• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.569-579
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• 2013

To identify the characteristics of the dropping habits and to provide improved methods for sign survey of Siberian flying squirrels Pteromys volans, an investigation was carried out in Jirisan National Park from April 2012 to May 2013. The latrines of study area were checked once a month and the characteristics of dropping behavior were camera trapped. The feces of Siberian flying squirrel were found on the point which tree forked, mostly from November to May. The squirrel actively presents in forked tree mainly on the September to April. The Siberian flying squirrel is found to be a typical nocturnal animal as it actively move between 6p.m. to 7a.m.. The study found that squirrel does feeding and dropping in the winter time on forked tree. On the point which tree forked could be a good place for the squirrel to hide from their predator when there is no leaf on the tree. Conducting the sign survey is advisable from November to May, as well as with the careful approach to the animals. As Siberian flying squirrel is an endangered species, adjusting the survey period is mandatory, especially when doing environmental impact assessment and a research on its dwelling areas.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.91-99
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• 2014

Although it is well documented that patients with cochlear implant experience hearing difficulties when processing their first language, very little is known whether or not and to what extent cochlear implant patients recognize segments in a second language. This preliminary study examines how Korean learners of English identify English segments in a normal hearing and cochlear implant simulation conditions. Participants heard English vowels and consonants in the following three conditions: normal hearing condition, 12-channel noise vocoding with 0mm spectral shift, and 12-channel noise vocoding with 3mm spectral shift. Results confirmed that nonnative listeners could also retrieve spectral information from vocoded speech signal, as they recognized vowel features fairly accurately despite the vocoding. In contrast, the intelligibility of manner and place features of consonants was significantly decreased by vocoding. In addition, we found that spectral shift affected listeners' vowel recognition, probably because information regarding F1 is diminished by spectral shifting. Results suggest that patients with cochlear implant and normal hearing second language learners would experience different patterns of listening errors when processing their second language(s).

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2014

A Citadel is a designated pre-constructed space in the ship for the crew protection, in the event of imminent boarding by pirates. A Citadel is to be designed and constructed to resist for a certain period against pirate attack. A Citadel constructed in secret place of the ship based on the provisions of international and national requirements, is the last refuge from the pirates attack. This study try to identity identify the limitation and weakness of the current Citadel and suggest to applicable improvement on the Rules for Ship's Facilities for safer and more secure Citadel.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1327-1332
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• 2014

This paper presents information about the examples of the design on Illumination of Structures(LED Light Pipe for lighthouse) in Korea. We have applied illumination by flood-lighting or facade-lighting in place of the 57 lighthouses (offshore structures) and 4 beacons. The ways of illumination of structures are using direct illumination with LED, halogen lamps and metal halide lamps, and indirect illumination with LED non-neon lamps. The illumination of structures helps a observer to identify the Aids to Navigation and w aterway. The fabricated LED Light Pipe is a transparent acrylic round bar and easy to install. The Light Pipe is arranged in two rows of L ED (78ea). It can be connected in series. It has 4 colours(Red, Green, Yellow, White). We analyzed and the horizontal divergence angle of the LED light pipe is defined as the range with 50% of maximum luminous intensity. Also, we evaluated the conspicuity on the origin al lantern and LED Light pipe for lighthouse. The field experiment was conducted in 'Yeosuguhang lighthouse' in Yeosu-city (Korea). F rom the experimental results, it was confirmed that the fabricated LED Light Pipe is clearly distinguished.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.35-42
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• 2013

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to identify how different incentive factors influence teachers with different ages and professional titles at LinYi University, China. Research design, data, and methodology - A total of 435 university teachers participated in the study, and the Grey Correlation Degree Analysis method was used to analyze the sample data. Results - The results indicated that teachers with different professional titles and ages have different levels of preference on various incentive factors. Young and assistant-level teachers seem to place more importance on incentives than associate and senior-level teachers. Conclusions - This study has some practical implications. First, the principal and school administrators should pay more attention to young and middle-aged teachers and to how these teachers are motivated through monetary incentives as compared to associate or senior-level teachers. Second, school administrators should pay more attention to teachers' opportunities for career growth and should provide more opportunity for academic promotion. In order to stimulate positivity in teachers, school administrators should adopt various incentive systems.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.585-592
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• 2015

In this study, by applying mobile based GIS and image analysis of particulate matter ($PM_{10}$) concentration in Seoul and Ulsan in Korea, to identify the user's location and also implemented the application to information exchange. It strengthened citizens' access to air quality information through the application and derived the expanded environment information sharing through real-time user participation. Through atmospheric concentrations image analysis, it showed a new environmental information construction possibility. It had the effect of expanding the information collecting through the local user participation on the limited information collected area which place is not yet constructed atmospheric monitoring network. Location-based particulate matter information service application provides a user location's $PM_{10}$ information from the 25 urban air monitoring network real-time database of the Ministry of Environment. Furthermore, if the user sent a picture of the atmosphere to the server, should match the image density values of the database and express on Seoul's maps through the IDW interpolation. And then a $PM_{10}$ concentration result is transmitted to user in real time.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.521-531
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was to identify the meaning of the lived experiences, to describe of the meaning structures and to develop the strategies of nursing intervention centering to these meanings of the smoking cessation. Method: This study was derived from a phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The participants in this study were five adults who had the previous experience of smoking cessation. The data were collected from September of 2001 to April of 2002 through systemic interviews and participatory observations. Average of five interviews were performed, and each interview lasted an hour and half. Result: The meaning of smoking cessation was categorized with nine components. That is (1) obstinacy of the habit of smoking ; difficulty of endurance, succumb to temptation of smoking, repetition of smoking and smoking cessation, habit-forming. (2) Bring about a symptom of improving ; took place headache, expectoration of sputum, sense of instability. (3) Waver in worthy ; doubts about smoking cessation, ridiculed smoking cessation. (4) Be narrowed social life ; become estranged from friends. (5) Futility ; unnecessary, harm. (6) Self-repression ; occurred indomitable mind, strong will, endurance. (7) Gratification ; self-admiration, receive praise from family. (8) Delightfulness ; clean in body and clothes, be disgusted with the foul order of smoking. (9) Improvement in welfare ; a clear mind and good memory, improve in health, have a good appetite. Conclusion: The nursing intervention must be focused on these concerns to accomplish successful smoking cessation program.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.291-297
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• 2003

Fluid film tilting pad journal bearings are widely used for large steam turbines. However, bearing problems by pad fluttering, such as fatigue damage in the upper unloaded pad, the break of locking pins and the wear of pinholes etc., are frequently taken place in the actual steam turbines. The purpose of the present work is to investigate on the mechanism of pad fluttering and the prevention of pad fluttering with the variation of preload(m) in a tilting pad journal bearing. It is estimated that upper pad is easy to flutter because the film shape of upper pad is diverged one from the analysis of moment direction acting on pivot point. Effective preload range in order to be statically loaded pad under all operating conditions is suggested as m＞0.5. Also, as a bearing that can be prevented pad fluttering, design modified bearing is suggested. For the adjustment in actual steam turbines, bearing and rotor dynamic analysis are performed to identify bearing characteristics and to verify the reliability of rotor-bearing system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.404-410
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• 2007

Objectives: Due to the assumptions of homogeneity as well as challenges in the socioeconomic position of the elderly, they have been relatively neglected in studies of health inequalities. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the social inequalities in preventive services among elderly men and women. Methods: Data were obtained from a nationally representative sample of 342 men and 525 women aged 65 and over collected during the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age adjusted proportions and logistic regression were used to identify the social patterning of preventive services among elderly Koreans using various social position indicators. Results: The findings of this study generally supported the presence of social gradients in preventive services among the Korean elderly. The likelihood of using the service becomes progressively higher with social position. Educational level, income, and self-rated living status were significantly associated with increased medical checkups and cancer checks. In addition, logistic regression detected educational inequalities only among older women receiving BP checks. After being stratified based on health status and chronic disease status, social disparities still existed when educational level and self-rated living status were considered. Among unhealthy individuals, place of residence was observed as a barrier to medical checkups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated strong and consistent associations between socioeconomic position and preventive services among the elderly in Korea. The results indicate that public health strategies should be developed to reduce the barriers to preventive services encountered by the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2018

Malaysia is regarded as one of the leaders in the global halal marketplace, which has undergone huge growth in the past few years. The aims of this study were to identify imported food consumers in Malaysia based on Food Related Lifestyle (FRL) attributes and to investigate the demographic characteristics and purchasing behaviors of each segmented groups. Using an online survey, a total of 600 responses were collected in Malaysia. Excluding invalid responses, cluster analysis segmented imported food consumers into four FRL groups: impulsive, high interest, low interest, and traditional consumers. The results of this study were as follows. First, depending on lifestyle, the groups exhibited significant differences in demographic characteristics (age, race, religion, and education level). Second, differences in purchasing behaviors (purchasing frequency, place, and information sources of imported food products) were verified. Especially, purchasing frequency of imported food was higher in the high interest consumer group compared to the other groups. Based on these results, marketing implications of the study findings are discussed.