.92$)를 보이고 있다. 시각적 상사 척도/수치 통증 강도 척도에서 보다 좋은 일치도를 나타냈다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.224-228
• /
• 2008

Ulnar nerve compression in the cubital tunnel is a common entrapment syndrome of the upper limb. Pulsed radiofrequency lesioning (PRFL) has been reported as a treatment method for relieving neuropathic pain. Since the placement of the electrode in close proximity to a targeted nerve is very important for the success of PRFL, ultrasound seems to be well suited for this technique. A 36-year-old woman presented with complaints of numbness and pain on the medial aspect of the elbow and the pain radiated down to the $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ fingers for 10 years after she suffered an elbow contusion, we then scheduled this woman for the ultrasound guided PRFL of the ulanr nerve. The initial ultrasound examination demonstrated a swollen nerve, loss of the fascicular pattern and an increased cross sectional area of the ulnar nerve. After confirmation of the most swollen site of the nerve via ultrasound, two sessions of PRFL were performed. The postprocedural 10 cm visual analog scale score decreased from 8 to 1 after the two sessions of PRFL.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 1989

본 연구에서는 고정도의 위치제어계를 실현하기 위하여 가변구조제어이론을 전기-유압서보계에 적용하였다.실험은 유압구동부의 공급압력을 변화시켜 유압계의 매개변수를 변화시켜줄 때와 관성하중을 가감하여 부하를 변화시켜 가며 행하였다. 가변구조계에서는 계의 매개변수변동과 부하변동에도 영향을 받지 않음을 종래의 고정구조계와 구조계와 비교, 검토하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2011

Objective : To report our experience with pyogenic spondylitis treated with anterior radical debridement and insertion of a titanium mesh cage and to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of the use of a titanium mesh cage in the surgical management of pyogenic spondylitis. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 19 patients who underwent surgical treatment in our department between January 2004 and December 2008. The average follow-up period was 11.16 months (range, 6-64 months). We evaluated risk factors, cultured organisms, lab data, clinical outcomes, and radiographic results. Surgical techniques for patients with pyogenic spondylitis were anterior radical debridement and reconstruction with titanium mesh cage insertion and screw fixation. All patients received intravenous antibiotics for at least 6 weeks postoperatively, and some patients received oral antibiotics. Results : The infections resolved in all of the patients as noted by normalization of their erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels. The mean pain score on a Visual Analog Scale was 7.8 (range, 4-10) before surgery and 2.4 (range, 1-5) after surgery. The Frankel grade was improved by one grade in seven patients. After surgery, the average difference of the angle was improved about $6.96^{\circ}$ in all patients. At the last follow-up, the mean loss of correction was $4.86^{\circ}$. Conclusion : Anterior radical debridement followed by the placement of instrumentation with a titanium mesh cage may be a safe and effective treatment for selected patients with pyogenic spondylitis. This surgical therapy does not lead to recurrent pyogenic spondylitis.