• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2022

This study investigates closure durations of Korean stops in terms of laryngeal contrasts, places of articulation, and three positions within words. Twenty-two Korean speakers produced the nonsense words containing Korean stops found in word-initial and word-final positions and between vowels. The statistical results showed that the closure durations differed significantly by laryngeal contrast and place of articulation. In addition, the differences by position within words were marginally significant. The closure durations were in the order of lenis < aspirated < fortis stops by laryngeal contrast, velar < alveolar < bilabial stops by place of articulation, and word-final < word-initial < between vowels by positions within words. The laryngeal contrasts were neutralized in word-final position as per coda neutralization in Korean phonology. This study shows that closure durations should be considered a valuable phonetic cue to identify stops on par with voice onset time and f0.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.479-490
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• 1997

This study attempted to grasp the etimological meaning of the ancient place name Dumo, and to identify when the ancient place names in Dumo system started to be used by Korean people. The results of analysis of generic toponym and specific toponym of the ancient place names in Dumo system are as follow: Firstly, Chumong, the name of the founder of the Koguryo Dynasty, and his two sons Biryu,the founder of the kingdom Biryu-Paekche, and Oncho, the founder of the kingdom Paekche, are presumed to originate from place name, not from person's name. Particularly, the name of Chumong is considered to be a person's name which comes from Dumo system. Oncho, who claimed to be a son of Chumong, a person of north-Puyo, transterred the capital of his kingdom to the present site of Dumo in Chunggung-dong, Hanam city in present, which is thought to be an early capital of Paekche or a part of it. Secondly, the word of Dumo means a warm space which is surrounded by mountains, protected from wind, endowed with river which provided with water. This kind of spatial cognition gradually evolved as the prototypical locational artifice which was diffused to Manchuria and Japan, and is believed to be introduced to the Korean Peninsula.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Coronal/non-coronal asymmetry refers to the typological trend wherein coronals rather than non-coronals are more likely targets in place assimilation. Although the phenomenon has been accounted for by resorting to the notion of unmarkedness in formalistic approaches to sound patterns, the examination of rules and representations cannot answer why there should be such a process in the first place. Furthermore, the motivation of coronal/non-coronal asymmetry has remained controversial to date even in the field of phonetics. The present study investigated the listeners' perception of coronal and non-coronal stops in the context of $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ after critically reviewing the three types of phonetic accounts for coronal/non-coronal asymmetry, i.e., articulatory, perceptual, and gestural overlap accounts. An experiment was conducted to test whether the phenomenon in question may occur, given the listeners' lack of perceptual ability to identify weaker place cues in VC transitions as argued by Ohala (1990), i.e., coronals have weak place cues that cause listeners' misperception. 5pliced nonsense $VC_{1}C_{2}V$ utterances were given to 20 native speakers of English and Korean. Data analysis showed that majority of the subjects reported $C_{2}\;as\;C_{1}$. More importantly, the place of articulation of C1 did not affect the listeners' identification. Compared to non-coronals, coronals did not show a significantly lower rate of correct identifications. This study challenges the view that coronal/non-coronal asymmetry is attributable to the weak place cues of coronals, providing evidence that CV cues are more perceptually salient than VC cues. While perceptual saliency account may explain the frequent occurrence of regressive assimilation across languages, it cannot be extended to coronal/non-coronal asymmetry.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2018

Purpose - The third place plays an important role in complex society. The more customers participate in the third place, the higher they have loyalty. It is necessary to identify the mediator between customer participation and loyalty. Thus, the purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between customer participation and loyalty and a mediating role of psychological ownership. Research design, data, and methodology - A structural equation model representing the relationships between customer participation, psychological ownership, and customer loyalty was proposed and four hypotheses were tested using data collected from visitors of Starbucks as the third place. Results - Three hypotheses regarding relationships between customer participation, psychological ownership, and customer loyalty were supported at the significance level of 0.001. The hypothesis regarding a mediating role of psychological ownership between customer participation and customer loyalty was supported by Sobel test. Conclusions - Customer participation positively affects psychological ownership and customer loyalty. Psychological ownership positively affects customer loyalty. Psychological ownership plays a mediating role in the relationship between customer ownership and loyalty. This study contributes to finding the missing link between customer participation and customer loyalty. The research model can be applied to various retail services. Some implications for academics and practitioners were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

The campus outdoor space in each city is a very important space for students and local residents. Especially, for students, indoor space such as classroom is the main place to learn knowledge. But the outdoor space provides an opportunity to interact with people in other sectors and it also gives an opportunity that can make students sense the flow of the times. Moreover, students have the opportunity to integrate knowledge of the other fields in the outdoor space. The campus also provides an important resting place for residents. Therefore the campus should be convenient for both local residents and students, and should be designed to let students and local residents communicate with each other in outdoor space. This study attempts to identify the problems of the outdoor space in such a point. The high scores of campus evaluation indexes are as follows: First, the lighting in the favorite space and installing seats in a green space of the vestibule get the highest score. Also, separation of a sidewalk and a roadway, the ease of holding events, simple food and beverage near the entrance, the interacting place of people, the resting place near the porch in cold winter, the lighting in a bus stop and parking lot also get good evaluations.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.275-283
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• 2021

Globalization has greatly contributed to an increased need for improvement of human capital, and particularly in the development of the real estate and construction sector. Since the political and economic reforms in 1986, Vietnam has experienced a strong economic performance. The real estate and construction sector is one of the fastest growing industries in Vietnam, accounting for approximately 7.6% of GDP in Vietnam. The aim of this study is to identify critical factors influencing the satisfaction of employees to their working place. The sample data collected was from 265 employees, managers and staff in real estate and construction companies in Vietnam. After revising the missing data, and the errors, 240 valid respondents are selected. In addition, the analysis also employs SPSS software by discussing descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha test, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and regression analysis. Our empirical findings show that a company offering greater wages can positively affect the satisfaction of employees to their working place in the real estate and construction sector. In addition, a firm with a superior working relationship and working environment has a positive and statistically significant impact on the satisfaction of employees to their working place.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-506
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• 2019

More than a few existing studies on popular narratives that pay attention to 'place' tend to adopt as their theoretical framework the celebrated distinction between space and place. According to this distinction, to put it simply, space is allegedly mobile, whereas place is static. Given this distinction, and in this age of high-mobility, where the spaces of mobilities seem to rapidly and extensively undermine the places of immobilities, would studies on popular narratives focusing on 'place' still remain convincing? Referring to David Seamon's recent book Life Takes Place: Phenomenology, Lifeworlds, and Place Making, this article aims to consider the possibility of studies on popular narratives in the era of high-mobility. To explore the concept of 'place' through phenomenological methodology, Seamon's book uses a theoretical framework called the 'progressive approximation,' which is attentive to synergistic relationality. According to this approach, the place should first be put under scrutiny as a whole, i.e. as the monad of place. Phenomenological studies on the monad of place as a whole identify places as the fundamental condition for human beings. Then, in accordance with the 'progressive' order of research, places are studied as dyads, i.e. as binary oppositions. Through these analyses, movement/rest, insideness/outsideness, the ordinary/the extra-ordinary, the within/the without, homeworld/alienworld are identified as the five dyads of place. To make a detour around these binary oppositions and confrontations, however, phenomenological studies on place now advance to the higher order of six place triads including place interaction, place identity, place release, place realization, place intensification, and place creation, whereby the study of place progressively approaches the 'approximate' essence of place. Reflectively asking himself about the idea of 'place' in the high-mobility era, the author of this informative and insightful book submits an answer that place is still the fundamental sine qua non of human beings. However, this answer is more likely to be bounded by the binary opposition of space/place, and movement/rest accordingly. In this article, I suggest as an alternative and hopefully more promising answer a perspective of transcending this kind of a dead-end dichotomy and of performing 'place-making' through the mobilities themselves, while presenting a noticeable example of the manner in which research on popular narratives could begin from this perspective.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-29
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• 2000

Back injury is frequent in industry workers and is a common cause of productivity loss. It has been reported that the insured of industrial accident insurance tend to stay in hospital longer than that of other types of insurance. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the length of hospital stay for the treatment of back injury in the workers under industrial accident insurance. The results of this study help insurers develop reasonable industrial accident insurance policy for back injury claims and prevention strategies of work-related back injury. A total of 2,949 patients whose industrial accident insurance claim has been approved for the treatment of work-related back injury from January to December 1999 were included in this study. Relationship between the length of hospital stay and characteristics of patient, work place, back injury, and hospital were assessed using ANOVA, t-test, simple linear regression and multiple resgression. The major findings of this study are as follows : 1. The average length of hospital stay(LOS) was 91.82 days, respectively. 2. Characteristics of Patient LOS of male patients was longer than that of female patients, there was positive correlation between age and LOS and between average wage and LOS. Working period was negatively correlated with LOS. Distance from resident to hospital was positively correlated with LOS and LOS was significantly different dependign on type of duty. 3. Characteristics of Work Place LOS was significantly different depending on types of industry and geographical region of work place. Size of work place was positively correlated with LOS. 4. Characteristics of Back Injury Occupational back pain required shorter LOS compared with back injury due to electric shock. Number of concomitant illnesses and severity of disability were positively correlated with LOS. 5. Characteristics of Hospital Patients treated in community hospitals required significantly longer LOS. Treatment in hospitals with rehabilitation program required decreased LOS. This was more prominent as number of physicians specialized in rehabilitation. 6. Multiple regression analysis revealed that distance form resident to hospital, geographical region of work place, size of work place, number of concomitant illnesses, severity of disability, and type of hospital were factors affecting LOS.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 2005

Numerical analysis is carried out to identify the appropriateness of the design codes that is available for the tensile design of fastening system at Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in this study. This study is intended for the cast-in-place anchor that is widely used for the fastening of equipment in Korean NPPs. The microplane model and the elastic-perfectly plastic model are employed for the quasi-brittle material like concrete and for the ductile material like anchor bolt as constitutive model for numerical analysis and smeared crack model is employed to simulate the clack and damage phenomena. The developed numerical model is verified on a basis of the various test data of cast-in-place anchor. The appropriateness of both ACI 349 Code and CEB-FIP Code is evaluated for the tensile design of cast-in-place anchor and it is proved that both design codes give a conservative results for real tensile capacity of cast-in-place anchor.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.334-346
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the appearance of Gyeongridangil and its related commercial streets, which seemingly serve as a place brand. Internet trend data, locational conditions, and commercial compositions were analyzed to determine the characteristics of their formation. Result showed that, as the commercial streets developed because of social network services, the street names tended to be considered as place images. In terms of locational conditions, they chose rather remote places, risking the disadvantages for their own spatial style. Interpreted within the framework of place branding, these streets seemed to identify themselves with a unique streetscape using spatial restraints as an advantage. They positioned in a niche area to avoid conflict with other commercial types and attract consumers with the image of "suppliers of trendy lifestyle", thus successfully becoming a place brand.