• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1536-1541
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• 2014

Pinocembrin is a flavonoid that exhibits diverse biological properties. Although the major source of pinocembrin is propolis, it can be synthesized biologically using microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, which has been used to synthesize diverse natural compounds. Pinocembrin is synthesized from phenylalanine by the action of three enzymes; phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), and chalcone synthase (CHS). In order to synthesize pinocembrin from glucose in Escherichia coli, the PAL, 4CL, and CHS genes from three different plants were introduced into an E. coli strain. Next, we tested the different constructs containing 4CL and CHS. In addition, the malonyl-CoA level was increased by overexpressing acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Through these strategies, a high production yield (97 mg/l) of pinocembrin was achieved.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2257-2261
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• 2012

Pinocembrin (5, 7-dihydroxyflavanone) is a flavanone extracted from the rhizome of Boesenbergia pandurata. Our previous studies demonstrated that pinocembrin had no toxicity or mutagenicity in rats. We here evaluated its effects on the initiation and promotion stages in diethylnitrosamine-induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis, using short- and medium-term carcinogenicity tests. Micronucleated hepatocytes and liver glutathione-S-transferase placental form foci were used as end point markers. Pinocembrin was neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic in rat liver, and neither inhibited nor prevented micronucleus formation as well as GST-P positive foci formation induced by diethylnitrosamine. Interestingly, pinocembrin slightly increased the number of GST-P positive foci when given prior to diethylnitrosamine injection.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2001

천연물 유래의 보다 안전하고 활성이 우수한 항균 및 항산화물질을 탐색할 목적으로 산벚나무 심재로부터 분리한 pinostrobin, eriodictyol, naringenin. pinocembrin, taxifolin, verecundin의 항균 및 항산화활성을 검정 하였다. 배지점적법을 이용하여 항진균활성을 조사한 결과, pinocembrin(5,7-dihydroxyflavanone)이 공시균주 모두에 대해 80% 이상의 균사생장억제율을 나타내어 가장 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타났으며 그 다음이 naringenin(4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone), 그리고 verecundin(7-hydroxyflavanone 5-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside)은 활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, pinocembrin의 경우 현재 천연물로부터 분리되어 실용화되고 있는 항균물질인 히노키치올에 비견될 수 있는 항진균활성을 나타내었다. 한천배지확산법을 이용한 항세균활성 조사에서는 단리물질 모두 생육저지환을 형성하지 않아 활성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 항산화활성 검정을 위해 프리라디칼소거능 및 과산화물가를 조사한 결과, taxifolin(3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavanone)과 eriodictyol(3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone)이 천연항산화제인 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol의 2배의 프리라디칼소거능을 나타내었으며, 항산화지수도 천연항산화제보다 높은 것으로 나타나 항산화활성이 우수한 것으로 판단되었다. 이상의 결과 산벚나무 심재 에탄올 추출물의 높은 항균활성은 pinocembrin에, 항산화활성은 taxifolin과 eriodictyol에 기인하는 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2017

충치발생의 주요 원인균으로 알려진 S. mutans를 이용하여 건강기능식품으로 사용되는 프로폴리스를 9개 지역으로부터 수집한 후 생리활성 물질 탐색과 주요성분 함량에 따라 활성차이를 조사하였다. S. mutans에 대한 항균활성은 제주도, 경상북도, 경상남도, 충청북도, 충청남도, 전라북도, 전라남도, 경기도, 강원도 프로폴리스 및 pinocembrin에서 모두 관찰되었다. 제주도를 제외한 모든 프로폴리스에서 총 플라보노이드 함량이 10mg/g 이상으로 건강기능식품 기준 및 규격에 적합하였고, 19mg/g 이상일 경우 우수한 항균활성을 유사하게 나타내었다. 국산 프로폴리스의 주요성분으로 알려진 pinocembrin의 UPLC 정량분석에서는 제주도산 프로폴리스를 제외한 모든 시료에서 주성분으로 검출되었고 12mg/g 이상일 경우 항균활성에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

항균활성이 우수한 헛개나무 목부 에탄올 조추출물로부터 7종의 화합물을 단리하였으며, 기기분석 결과 flavonoid인 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone를 비롯하여 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin), 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (pinocembrin), 3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone (pinobanksin), 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (aromadendrin)과 stilbenoid인 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene과 3,5-dihydroxystilbene (pinosylvin)으로 각각 동정되었다. 이들 단리물질에 대한 항균활성을 조사한 결과 stilbenoid인 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene이 공시균주의 생장을 완전히 저해하여 단리물질 중 활성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그 다음이 pinocembrin과 pinosylvin으로 Cryphonectria parasitica, Trametes versicolor, Tyromyces palustris 그리고 Trichoderma viride에 대해 높은 균사생장억제율을 나타내어 활성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, flavonoid인 pinobanksin, 5- hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, chrysin, 그리고 aromadendrin은 항균활성이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과, 헛개나무 목부 에탄올 조추출물의 높은 항균활성은 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene과 pinocembrin, 그리고 pinosylvin에서 유래된 것으로 사료되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2017

In the present study, we carried out quantitative analysis of chrysin and pinocembrin in Korean propolis by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) equipped with diode array detector. The separation was done using BEH C18 ($2.1{\times}50mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) column with a mobile phase consisting of MeCN and 0.1% $H_3PO_4$ at 280 nm. The chromatographic method was validated for specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, precision, and accuracy. A quantitative analysis exhibited that the contents of the two compounds in Korean propolis collected from 8 inland areas except Jeju-do ranged from 3.1-46.0 mg/g. These results will be valuable as basic data for standardization of Korean propolis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2003

잣나무 목부 에탄올 조추출물로부터 7종의 화합물을 단리하였으며, 기기분석 결과 flavonoids인 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone을 비롯하여 chrysin, pinocembrin, pinobanksin, galangin 그리고 stilbenoids 화합물인 3-hydroxy-5-methoxystilbene과 pinosylvin으로 각각 동정되었다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

By bioassay-guided fractionation followed by chromatographic separation of the MeOH extract of Alpinia Rhizome, five COX-2 inhibitors were isolated and characterized as pinocembrin, galangin 3-methyl ether, galangin, kaempferid, and 5-hydroxy-7-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenyl-3-heptanone.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3281-3287
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• 2016

Bioactive compounds extracted from leaves and twigs of Goniothalamus griffithii include pinocembrin (PCN) and goniothalamin (GTN). The objectives of this study were to investigate the cytotoxic activities of PCN and GTN and their influence on molecular signaling for cell death in several human cancer cell lines compared to normal murine fibroblast NIH3T3 cells. GTN exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 > HeLa > HepG2 > NIH3T3 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 7.33, 14.8, 37.1 and $65.4{\mu}M$, respectively, whereas PCN was cytotoxic only to HepG2 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of ${\sim}80{\mu}M$. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by staining the cells with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) employing flow cytometry. Apoptosis was shown by externalization of phosphatidylserine in goniothalamin-treated MCF-7 cells in a dose response manner. Positive PI-stained cells with the typical morphology of apoptotic cells were increased dose-dependently. Furthermore, reduction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential was found in goniothalamin-treated MCF-7, HepG2 and HeLa cells. GTN treatment in MCF-7 increased caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities while GTN-induced HeLa cells showed an increase of both caspase-3 and -9 activities. But an increased caspase-8 activity was demonstrated in GTN- and PCN-treated MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Taken together, GTN- and PCN-induced human cancer cell apoptosis was through different molecular mechanisms or signaling pathways, which might be due to different machineries in different types of cancer cells, as evidenced by the compound-modulated caspase activities in both intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathways.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.268-271
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• 2007

Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as epilepsy and ischemia. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the seeds of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (Zingiberaceae) furnished three phenolic compounds, alpinetin (1), pinocembrin (2), and (+)-catechin (3). Compounds 2 and 3 showed the potent neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. In addition, Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant DPPH free radical scavenging effect. These results suggest that compounds 2 and 3 could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases.